Ljubčo Georgievski
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Ljubčo Georgievski or Lyubcho Georgievski ( mk, Љубчо Георгиевски, ; bg, Любчо Георгиевски; born 17 January 1966) is a politician from
North Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ...
who served as the only Vice President of Macedonia and as the 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia, and is considered one of the pioneers of the country's independence.''20 years Macedonian independence'' (TV documentary film),
Macedonian Radio-Television Macedonian Radio Television (MRT; mk, Македонска радио-телевизија (МРТ), Makedonska radio-televizija (MRT)), officially National Radio-Television ( mk, Национална Радиотелевизија, Nacionalna ...
, 2011
He founded the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity and was the first party president from 1990 to 2004. Nevertheless, following accusations of being
pro-Bulgarian Bulgarophiles ( bg, българофили; Serbian and Macedonian бугарофили or бугараши ; ; ro, Bulgarofilii) is a term used for Slavic people from the regions of Macedonia and Pomoravlje who are ethnic Bulgarians. In Bulga ...
, Georgievski broke off with the party he founded and established the VMRO-NP, and later acquired
Bulgarian citizenship Bulgarian nationality law is governed by the Constitution of Bulgaria (article 25 and 26) of 1991 and the citizenship law of 1999 (with changes made in various years through to 2009). It is mainly based on jus sanguinis; however, it is possibl ...
.


Life

In his twenties he began to spread his pro-Macedonian independence, anti-Yugoslav and
anti-communist Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideology, ideological opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in the Russian Empire, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, w ...
politics among Macedonians. He first entered in the Movement for All-Macedonian Action and participated on the founding meeting of the party where he stated that MAAK has to be a movement for a
confederation A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign groups or states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...
. In the circles of the party he met with Boris Zmejkovski and
Dragan Bogdanovski Dragan Bogdanovski (18 September 1929, in Klečevce, Kingdom of Yugoslavia – 31 May 1998, in Fredericia, Denmark) was a Macedonian political emigrant, civil rights and anti-communist Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideol ...
. After he left the party he intended to create a new political movement. Dragan Bogdanovski who was a proclaimed Macedonian rights movement activist had made a blueprint for a ''Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity''. He had also made a
statute A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs the legal entities of a city, state, or country by way of consent. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. Statutes are rules made by le ...
, book of rules, and an instruction of how the party is going to work. Georgievski together with Bogdanovski, Zmejkovski and few others activists had agreed to make a party for independent Macedonia. The
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ( mk, Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за ...
was founded on 17 June 1990 and was the only political party in SR Macedonia that spoke for independence. On the first multi-party elections in 1990 Georgievski with his party had won the biggest number of seats in the
Macedonian Assembly The Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia ( mk, Собрание на Република Северна Македонија, sq, Kuvendi i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut), or the Sobranie ( mk, Собрание, "Assembly"), is t ...
. Refusing to make a coalition with the ethnic Albanian parties Georgievski had failed to make government and a
non-partisan Nonpartisanism is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias towards, a political party. While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of ''partisan'' includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers s ...
government came to power. After a new constitution was adopted in November 1990 he was elected a Vice President by the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia. Georgievski was active during the time when he was in
opposition Opposition may refer to: Arts and media * ''Opposition'' (Altars EP), 2011 EP by Christian metalcore band Altars * The Opposition (band), a London post-punk band * '' The Opposition with Jordan Klepper'', a late-night television series on Com ...
. In 1998 Georgievski won the
parliamentary elections A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
and became
Prime Minister of Macedonia } The prime minister of North Macedonia ( mk, Премиер на Северна Македонија, al, Kryeministri i Maqedonisë së Veriut), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia ( mk, Претсед ...
with a coalition government with the Democratic Alternative party and the
Democratic Party of Albanians The Democratic Party of Albanians ( sq, Partia Demokratike Shqiptare; mk, Демократска партија на Албанците, ''Demokratska Partija na Albancite'') or DPA is a political party of ethnic Albanians in North Macedonia. ...
. He led the republic during the Macedonian insurgency in 2001 and later signed the
Ohrid Agreement The Ohrid Framework Agreement ( mk, Охридски рамковен договор, Ohridski ramkoven dogovor) was the peace deal signed by the government of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) and representatives of the Albanian ...
. During this period, he was accused by the opposition of implementing pro-Bulgarian policies. Georgievski resigned from his party in 2003 after he lost the 2002 elections. In recent years he is the president of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - People's Party. Georgievski is the founder of the right wing party
VMRO-DPMNE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ( mk, Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за ...
. When the wars of Yugoslav succession started and the region was heading in for independence, Georgievski emerged as one of the strongest voices of opposition to challenge the Communist ruling structure, and succeeded in gaining strong public support. During his time in government (1998–2002), his coalition introduced strong reforms within the State administration, introduced the
VAT A value-added tax (VAT), known in some countries as a goods and services tax (GST), is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally. It is levied on the price of a product or service at each stage of production, distribution, or sale to the en ...
system, started denationalisation, and adopted the pension system law. The Government managed to achieve very good financial results; foreign currency reserves were almost doubled, and a large budget surplus was also gained. In 2001, in
Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
, Georgievski signed the EU backed
Stabilization and Association Agreement In talks with countries that have expressed a wish to join the European Union, the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in that country. In exchange, th ...
. His political agenda was nevertheless questioned during the short conflict ignited by the ethnic Albanian guerrillas and Macedonian armed forces in 2001. The conflict ended with the signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement, which pledged greater rights for the Albanian minority. Georgievski was accused of direct involvement in the conflict, to the point of having ignited it, for personal benefits. Shortly after he lost the elections in 2002 to the opposition party
SDSM The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia ( mk, Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија – СДСМ, ''Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija'' – SDSM, sq, Lidhja socialdemokrate e Maqedonisë – LSDM) is a ...
, accusations of corruption followed, thus considerably lowering his political profile. He eventually broke off with the party he once founded, due to ideological incompatibility with his once Finance Minister
Nikola Gruevski Nikola Gruevski ( mk, Никола Груевски, pronounced ; hu, Nikola Gruevszki; born 31 August 1970) is a Macedonian politician who served as Prime Minister of Macedonia from 2006 until his resignation, which was caused by the 2016 Mace ...
and founded VMRO-NP. Despite the members of the party not considering themselves
Bulgarians Bulgarians ( bg, българи, Bǎlgari, ) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and the rest of Southeast Europe. Etymology Bulgarians derive their ethnonym from the Bulgars. Their name is not completely understo ...
, they strongly declare their
Bulgarophilia Bulgarophiles ( bg, българофили; Serbian and Macedonian бугарофили or бугараши ; ; ro, Bulgarofilii) is a term used for Slavic people from the regions of Macedonia and Pomoravlje who are ethnic Bulgarians. In Bulgari ...
and criticize the official statements about the Macedonian history issued by the politicians and historians in the country. In
North Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ...
, Georgievski has a reputation for being a Bulgarophile intellectual. In 2006 Georgievski applied for and was granted
Bulgarian citizenship Bulgarian nationality law is governed by the Constitution of Bulgaria (article 25 and 26) of 1991 and the citizenship law of 1999 (with changes made in various years through to 2009). It is mainly based on jus sanguinis; however, it is possibl ...
, declaring
Bulgarian Bulgarian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria * Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group * Bulgarian language, a Slavic language * Bulgarian alphabet * A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria * Bul ...
descent.


