Tomol Crossing Channel Islands (43101684130)

Lupukngna was a coastal

Tongva The Tongva ( ) are an Indigenous people of California from the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately . Some descendants of the people prefer Kizh as an endonym that, they argue, is more historically ...

village that was at least 3,000 years old located on the bluffs along the

Santa Ana River The Santa Ana River is the largest river entirely within Southern California in the United States. It rises in the San Bernardino Mountains and flows for most of its length through San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, before cutting through ...

Huntington Beach Huntington Beach is a seaside city in Orange County in Southern California, located southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. The city is named after American businessman Henry E. Huntington. The population was 198,711 during the 2020 census, maki ...

near the Newland House Museum. Other nearby coastal villages included Genga, located in West Newport Beach, and

Moyongna Moyongna, alternatively spelled Moyonga, was a coastal Tongva village or landmark site located near the entrance of Newport Bay in Newport Beach, California near Corona del Mar. As a coastal village, the usage of '' te'aats'' was likely import ...

, located down the coast near

Corona del Mar Corona del Mar (Spanish for "Crown of the Sea") is a seaside neighborhood in the city of Newport Beach, California. It generally consists of all the land on the seaward face of the San Joaquin Hills south of Avocado Avenue to the city limits, as ...

. The village has also been referred to as Lukup and Lukupa. The village has been chronicled in the history of

Costa Mesa, California Costa Mesa (; Spanish for "Table Coast") is a city in Orange County, California. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to an urban area including part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wa ...

History

As a coastal village, the usage of '' te'aats'' were likely important to the village's people. In the late eighteenth century, padres from

Mission San Juan Capistrano Mission San Juan Capistrano ( es, Misión San Juan Capistrano) is a Spanish mission in San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. Founded November 1, 1776 in colonial ''Las Californias'' by Spanish Catholic missionaries of the Franciscan O ...

reportedly visited the village as part of a colonial project of

Christian conversion Conversion to Christianity is the religious conversion of a previously non-Christian person to Christianity. Different Christian denominations may perform various different kinds of rituals or ceremonies initiation into their community of belie ...

Spanish Missions in California The Spanish missions in California ( es, Misiones españolas en California) comprise a series of 21 religious outposts or missions established between 1769 and 1833 in what is now the U.S. state of California. Founded by Catholic priests o ...

. The Diego Sepúlveda Adobe was built overlooking Lupukngna and Genga from between 1817-1823 as an outpost "to watch over cattle and Indians." In 1827, missionaries considered whether to move their entire operation to the location. In 1935, archaeologists found evidence of a village along the Santa Ana River near contemporary Adams Avenue. It was found that villagers primarily subsisted on acorns, seeds, berries, small game, fish and shellfish, similar to surrounding Tongva villages. Shell mounds were also found. The Newland House Museum was identified as a likely site of the village. This is because the house was constructed on one of a few knolls in the area that rises above the Santa Ana River's floodplain. Numerous Tongva villages in the area were established on other similar knolls, making the location more probable. Additionally, several archaeological investigations have been done at the house since the 1930s, which have yielded various Tongva artifacts. A small residential street in Costa Mesa near the Diego Sepúlveda Adobe is named ''Lukup Lane'' in reference to the village.

References

{{Indigenous peoples of California Tongva populated places Former Native American populated places in California History of Orange County, California Costa Mesa, California Huntington Beach, California California Mission Indians

History

See also

References