Lý Do Độc (
chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (𡨸漢, literally "Chinese characters", ), Chữ Nho (𡨸儒, literally "Confucian characters", ) or Hán tự (漢字, ), is the Vietnamese term for Chinese characters, used to write Văn ngôn (which is a form of Classical Chinese ...
: 李由獨; ? – ?), known in Chinese as Li Youdu (
Wade–Giles: ''Li Yu-tu'') was a
chieftain of a tribe called ''Taohua'' and a rebel leader in
Phong around mid-9th century, during the
Third Chinese domination of Vietnam. Phong (modern-day
Phú Thọ Province
In chemistry, pH (), historically denoting "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"), is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions (solutions with higher concentrations of ions) are ...
) back then was the boundary area between
Tang empire's
Annan Protectorate
Annan () was the southernmost administrative division of the Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty of China from 679 to 866, located in modern-day Vietnam. Annam is the Vietnamese form of the Chinese name Annan, which means "the Pacified South" o ...
and the kingdom of
Nanzhao in modern-day
Yunnan. Lý Do Độc himself commanding a local army of 6,000 and was assisted by seven "Lords of the Ravines."
The Annan governor, Li Zhuo (r. 853–857) refused to entrust Lý Do Độc, unfortunately pushed Lý Do Độc into closer ties with Nanzhao, the contemporary enemy of the Tang. In 857, Lý Do Độc and his "Lords of the Ravines" submitted to Nanzhao. King
Meng Shilong
Meng may refer to:
* Meng (surname) (孟), a Chinese surname
* Master of Engineering (MEng or M.Eng.), an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering
* , "M with hook", letter used in the International Phonetic Alphabet
* ...
of Nanzhao sent a military commander to deliver a letter to Do Độc soliciting his submission. Lý Do Độc and the Lords of the Ravine accepted the offer of vassalage by the Nanzhao king. The Yunnanese commander married his niece off to Lý Do Độc's younger son, and this young man in return became a junior official of the Nanzhao court.
Lý Do Độc and other disaffected mountain tribes openly sided with Nanzhao, formed a "suicide squad in white clothes" (''baiyi mengmin yun'') and teamed up with the Yunnanese forces, joined with lowland people that brought warfare to villages in the heart of the protectorate. Chaos and riots ravaged northern Vietnam until they were briefly calmed in 858 by the arrival of the new governor
Wang Shi.
References
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Vietnamese military leaders
9th-century Vietnamese people
Tang dynasty rebels