Lluís Domènech i Montaner (; 21 December 1850 – 27 December 1923) was a Spanish
architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
who was highly influential on ''
Modernisme català'', the
Catalan Art Nouveau/
Jugendstil
''Jugendstil'' ("Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German counterpart of ...
movement. He was also a Catalan politician.
Born in
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
, he initially studied physics and natural sciences, but soon switched to architecture. He was registered as an architect in Barcelona in 1873. He also held a 45-year tenure as a professor and director at the
Escola d'Arquitectura, Barcelona's school of architecture, and wrote extensively on architecture in essays, technical books and articles in newspapers and journals.
His most famous buildings, the
Hospital de Sant Pau and
Palau de la Música Catalana
Palau de la Música Catalana (, en, Palace of Catalan Music) is a concert hall in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed in the Catalan '' modernista'' style by the architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner, it was built between 1905 and 1908 for ...
in Barcelona, have been collectively designated as a
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
.
As an architect, 45-year professor of architecture and prolific writer on architecture, Domènech i Montaner played an important role in defining the ''Modernisme arquitectonic'' in
Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy.
Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the nort ...
. This style has become internationally renowned, mainly due to the work of
Antoni Gaudí. Domènech i Montaner's article "
En busca d'una arquitectura nacional" (In search of a national architecture), published 1878 in the journal ''
La Renaixença'', reflected the way architects at that time sought to build structures that reflected the Catalan character.
His buildings displayed a mixture between
rationalism
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".Lacey, A.R. (1996), ''A Dictionary of Philosophy ...
and fabulous ornamentation inspired by Spanish-Arabic architecture, and followed the curvilinear design typical of Art Nouveau. In the ''
El castell dels 3 dragons'' restaurant in Barcelona (built for the
World's Fair
A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
in 1888), which was for many years the Zoological Museum, he applied very advanced solutions (a visible iron structure and ceramics). He later developed this style further in other buildings, such as the
Palau de la Música Catalana
Palau de la Música Catalana (, en, Palace of Catalan Music) is a concert hall in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed in the Catalan '' modernista'' style by the architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner, it was built between 1905 and 1908 for ...
in Barcelona (1908), where he made extensive use of mosaic, ceramics and stained glass, the
Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona, and the
Institut Pere Mata in
Reus
Reus () is the capital of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental importance at the time of the Phylloxera plague. Nowadays it is kno ...
.
Domènech i Montaner's work evolved towards more open structures and lighter materials, evident in the
Palau de la Música Catalana
Palau de la Música Catalana (, en, Palace of Catalan Music) is a concert hall in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed in the Catalan '' modernista'' style by the architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner, it was built between 1905 and 1908 for ...
. Other architects, like
Gaudí, tended to move in the opposite direction.
Domènech i Montaner also played a prominent role in the Catalan autonomist movement. He was a member of the
La Jove Catalunya
LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States.
La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music
* La (musical note), or A, the sixth note
* "L.A.", a song by Elliott Smith on ''Figure ...
and
El Centre Català
EL, El or el may refer to:
Religion
* El (deity), a Semitic word for "God"
People
* EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer
* El DeBarge, music artist
* El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American po ...
and later chaired the
Lliga de Catalunya
The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera División, commonly known simply as Primera División in Spain, and as La Liga in English-speaking countries and officially as LaLiga Santander for sponsorship reasons, stylized as LaLiga, is the men' ...
(1888) (Catalan League) and the
Unió Catalanista (1892) (Catalan Union). He was one of the organisers of the commission that approved the ''
Bases de Manresa
Bases may refer to:
*Bases (fashion), a military style of dress adopted by the chivalry of the sixteenth century
*Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students (BASES)
*the plural form of base (disambiguation)
*the plural form of basi ...
'', a list of demands for Catalan autonomy. He was a member of the
Centre Nacional Català
Center or centre may refer to:
Mathematics
*Center (geometry), the middle of an object
* Center (algebra), used in various contexts
** Center (group theory)
** Center (ring theory)
* Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentricit ...
