Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK9''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the
ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. F ...
ation of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Interactions
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to
interact
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with:
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Grb2,
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MAPK8IP1
C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK8IP1'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a regulator of the pancreatic beta-cell function. It is highly similar to JIP-1, a mouse protein ...
,
MAPK8IP2
C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2 is a protein or the name of the gene that encodes it. The gene is also known as Islet-Brain-2 (IB2).
This protein is highly expressed in the brain and is almost always deleted in Phelan-McDermid s ...
,MAPK8IP3
C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK8IP3'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with the product of Drosophila syd gene, required for the functional interaction ...
P53
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s ...
,TOB1
Protein Tob1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TOB1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the tob/btg1 family of anti-proliferative proteins that have the potential to regulate cell growth. When exogenously expressed, thi ...
.
References
Further reading
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External links
MAP Kinase Resource
.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9
EC 2.7.11
Human proteins