The following is a list of rulers of

Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Lig ...

. Most belong to the

House of Grimaldi The House of Grimaldi ( , also , , ) is the current reigning house of the Principality of Monaco. The house was founded in 1160 by Grimaldo Canella in Genoa and became the ruling house of Monaco when Francesco Grimaldi captured Monaco in 1297 ...

; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

History

The

, descended from

Otto Canella Otto Canella (born in the middle of the 11th century, died in 1143) was Consul of the Republic of Genoa in 1133, and an ancestor of the House of Grimaldi, the family that currently rules Monaco. According to the 19th-century historian Gustave S ...

, a statesman from the

Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( lij, Repúbrica de Zêna ; it, Repubblica di Genova; la, Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the 11th century to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the Lat ...

, and taking their name from his son Grimaldo, were an ancient and prominent Guelphic Genoese family. Members of this family, in the course of the civil strife in Genoa between the

Guelphs and Ghibellines The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, ri ...

, were banned from Genoa in 1271 and took refuge in Monaco.

François Grimaldi Francesco Grimaldi (french: François, italics=no; eng, Francis, italics=no), called (from Italian: "''the malicious''"), was the Genoese leader of the Guelphs who captured the Rock of Monaco on the night of 8 January 1297. He was the son of ...

seized the

Rock of Monaco The Rock of Monaco (french: Rocher de Monaco) is a tall monolith on the Mediterranean coast of the Principality of Monaco. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea and the Port Hercules. History The Rock has been a coveted possession from the beginn ...

in 1297, starting the Grimaldi dynasty, under the Genoese sovereignty. The Grimaldis acquired

Menton Menton (; , written ''Menton'' in classical norm or ''Mentan'' in Mistralian norm; it, Mentone ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italian border. Me ...

in 1346 and Roquebrune in 1355, enlarging their possessions. These two towns (some 95% of the country's territory) were eventually ceded to

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

by the Franco-Monégasque Treaty in 1861. The Grimaldis used the title of Lord until 1612. Then, Lord Honoré II started using the title of Prince, thereby becoming the first Prince of Monaco. Afterwards, Honoré II secured recognition of his independent

sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...

from

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

in 1633, and then from France by the Treaty of Péronne in 1641. Since then the area has remained under the control of the Grimaldi family to the present day, except when under French control from 24 February 1793 to 17 May 1814.

Rulers of Monaco

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:70 left:5 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1297 till:2021 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:1300 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:25 start:1300 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1) id:s value:red id:w value:green id:eon value:blue Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Rulers bar:eon PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:6 shift:(0,5) bar:eon color:eon from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s from: 1301 till: 1331 color:w from: 1331 till: 1357 color:s from: 1357 till: 1395 color:w from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s from: 1395 till: 1397 color:w from: 1397 till: 1402 color:s from: 1402 till: 1419 color:w from: 1419 till: 1793 color:s from: 1793 till: 1814 color:w from: 1814 till: end color:s text:

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Rulers from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s text:"

François François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, Kin ...

" from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s text:" Rainier I" from: 1301 till: 1331 color:w text:"

" from: 1331 till: 1357 color:s text:"

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

" from: 1352 till: 1357 color:s text:" Rainier II" from: 1357 till: 1395 color:w text:"

" from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s text:"

Louis Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis ( ...

" from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s text:" Jean I" from: 1395 till: 1397 color:w text:"

" from: 1397 till: 1402 color:s text:"

" from: 1402 till: 1419 color:w text:"

" from: 1419 till: 1427 color:s text:"

Ambroise Ambroise, sometimes Ambroise of Normandy,This form appeared first in (flourished ) was a Norman poet and chronicler of the Third Crusade, author of a work called ', which describes in rhyming Old French verse the adventures of as a crusader. The ...

" from: 1419 till: 1427 color:s text:"

Antoine Antoine is a French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, West Greenland, Haiti, French Guiana ...

" from: 1419 till: 1454 color:s text:" Jean I" from: 1454 till: 1457 color:s text:"

Catalan Catalan may refer to: Catalonia From, or related to Catalonia: * Catalan language, a Romance language * Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia Places * 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...

" from: 1457 till: 1458 color:s text:"

Claudine Claudine may refer to: Name * Claudine (given name), a feminine given name of French origin Culture * ''Claudine'' (film), a 1974 American film by John Berry ** ''Claudine'' (soundtrack), its soundtrack album. Music by Curtis Mayfield and Gladis ...

" from: 1458 till: 1494 color:s text:" Lamberto" from: 1494 till: 1505 color:s text:" Jean II" from: 1505 till: 1523 color:s text:"

Lucien Lucien is a male given name. It is the French form of Luciano or Latin ''Lucianus'', patronymic of Lucius. Lucien, Saint Lucien, or Saint-Lucien may also refer to: People Given name * Lucien of Beauvais, Christian saint *Lucien, a band member ...

" from: 1523 till: 1581 color:s text:" Honoré I" from: 1581 till: 1589 color:s text:" Charles II" from: 1589 till: 1604 color:s text:"

Ercole The male first name Ercole, Italian version of Hercules, can refer to: People * Ercole (name), list of people with the name House of D'Este *Ercole I d'Este (1431–1505), Duke of Ferrara *Ercole II d'Este (1508–1559), Duke of Ferrara, Modena a ...

" from: 1604 till: 1662 color:s text:" Honoré II" from: 1662 till: 1701 color:s text:"

Louis I Louis I may refer to: * Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor * Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140) * Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158) * Louis I of Blois ( ...

" from: 1701 till: 1731 color:s text:"

Antonio I Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

" from: 1731 till: 1731 color:s text:" Louise Hippolyte" from: 1731 till: 1733 color:s text:" Jacques I" from: 1733 till: 1793 color:s text:" Honoré III" from: 1793 till: 1804 color:w text:"

First French Republic In the history of France, the First Republic (french: Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (french: République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 ...

" from: 1804 till: 1814 color:w text:"

First French Empire The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Eu ...

" from: 1814 till: 1819 color:s text:" Honoré IV" from: 1819 till: 1841 color:s text:" Honoré V" from: 1841 till: 1856 color:s text:"

Florestan Florestan (Tancrède Florestan Roger Louis Grimaldi; 10 October 1785, in Paris – 20 June 1856) was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 2 October 1841 until his death. He was the second son of Prince Honoré IV and Louise d'Aumont ...

" from: 1856 till: 1889 color:s text:"

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to ...

" from: 1889 till: 1922 color:s text:" Albert I" from: 1922 till: 1949 color:s text:" Louis II" from: 1949 till: 2005 color:s text:"

Rainier III Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest-ruling ...

" from: 2005 till: end color:s text:" Albert II" barset:skip LineData = layer:front

References

* ''Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America''. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rulers of Monaco

Monaco-related lists