(1889) and
Lliga Regionalista
Regionalist League of Catalonia ( ca, Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya, ; 1901–1936) was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain. It had a Catalanist, conservative, and monarchic ideology. Notable members of the party were Enric Prat de l ...
(1901), and was one of the four parliamentarians who won the so-called "candidature of the four presidents" in 1901. Though re-elected in 1903, he abandoned politics in 1904 to devote himself fully to archeological and architectural research.
He died in Barcelona in 1923 and was buried in the
Sant Gervasi Cemetery
Sant Gervasi Cemetery founded in 1853, is located in the district of Sarrià-Sant Gervasi in Barcelona, Spain. With an extension of 12,229 m², the area divided into two parts by a staircase leading to the cemetery chapel. It includes 4773 plots. N ...
in that city.
Education and teaching career
Born in Carrer Avinyó in Barcelona,
[Bohigas, Oriol. ''Cuadernos de arquitectura'', num.52. (1963).] he was the second son of Pere Domènech i Saló, a prestigious publisher and book-binder, and Maria Montaner i Vila, a member of a prosperous family from
Canet de Mar
Canet de Mar () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Arenys de Mar and Sant Pol de Mar. and el Montnegre ranges. It is a tourist centre, but is also known for the cultivatio ...
, where Domènech i Montaner spent much time in his home/office, now converted into a
museum
A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make thes ...
. After having studied physics and mathematics, he studied as an architect in Barcelona and at the school of architecture of the
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF; ), located on the Calle de Alcalá in the heart of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery. A public law corporation, it is integrated together with other Spanish royal acade ...
in Madrid, from where he graduated on 13 December 1873.
Having completed his studies, he travelled through France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany and Austria to gain experience of trends in architecture.
In 1875, as soon as the
Barcelona school of architecture opened, he joined it, along with his friend
Josep Vilaseca, as a teacher of topography and mineralogy. In 1877 he became professor of "Knowledge of materials and the application of physiochemical science to architecture". In 1899 he was appointed professor of "Architectural Composition" and project teacher. In 1900 he became director of the school of architecture, and between 1901 and 1905 he was substituted by
Joan Torras i Guardiola, Domènech at this time being in
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the Largest cities of the Europ ...
as a deputy in the Congress. He returned to the post from 1905 to 1920.
[Jaume Serrallonga i Gasch. ''Geometria i mecànica en el model de Gaudí''. 2003](_blank)
His teaching career lasted 45 years, and he exercised a considerable influence on what was to become
Modernisme
''Modernisme'' (, Catalan for "modernism"), also known as Catalan modernism and Catalan art nouveau, is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the search of a new entitlement of Catalan cultu ...
in Catalonia. With his colleague
Antoni Maria Gallissà he subsequently set up a workshop for advanced work on the decorative arts applied to architecture.
[Enciclopèdia.cat](_blank)
Architectural works
Domènech i Montaner's buildings combine structural rationality with extraordinary ornamentation inspired by Hispano-Arabic architectural tradition and by the curves typical of ''Modernisme''. They were in the architectural vanguard at the time, with the use of structural steel and the total utilization of exposed brickwork, and incorporated a profusion of
mosaic
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...
s, ceramics and stained glass, arranged in exquisite harmony.
As director of the School of Architecture he promoted a style that was adopted by many of his pupils.
Puig i Cadafalch regarded him as "a man of a certain period and of a certain artistic school, who was a sounding-board for developments in other countries, adapting them to his own character in an innovative way".
As the years went by, unlike many
Modernista architects, Domènech i Montaner's buildings tended to become lighter, reducing the amount of structural material but retaining ornamentation as a primary element.
Pre-''Modernista'' period
No sooner had Domènech graduated than he set out on a tour of Europe in the company of Josep Vilaseca, and was attracted by Prussian architecture. This, as well as Vilaseca's personality, had an influence on his subsequent work.
This influence can be seen in a number of Domènech's works from before 1878 (the year when he published his manifesto ''En busca d'una arquitectura nacional''): the Clavé family tomb and the Casa Montaner on the
Ronda de la Universitat, as well as a project for the provincial education institutions that was never built. These works can be regarded as pre-''Modernista''.
