This is a list of current and former female monarchs, including

queens regnant A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank and title to a king, who reigns ''suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a "kingdom"; as opposed to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning ...

, empresses regnant,

pharaohs Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: '' pr ꜥꜣ''; cop, , Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') is the vernacular term often used by modern authors for the kings of ancient Egypt who ruled as monarchs from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BC) until the ...

and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess etc.). If the queen ruled as a regent, this is indicated by "(regent)" following the name. Where a queen had no powers but only the title, "(titular)" is added instead. Queen consorts (i.e. wives to male monarchs) are not included. The following is an incomplete list of queens who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling queens (such as those from Africa and

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...

) are omitted. Section 1 lists

Queens regnant A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank and title to a king, who reigns ''suo jure'' (in her own right) over a realm known as a "kingdom"; as opposed to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning ...

: Queens who ruled in their own right. Section 2 lists Queens regent: Queens who have ruled on behalf of a monarch who was a minor, absent or incapacitated. Section 3 lists Legendary queens. Section 4 lists Titular queens: Queens who ruled in their own right, but had no constitutional standing or regal powers while in power. Section 5 lists various female leaders who were referred to as "Chieftainess."

Queens regnant

Africa

North Africa

= Algeria

Hoggar The Hoggar Mountains ( ar, جبال هقار, Berber: ''idurar n Ahaggar'') are a highland region in the central Sahara in southern Algeria, along the Tropic of Cancer. The mountains cover an area of approximately 550,000 km. Geography This ...

Tin Hinan Tin Hinan was a 4th-century Tuareg queen. What may be her monumental tomb is located in the Sahara, at Abalessa in the Hoggar region of Algeria. Queen of the Hoggar Legends Tin Hinan is sometimes referred to as "Queen of the Hoggar", and by th ...

Ahaggar The Hoggar Mountains ( ar, جبال هقار, Berber: ''idurar n Ahaggar'') are a highland region in the central Sahara in southern Algeria, along the Tropic of Cancer. The mountains cover an area of approximately 550,000 km. Geography This ...

(ruled c. 4th-century) Jarawa *

Kahina Al-Kahina ( ar, الكاهنة, , the diviner), also known as Dihya, was a Berber queen of the Aurès and a religious and military leader who led indigenous resistance to the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the region then known as Numidia notably ...

(ruled c. 690–703)

= Egypt

= Indigenous dynasties Hatshepsut-CollosalGraniteSphinx02 MetropolitanMuseum

Sobekneferu , image = File:Statue of Sobekneferu (Berlin Egyptian Museum 14475).jpg , image_alt = Partially defaced bust of a female , caption = Statue of Sobekneferu , reign = 3 years, 10 months, and 24 days according to the Turin Canon in the mid 18th ...

(r. 1806-1802 BC) of the

Twelfth Dynasty The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom by Egyptologists. It often is combined with the Eleventh, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth dynasties under the group title, Middle Kingdom. Some ...

– Sobekneferu was the first ''confirmed'' female ruler of Egypt, although

Nitocris Nitocris ( el, Νίτωκρις) possibly was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt's Sixth Dynasty. Her name is found in Herodotus' '' Histories'' (430BC) and in writings by the 3rd-century BC Manetho, but her historicity has been questioned. If she ...

may have ruled in the

Sixth Dynasty The Sixth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty VI), along with the Third, Fourth and Fifth Dynasty, constitutes the Old Kingdom of Dynastic Egypt. Pharaohs Known pharaohs of the Sixth Dynasty are listed in the table below. Manetho acc ...

, and there are five other women who are believed to have ruled as early as the First Dynasty *

Hatshepsut Hatshepsut (; also Hatchepsut; Egyptian: '' ḥꜣt- špswt'' "Foremost of Noble Ladies"; or Hatasu c. 1507–1458 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh, af ...