Literary work

In 1988 Georgievski graduated from the
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje The Saints Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje ( mk, Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“ во Скопје) is the oldest and largest List of universities in North Macedonia, public university in North Macedonia. ...
, specializing in comparative literature. He is the author of two poetry books (''Apocalypse'' and ''City'') and one collection of short stories (''Direct Interventions with Short Stories into the Anatomic Structure of History''). In late summer of 2007 Georgievski published his book "С лице към истината" ("Facing the truth") in Bulgaria. In it he reveals his attitude to Macedonian identity and
Bulgarian Bulgarian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria * Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group * Bulgarian language, a Slavic language * Bulgarian alphabet * A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria * Bul ...
past in the
Republic of Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. It ...
. In the Summer of 2012 Georgievski published his autobiographical book "''It's me''". There he reveals a range of new things of the unknown history of the country, including the fact that he together with his Serbian counterpart
Zoran Đinđić Zoran Đinđić ( sr-Cyrl, Зоран Ђинђић, ; 1 August 1952 – 12 March 2003) was a Serbian politician who served as the prime minister of Serbia from 2001 until his assassination in 2003. He was the mayor of Belgrade in 1997. Đinđi ...
, discussed the exchange of territories between Macedonia,
Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
and
Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...
. The book confirms that in 1999 he was summoned to the
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. ...
, where former
U.S. Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...
Madeleine Albright Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelová; May 15, 1937 – March 23, 2022) was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary of state from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Democratic ...
, sought permission from Macedonia ground forces of
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
to attack
Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
from the territory of the country. Among other things, he wrote that he had spent 15 minutes talking to former Serbian and Yugoslav President
Slobodan Milošević Slobodan Milošević (, ; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the president of Serbia within Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1997 (originally the Socialist Republic of Serbia, a constituent republic of ...
while he was visiting former Macedonian Interior Minister
Ljube Boškoski Ljube Boškoski ( mk, Љубе Бошкоски, ) (born 24 October 1960 in Čelopek, Brvenica Municipality, SR Macedonia, now North Macedonia), known among his supporters as "Brother Ljube" ( mk, Брат Љубе, Brat Ljube), is a Macedonian ...
in the Scheveningen prison. Regarding the current state-political situation of the country, Georgievski concluded that today "the Macedonians are the biggest counterfeiters of the Balkan history". According to him the present development of the
VMRO-DPMNE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ( mk, Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за ...
is his personal failure. Georgievski claims, today it is a fake party without any ideology.


Professional and political biography

* 1990–2002 President of the
VMRO-DPMNE Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity ( mk, Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за ...
* 1991 Vice President of Macedonia * 1992–1995 Representative in the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia * 1995–1998 Consulting in BS Consulting-Skopje * 1998–2002 Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia * 2002–2007 President of VMRO-NP * 2012– nowadays President of VMRO-NP


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Georgievski, Ljubco 1966 births Living people People from Štip Prime Ministers of North Macedonia Macedonian people of Bulgarian descent Vice presidents VMRO – People's Party politicians VMRO-DPMNE politicians Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje alumni