[ Bassegoda i Nonell, Joan. ''Modernisme a Catalunya'']
The building for the
Editorial Montaner i Simón (1879–1885) was in fact his first work after the manifesto and it employs
Mudejar decorative solutions while not abandoning Germanic influence and symbolism.
Domènech went beyond European manifestations, employing a forthright new language to implement an architectural approach founded on a new, integrated concept of all the arts. It was commissioned by his uncle Ramon Montaner i Vila, who also had him build his town house in Barcelona, the
Palau Ramon Montaner, and remodel the
Castell de Santa Florentina, his residence in
Canet de Mar
Canet de Mar () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Arenys de Mar and Sant Pol de Mar. and el Montnegre ranges. It is a tourist centre, but is also known for the cultivatio ...
.
Modernisme
Domènech received a number commissions associated with the
Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888)
The 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition (in Catalan: ''Exposició Universal de Barcelona'' and ''Exposición Universal de Barcelona'' in Spanish) was Spain's first International World's Fair
and ran from 8 April to 9 December 1888. It was also the ...
, thanks to his close friendship with
Elies Rogent, director of the School of Architecture and of the works for the Exposition. He was a member of the Mining Committee and the architect in charge of the improvement works on the
Parc de la Ciutadella. He also refurbished the
Barcelona City Hall to accommodate the
royal family during the event. The best-known of these works are undoubtedly the construction of the
Hotel Internacional, which no longer exists, but which was put up in a record time of 53 days,
[Notícies a ''La ilustración española y americana''](_blank)
/ref> and the cafe-restaurant known as the Castell dels Tres Dragons (now the Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona), the building that best expresses these new trends and is considered to mark the beginning of the ''Modernista'' period. The use of exposed chamfered brickwork and the use of exposed structural ironwork gives the building an industrial look, solid and compact on the lower levels but agile and transparent above, with its pierced parapets crowned by a pinnacle. The interior is an open space with two arches that support a stepped, symmetrical roof. Domènech incorporated the best of the applied arts and ornamental solutions that became permanent, such as the florid crowns of the capitals. Ceramics from the Pujol i Bausis factory were used, with designs by Antoni M. Gallissà, Josep Llimona, J.A. Pellicer and Alexandre de Riquer. There were also stained glass windows by Antoni Rigalt i Blanch, but these have now perished.[ Xavier Güell] The use of these techniques on the Montaner i Simón building inspired Hendrik Petrus Berlage
Hendrik Petrus Berlage (21 February 1856 – 12 August 1934) was a Dutch architect. He is considered one of the fathers of the architecture of the Amsterdam School.
Life and work
Hendrik Petrus Berlage, son of Nicolaas Willem Berlage and An ...
when he designed the Amsterdam bourse.
Subsequently, he designed private residences such as the Casa Navàs i Rull in Reus
Reus () is the capital of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental importance at the time of the Phylloxera plague. Nowadays it is kno ...
; the Casa Lleó Morera, the Casa Thomas in Barcelona and the Casa Solà Morales in Olot. In all of these he adopted an integral approach to ''modernisme'', with an intensive use of the applied arts, particularly sculpture, mosaic and stained glass.
The major works
At the height of his professional career, Domènech i Montaner took on his largest and most complex works, the ones for which he is most widely recognized. His work on these projects overlapped in time, and he was able to take advantage of the experience gained on each one. Much of the knowledge gained and many of the technical innovations employed on the Expo restaurant (the Castell dels Tres Dragons, now the geology museum) were later used in the design and construction of the Palau de la Música, and the avant-garde concepts applied in the Institut Pere Mata were later adopted and improved on at the Hospital de Sant Pau.
The Palau de la Música Catalana
Palau de la Música Catalana (, en, Palace of Catalan Music) is a concert hall in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed in the Catalan '' modernista'' style by the architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner, it was built between 1905 and 1908 for ...
and the Hospital de Sant Pau both won awards in the annual architectural competition organized by the Barcelona City Council, in 1905 and 1913 respectively. More recently UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
has declared them to be World Heritage
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
.