(c. 1479-1458 BC) of the Eighteenth Dynasty *

Neferneferuaten Ankhkheperure-Merit-Neferkheperure/Waenre/Aten Neferneferuaten ( egy, nfr-nfrw-jtn) was a name used to refer to a female pharaoh who reigned toward the end of the Amarna Period during the Eighteenth Dynasty. Her sex is confirmed by feminine ...

of the Eighteenth Dynasty (possibly

Nefertiti Neferneferuaten Nefertiti () ( – c. 1330 BC) was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, the great royal wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti and her husband were known for a radical change in national religious policy, in which ...

Meritaten Meritaten, also spelled Merytaten, Meritaton or Meryetaten ( egy, mrii.t-itn) (14th century BC), was an ancient Egyptian royal woman of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Her name means "She who is beloved of Aten"; Aten being the sun-deity whom h ...

or Neferneferuaten Tasherit) *

Twosret Twosret, also spelled ''Tawosret'' or ''Tausret'' (d. 1189 BC conventional chronology) was the last known ruler and the final pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She is recorded in Manetho's Epitome as a certain ''Thuoris, who in Homer ...

(d. 1189 BC) of the Nineteenth Dynasty Kleopatra-VII

Ptolemaic dynasties

Ptolemy II ; egy, Userkanaenre Meryamun Clayton (2006) p. 208 , predecessor = Ptolemy I , successor = Ptolemy III , horus = ''ḥwnw-ḳni'Khunuqeni''The brave youth , nebty = ''wr-pḥtj'Urpekhti''Great of strength , gold ...

instituted a new practice of brother-sister marriage when he married his full sister,

Arsinoe II Arsinoë II ( grc-koi, Ἀρσινόη, 316 BC – unknown date between July 270 and 260 BC) was a Ptolemaic queen and co-regent of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of ancient Egypt. She was given the Egyptian title "King of Upper and Lower Egypt", makin ...

. They became, in effect, co-rulers, and both took the epithet Philadelphus ("Brother-Loving" and "Sister-Loving"). Because of this custom many of the kings ruled jointly with their spouses, who were also of the royal house. The only Ptolemaic Queens who ruled alone were

Cleopatra II Cleopatra II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; c. 185 BC – 116/115 BC) was a queen of Ptolemaic Egypt who ruled from 175 to 115 BC with two successive brother-husbands and her daughter—often in rivalry with her brother Ptolemy VIII. She co- ...

Berenice III Berenice III (Greek: Βερενίκη; 120–80 BC) was also known as Cleopatra, ruled between 101 and 80 BC. Modern scholars studying Berenice III refer to her sometimes as Cleopatra Berenice. She was co-ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt from 101–8 ...

and

Berenice IV Berenice IV Epiphaneia ( grc-gre, Βερενίκη; 77–55 BC, born and died in Alexandria, Egypt) was a Greek princess and Queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty. From 58–55 BC, Berenice IV ruled Egypt during the political exile of her father Ptolemy ...

Cleopatra VI Cleopatra VI Tryphaena ( el, Κλεοπάτρα Τρύφαινα) or Cleopatra Tryphaena II (died c. 57 BC) was a queen of Ptolemaic Egypt who ruled alongside Berenice IV, who was either her sister or daughter. Although called ''Cleopatra VI Try ...

did co-rule, but it was with another female, Berenice IV.

Cleopatra VII Cleopatra VII Philopator ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ}, "Cleopatra the father-beloved"; 69 BC10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler.She was also a ...

officially co-ruled with

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ, ''Ptolemaĩos''; c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC) ...

, Ptolemy XIV, and Ptolemy XV, but effectively, she ruled Egypt alone *

(277-270 BC) *

Berenice II Berenice II Euergetis (267 or 266 BC – 221 BC; , '' Berenikē Euergetis'', "Berenice the Benefactress") was queen regnant of Cyrenaica from 258 BC to 246 BC and co-regent queen of Ptolemaic Egypt from 246 BC to 222 BC as the wife of Ptolemy III. ...

(246-222 BC) *

Arsinoe III Arsinoe III Philopator ( grc, Ἀρσινόη ἡ Φιλοπάτωρ, which means "Arsinoe the father-loving", 246 or 245 BC – 204 BC) was Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt in 220 – 204 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy III and Berenice II. She was ...

