Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 2 also known as MEKK2 (MEK/ERK Kinase 2) is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP3K2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of
serine/threonine protein kinase
A serine/threonine protein kinase () is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid residues serine or threonine, which have similar side chains. At least 350 of the 500+ human prote ...
family. This
kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where the high-energy ATP molecule don ...
preferentially activates other kinases involved in the
MAP kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses ...
signaling pathway
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellula ...
. This kinase has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate
IkappaB kinases, and thus plays a role in
NF-kappa B signaling pathway. This kinase has also been found to bind and activate
protein kinase C
In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and t ...
-related kinase 2, which suggests its involvement in a regulated signaling process.
Activation
MEKK2 is activated through homodimerization and subsequent trans-autophosphorylation at MEKK2-S519.
MEKK2 is regulated by
14-3-3 proteins which bind to MEKK2-phosphoT283.
MEKK2 is regulated by SMYD3 which binds and methylates MEKK2-K260.
Interactions
MAP3K2 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
MAPK8,
[
* MAP2K4,][
* MAP2K7,]SMYD3
SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of Zeste, Trithorax) and MYND (myeloid-Nervy-DEAF-1) domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMYD3'' gene.
Function
SMYD3 is a lysine methyltransferase which specific ...
,XIAP
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), also known as inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 (IAP3) and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4 (BIRC4), is a protein that stops apoptotic cell death. In humans, this protein (XIAP) is produ ...
References
Further reading
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EC 2.7.11
{{gene-2-stub