Institut Pere Mata
Before the 19th century came to an end, at the height of ''modernisme'', Domènech built the Institut Pere Mata, an institution for the mentally ill in Reus (1897–1919). It is an example of architecture at the service of people, without neglecting the purely aesthetic aspect. It was begun with the support of Pau Font de Rubinat, and marked an advance in the provision of medical services, at a time when there was growing support for a social approach to health. It consists of isolated pavilions organized along internal "streets", catering for all treatment needs. Domènech deploys an ornamental language in which nature helps lighten the spirit as it penetrates into all the rooms by way of the stained glass, ceramics and mosaics. A year later, he was to use the knowledge gained at the Institut for the medically innovative design of the Hospital de Sant Pau.
Palau de la Música Catalana
Domènech used very advanced structural solutions in this work, including laminated sections, a steel frame stabilized by a system of buttress
A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall. Buttresses are fairly common on more ancient buildings, as a means of providing support to act against the lateral ( ...
es and perimetral vaults of Gothic inspiration and large walls of glass.
This building is a paradigm of Domènech's work: the control of the interior space and the light by means of the double facade, the stylistic unity of all the applied arts—sculpture, mosaic, stained glass and wrought iron
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" ...
work. Domènech i Montaner worked with the usual artists on this work: the mosaicist Lluís Brú and the ceramicists Josep Orriols and Modest Sunyol, with stained glass by Rigalt i Granell and cement tiles by Escofet and sculptures by Miquel Blay, Eusebi Arnau, Didac Massana and Pau Gargallo.
Hospital de Sant Pau
The hospital project was informed by the growing concern at the time about health in the big cities. Domènech studied various solutions that had been used around Europe (Lariboisière Hospital
Lariboisière Hospital (french: Hôpital Lariboisière) is a hospital in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France.
The hospital was one of several built following the second cholera pandemic, which had reached Paris in 1832, and which led to a ...
in Paris, St. Thomas's in London, Brugmann in Laeken, Belgium and the military hospital in Toul
Toul () is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
It is a sub-prefecture of the department.
Geography
Toul is between Commercy and Nancy, and the river Moselle and Canal de la Marne au Rhin.
Climate
Toul ...
, France), and devised a totally innovative solution based on isolated pavilions linked by underground passages. With the combination of the Catalan vault
The Catalan vault ( ca, volta catalana), also called thin-tile vault, Catalan turn, Catalan arch, boveda ceiling (Spanish ''bóveda'' 'vault'), or timbrel vault, is a type of low brickwork arch forming a vaulted ceiling that often supports a floor ...
and steel structures like those employed at the Tres Dragons and the Palau, large, clear spaces were made possible. The sobriety of the brickwork so typical of Domènech's work is tempered by the warmth of the Montjuïc
Montjuïc () is a hill in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Etymology
Montjuïc translates to "Jewish Mountain" from medieval Latin and Catalan, and remains of a medieval Jewish cemetery have been found there. Some sources suggest that Montjuïc ...
stone, as is also the case in the Palau de la Música, with sculptures by Pau Gargallo and Francesc Madurell i Torres.[Web site of the Hospital de Sant Pau building](_blank)
/ref>
Writings
Domènech contributed to the leading Catalan publications: '' La Renaixença'', '' Lo Catalanista'', '' Revista de Catalunya'', '' El Diluvio'' and '' La Veu de Catalunya''. In 1904, after falling out with Francesc Cambó, he ceased to contribute to ''La Veu de Catalunya'' and founded the weekly '' El Poble Català''. He was also the author of many books, some technical works (''Historia general del arte: arquitectura'', 1886; ''Iluminación solar de los edificios'', 1877) and some political and social essays ("La política tradicional d'Espanya", 1898; "Estudis polítics", 1905, "Conservació de la personalitat de Catalunya", 1912, "La Política tradicional d'Espanya: com pot salvar-se'n Catalunya", 1919).