(220-204 BC) *

Cleopatra I Cleopatra I Syra (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα ἡ Σύρα; c. 204 – 176 BC) was a princess of the Seleucid Empire, Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy V of Egypt, and regent of Egypt during the minority of their son, Ptolemy VI ...

(193-176 BC) *

(175-164, 163–127, 124-116 BC) *

Cleopatra III Cleopatra III ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα; c.160–101 BC) was a queen of Egypt. She ruled at first with her mother Cleopatra II and husband Ptolemy VIII from 142 to 131 BC and again from 127 to 116 BC. She then ruled with her sons Ptole ...

(142-131, 127-101 BC) *

Cleopatra IV Cleopatra IV ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα) was Queen of Egypt briefly from 116 to 115 BC, jointly with her husband Ptolemy IX Lathyros. She later became queen consort of Syria as the wife of Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The ...

(116-115 BC) *

(101-88, 81-80 BC) * Cleopatra V (79-69 BC) *

(58-57 BC) *

(58-55 BC) *

(51-30 BC) * Arsinoe IV (48-47 BC) Bahri Mamluk dynasty *

Shajar al-Durr Shajar al-Durr ( ar, شجر الدر, lit=Tree of Pearls), also Shajarat al-Durr (), whose royal name was al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr (; from her nickname , 'mother of Khalil'; died 28 April 1257), was a ruler of Eg ...

(ruled 1250)

= Libya

= Cyrene *

Cleopatra Selene II Cleopatra Selene II ( Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; summer 40 BC – BC; the numeration is modern) was a Ptolemaic princess, Queen of Numidia (briefly in 25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC – 5 BC) and Queen of Cyrenaica (34 BC – 30 BC). ...

(ruled 34–30 BC) – also known as ''Cleopatra VIII''. In 75 BC, Cyrene became part of a Roman province, but it was restored to the

Ptolemies The Ptolemaic dynasty (; grc, Πτολεμαῖοι, ''Ptolemaioi''), sometimes referred to as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, ''Lagidae;'' after Ptolemy I's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek royal dynasty which ruled the Ptolemaic ...

Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the au ...

in 37 BC. In 34 BC

and Antony's daughter, Cleopatra Selene II, was made Queen of Cyrene, but the city returned to Rome following

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...

' conquest of Egypt in 30 BC

= Sudan

Kandake Kandake, kadake or kentake ( Meroitic: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 ''kdke''),Kirsty Rowan"Revising the Sound Value of Meroitic D: A Phonological Approach,"''Beitrage zur Sudanforschung'' 10 (2009). often Latinised as Candace ( grc, Κανδάκη, ''Kandak� ...

was a title for queens, queen mothers, and queens consort in

Nubia Nubia () ( Nobiin: Nobīn, ) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile (just south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the confluence of the Blue and White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sud ...

, but ruling

s may have included: *

Shanakdakhete Shanakhdakheto or Shanakdakhete was a Queen of the Kingdom of Kush, when the polity was centered at Meroë, an ancient city in north Sudan. She is the earliest known ruling African queen of ancient Nubia, and reigned from c. 170–150 BC, although ...

(ruled 177–155 BCE) *

Amanirenas Queen Amanirenas (also spelled Amanirena), described by Strabo as being blind in one eye, was queen of the Kingdom of Kush from c. 40 BC to c. 10 BC. Her full title was ''Amnirense qore li kdwe li'' ("Ameniras, qore and kandake"). Meroitic, the in ...

(ruled 40–10 BCE) *

Amanishakheto Amanishakheto was a Kandake of Kush. She seems to have reigned from 10 BC to 1 AD, although most dates of Kushite history before the Middle Ages are very uncertain. In Meroitic hieroglyphs her name is written "Amanikasheto" (''Mniskhte'' or ''( ...

(ruled c. 10 BCE–1 CE) *

Nawidemak Nawidemak was a Kandake of Kush who ruled either early in the 1st century BC or 1st century AD. She is known from the wall relief of her burial chamber, as well as a gold plaque. She may also have been one of the Kandakes referred to in the New ...

Amanitore Amanitore (early or mid-1st century CE), also spelled Amanitere or Amanitare, was a Nubian Kandake, or queen regnant, of the ancient Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë, which also is referred to as Nubia in many ancient sources. Alternative spellings inc ...

