Louis Aloysius, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (german: Ludwig Aloysius Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein; 18 August 1765 – 30 May 1829) was a

German prince The terms German Prince or German Princess are often used to refer to members of royalty that were from a German state. Today Germany is one nation, but until 1914, Germany and Central Europe were ruled over by a large number of independent states. ...

and

Marshal of France Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished ( ...

. He commanded a division of Austrian soldiers in the 1809 and 1814 campaigns during the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

Biography

Hohenlohe was born at

Bartenstein Bartoszyce (pronounced , german: Bartenstein, ; lt, Barštynas) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland, with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Geog ...

Hohenlohe-Bartenstein Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a German principality of the House of Hohenlohe, located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Bartenstein. Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a partition of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and was raised from a co ...

. In 1784 he entered the service of the Palatinate, which he quit in 1792 to take command as a colonel of a French army regiment raised by his father for the service of the

émigré An ''émigré'' () is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French ''émigrer'', "to emigrate". French Huguenots Many French Huguenots fled France followin ...

princes of France. He greatly distinguished himself under Condé in the campaigns of 1792–93, especially at the storming of the lines of Wissembourg. Subsequently he entered the service of the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, and, when almost surrounded by the army of General

Pichegru Jean-Charles Pichegru (, 16 February 1761 – 5 April 1804) was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars. Under his command, French troops overran Belgium and the Netherlands before fighting on the Rhine front. His royalist positions led to h ...

, conducted a masterly retreat from the island of Bommelerwaard to the

Waal WAAL (99.1 FM "The Whale") is a commercial radio station licensed to Binghamton, New York. It airs a classic rock radio format and is owned by Townsquare Media. WAAL is the oldest FM radio station in the Binghamton metropolitan area. It is an ...

. After the Dutch surrendered to the French armies, Hohenlohe joined the

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...

army with whom he fought in the campaigns of 1794 to 1798. The following year he was named major-general by the Archduke Charles of Austria. Hohenlohe was promoted to the rank of ''

Feldmarschallleutnant Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (german: Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerly , historically also and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always , abbreviated ''FML''), was ...

'' in 1806 and the next year saw him being appointed governor of Galicia.

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

offered to restore to Hohenlohe his principality of

on condition that he adhered to the

Confederation of the Rhine The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine, also known as Napoleonic Germany, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austria an ...

, but as he refused, it was united to

Württemberg Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württ ...

. During the

War of the Fifth Coalition The War of the Fifth Coalition was a European conflict in 1809 that was part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars. The main conflict took place in central Europe between the Austrian Empire of Francis I and Napoleon's French Empir ...

Prince Hohenlohe led an Austrian infantry division in the IV Corps under

Franz Seraph of Orsini-Rosenberg Prince Franz Seraph von Orsini-Rosenberg (18 October 1761 – 4 August 1832) was born a member of Orsini-Rosenberg family, son of Prince Vinzenz Fererius von Orsini-Rosenberg and Maria Juliana, Countess von Stubenberg family, Stubenberg. He ...

at the

Battle of Eckmühl The Battle of Eckmühl, fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under th ...

on 22 April 1809. His division consisted of three battalions each of the Infantry Regiments Josef Mittrowsky Nr. 40, Bellegarde Nr. 44 and Chasteler Nr. 46, the 5th and 6th Battalions of the Archduke Karl Legion and 14 artillery pieces. At the

Battle of Aspern-Essling In the Battle of Aspern-Essling (21–22 May 1809), Napoleon crossed the Danube near Vienna, but the French and their allies were attacked and forced back across the river by the Austrians under Archduke Charles. It was the first time Napoleon ...

on 21–22 May, he led Infantry Regiments Hiller Nr. 2, Czartorisky Nr. 9, Sztaray Nr. 33 and Reuss-Greitz Nr. 55. His division numbered 9,261 infantry and 16 6-pound cannons, The IV Corps was involved in the murderous struggle for the village of Essling. At the

Battle of Wagram The Battle of Wagram (; 5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon's French and allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles ...

on 5–6 July he led the Hiller and Sztaray Regiments, a total of 4,479 men. He commanded a division in

Ignaz Gyulai Ignaz is a male given name, related to the name Ignatius. Notable people with this name include: * Franz Ignaz Beck (1734–1807), German musician * Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (1644–1704), Bohemian-Austrian musician * Ignaz Brüll (1846–1907), ...

's III Austrian Corps during the

1814 Campaign in France The 1814 campaign in north-east France was Napoleon's final campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition. Following their victory at Leipzig in 1813, the Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and other German armies of the Sixth Coalition invaded France. ...

. He led his troops during the

First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube The First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube (24 January 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition when Marshal Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise's corps of French Imperial Guards defended against an Austrians corps under Ignaz Gyulai and a ...

Hohenlohe entered French service with the rank of lieutenant general, after the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the House of Bourbon in 1814. The following year he held the command of a regiment raised by himself, with which he took part in the Spanish campaign of 1823. The same year he was naturalized a French citizen, upon which he was made a Peer of France. In 1827 was given the distinction of Marshal of France. He died at

Lunéville Lunéville ( ; German, obsolete: ''Lünstadt'' ) is a commune in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. It is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the river Meurthe at its confluence with the Vezouze. History Lu ...

in 1829.

Notes

References

;Attribution * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Louis Aloysius, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein 1765 births 1829 deaths German princes Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration Marshals of France Military history of France Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Generals of the Holy Roman Empire