In an article entitled “En busca de una arquitectura nacional” (In search of a national architecture), published on 28 February 1878 in ''La Renaixença'', he set forth the guiding principles for a modern, national architecture for Catalonia.
He was also active as a publisher. He was editor of the ''Biblioteca Artes y Letras'', published by Editorial Domènech, the family firm, for which he also designed many book-covers, and which included the works of the country's best writers and translations of the most important European authors of the time. Between 1886 and 1897, the Editorial Montaner i Simón published under his direction the monumental ''Historia General del Arte''. Domènech also illustrated the first part, and it was continued by Josep Puig i Cadafalch.
In company with his friends Antoni M. Gallissà and Josep Font i Gumà and with members of the Centre Excursionista de Catalunya, he visited Romanesque churches in several parts of Catalonia; in 1904, those of Pallars, Ribagorça and Cerdanya; in 1905, those of Ripollès, Gironès
Gironès (; es, Gironés) is a comarca (county) in eastern Catalonia, Spain, bordering Selva, Baix Empordà, Alt Empordà, Pla de l'Estany and Garrotxa. , more than half of the comarca's 175,148 inhabitants live in the capital, Girona, which ...
, Vallespir, Rosselló and Vall d'Aran; and finally, in 1906 he visited the churches of Empordà
Emporda (from the official name in ca, Empordà, , name in es, Ampurdán, ) is a natural and historical region of Catalonia, Spain, divided since 1936 into two ''comarques'', Alt Empordà and Baix Empordà.
The city of Figueres, an important ...
, whose style he dubbed ''First Romanesque''. In this way Domènech collected material for his work on Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this lat ...
, and he provided the School of Architecture with an important photographic archive.[MNAC">Ressenya del Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, MNAC](_blank)
sobre l'exposició del 2006 sobre Domènech i Montaner
Political activity
Domènech became involved in politics at an early age, and in 1870 he helped to set up the Jove Catalunya foundation and the Centre Català, from which he separated in 1887. He joined the Lliga de Catalunya
The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera División, commonly known simply as Primera División in Spain, and as La Liga in English-speaking countries and officially as LaLiga Santander for sponsorship reasons, stylized as LaLiga, is the men' ...
, of which he became president in 1888, and in 1891 he founded the Unió Catalanista, of which he was the first president in 1892, with Enric Prat de la Riba as secretary. That same year he chaired the assembly that drew up the ''Bases de Manresa
Bases may refer to:
*Bases (fashion), a military style of dress adopted by the chivalry of the sixteenth century
*Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students (BASES)
*the plural form of base (disambiguation)
*the plural form of basi ...
'', a document that laid the foundations for the return of the historic rights acknowledged by the Catalan constitutions.
He pursued a policy of collaboration with Polavieja, who defended regionalist demands. He was also one of the signatories of the ''Manifest a la reina regent'' of 1898. The following year he joined the Centre Nacional Català
Center or centre may refer to:
Mathematics
*Center (geometry), the middle of an object
* Center (algebra), used in various contexts
** Center (group theory)
** Center (ring theory)
* Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentricit ...
which, on 25 April 1901, merged with the Unió Regionalista, constituting the Lliga Regionalista
Regionalist League of Catalonia ( ca, Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya, ; 1901–1936) was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain. It had a Catalanist, conservative, and monarchic ideology. Notable members of the party were Enric Prat de l ...
. The Lliga was made up of sectors of the middle class who were disappointed with the policies of Polavieja and mobilized by the Tancament de Caixes; it stood for a Catalonia that would be free, strong and autonomous.
Domènech's commitment to the defence of national identity was confirmed when he stood for the legislative elections of 19 May 1901, with the candidature known as the "quatre presidents" (four presidents).[Domènech i Montaner was involved as former president of the Ateneu Barcelonès] He was reelected in 1903, but he could not agree with the behaviour of Cambó during the visit by king Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alf ...
to Barcelona in 1904. It is thought that he was the author of an anonymous article which appeared on 14 April 1904 in the journal " Joventut". The author of the article accused the Barcelona city councillors of weakness in defending Catalan demands before the king. He left the Lliga Regionalista and founded the weekly " El Poble Català", around which he organized Esquerra Catalana. Being socially conservative, however, he gradually distanced himself from it and devoted himself to archaeological and historical research, producing ''Centcelles. Baptisteri i celler: memòria de la primitiva església metropolitana de Tarragona'' (1921), ''Història i arquitectura del monestir de Poblet'' (1925), ''La iniquitat de Casp i la fi del Comtat d'Urgell'' (1930) and ''Ensenyes nacionals de Catalunya'' (1936). The last three of these were published posthumously with the assistance of his son Fèlix Domènech i Roura.
His political activities and his research led him to be elected three times as president of the Ateneu Barcelonès (1898, 1911 and 1913). In 1881 he was the "mantenidor" of the Jocs Florals
Floral Games were any of a series of historically related poetry contests with floral prizes. In Occitan, their original language, and Catalan they are known as '' Jocs florals'' (; modern Occitan: ''Jòcs florals'' , or ''floraus'' ). In French ...
, and in 1895 he presided them. He became a member of what is now known as the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi (1901) and entered the Acadèmia de Bones Lletres in 1921.
Works
Badalona
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
Canet de Mar
Canet de Mar () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Arenys de Mar and Sant Pol de Mar. and el Montnegre ranges. It is a tourist centre, but is also known for the cultivatio ...
Comillas
l'Espluga de Francolí
L'Espluga de Francolí is a village in the province of Tarragona and autonomous community of Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' n ...
Esplugues de Llobregat
Esplugues de Llobregat () is a municipality of the Barcelona metropolitan area. Formerly in the ''Barcelonès'', since 1990 it has been part of the comarca of Baix Llobregat. During recent decades Esplugues has evolved from a predominantly indus ...
Olot
Palma
Reus
Reus () is the capital of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental importance at the time of the Phylloxera plague. Nowadays it is kno ...
Tarragona
Tarragona (, ; Phoenician: ''Tarqon''; la, Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the fifth century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tarr ...
Other works
* In Barcelona:
** Casa Maria Montaner in Ronda Universitat 4, was a building owned by his mother that architect reformed. Currently disappeared.
** Torre Simon, in Gràcia. It was the mansion of Josep Simon, member of Ramon de Montaner of the editorial Montaner i Simon. Currently, the space much modified and expanded, occupies the School Corma.
** Housing in Trafalgar 54, which has been refurbished.
*
* In Canet de Mar
Canet de Mar () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Arenys de Mar and Sant Pol de Mar. and el Montnegre ranges. It is a tourist centre, but is also known for the cultivatio ...
:
** Nau industrial Jover, Serra i Cia. (1899–1900) disappeared.
** Unfinished pantheon of the family Montaner-Malató (1899).
** Creu de Terme of l'Aubó (1908) partially disappeared.
*
* In Santander.
** Pantheon of Marquis of Satrústegui.
Sources
"Lluís Domènech i Montaner", Fundació Antoni Tàpies
''The Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
Wikipedia and the Catalan Wikipedia were used as sources for this article.''
References
Further reading
*Enric Ganell, Antoni Ramon, Lluis Domenech Girbau (2006): ''Lluis Domenech I Montaner: Travels Around Romanesque Architecture'', Collegi d'Arquitectes de Catalunya (COAC),
*Lluis Domenech I. Montaner (2006): ''Dom'nech Montaner'', Collegi D'Arquitectes de Catalunya, , (bilingual edition)
*Bancells, Consol, 'Guia del Modernisme a l'Eixample', Nou Art Thor Edicions, Barcelona, 1990, (Catalan).
*Bancells, Consol, 'Sant Pau, Hospital Modernista', Nou Art Thor Edicions, Barcelona, 1988 (Catalan).
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Domenech I Montaner, Lluis
1850 births
1923 deaths
Politicians from Barcelona
Architects from Catalonia
19th-century Spanish architects
Modernisme architects
20th-century Spanish architects