(ruled 1–20 CE) - she ruled with her husband or son Natakamani * Amanikhatashan (ruled 62–85) * Patrapeamani ( :de:Patrapeamani) * Amanipilade

West Africa

= Benin

= Hogbonu * Hude (ruled 1746–1752)

= Gambia

= *

Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states durin ...

(reigned 1965–1970)

= Ghana

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1957–1960) Akan state of Denkyira * Amoako Atta Yiadom (ruled 1770–1793), ''Denkyirahene'' Akan state of Dwaben * Ama Serwah (ruled 1838–1846), ''Dwabenhene'' * Unknown Dwabenhene (ruled 1846-18??) *

Nana Juaben Serwah II Nana, Nanna, Na Na or NANA may refer to: People and fictional characters * Nana (given name), including a list of people and characters with the given name * Nana (surname), including a list of people and characters with the surname * Nana ...

(ruled 1959–19??), ''Dwabenhene''

= Guinea-Bissau

Orango Orango is one of the Bijagós Islands, located off the coast of mainland Guinea-Bissau. At , it is the largest island in the archipelago. The island has a population of 1,250 (2009 census); the largest village is Eticoga.

* Okinka Aurelia Correia (ruled r. 1830–1874/1879) * Okinka Pampa Kanyimpa (ruled c. 1910–1930)

Roxa Roxa
in the Catalogue of Islands at Okinka Juliana (ruled early 1900s) * Okinka Idiana Ibop (ruled until 1920s)

= Côte d'Ivoire

= Baoule * Pokou (ruled c. 1750–c. 1760) – Queen and founder of the Baoule tribe *

Akwa Boni Akwa Boni (died c. 1790), was a sovereign Queen of the Baoulé people. The niece of Queen Pokou, she inherited the throne in around 1760 and ruled until her death in about 1790. She expanded the territory of the Baoulé, crossing the Bandama River ...

(ruled c. 1760–c. 1790) Pokou's niece who succeeded her to the throne

= Nigeria

= * Elizabeth II (1960–1963)

Bornu Empire Bornu may refer to: * Bornu Empire, a historical state of West Africa * Borno State Borno State is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered by Yobe to the west, Gombe to the southwest, and Adamawa to the south while it ...

* Aissa Koli Daura * Kufuru * Ginu * Yakumo * Yakunya * Wanzamu * Yanbamu * Gizir-gizir * Inna-Gari * Daurama * Ga-Wata * Shata * Fatatuma * Sai-Da-Mata * Ja-Mata * Ha-Mata * Zama * Sha-Wata * Daurama II Igodomigodo * Emose (584–600) * Orrorro (600–618) Ondo Kingdom * Pupupu, founder and ruler of the Ondo Kingdom c. 1510.

Zazzau The Zazzau, also known as the Zaria Emirate, is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The current emir of Zazzau is Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli who succeeded the former emir, late Alhaji Shehu Idris. Ea ...

Amina Aminatu (also Amina; died 1610) was a Hausa Muslim historical figure in the city-state Zazzau (now city of Zaria in Kaduna State), in what is now in the north-west region of Nigeria. She might have ruled in the mid-sixteenth century. A controv ...

– There is controversy among scholars as to the date of her reign, one school placing her in the mid-15th century, and a second placing her reign in the mid to late 16th century

Yoruba people The Yoruba people (, , ) are a West African ethnic group that mainly inhabit parts of Nigeria, Benin, and Togo. The areas of these countries primarily inhabited by Yoruba are often collectively referred to as Yorubaland. The Yoruba constitut ...

* Ooni Luwoo

Oyo Empire The Oyo Empire was a powerful Yoruba empire of West Africa made up of parts of present-day eastern Benin and western Nigeria (including Southwest zone and the western half of Northcentral zone). It grew to become the largest Yoruba-speaking s ...

Orompoto Orompoto (also spelled Oronpoto) was an Alaafin of the Yoruba Oyo Empire. The empire of which she ruled is located in what is modern day western and north-central Nigeria. History Orompoto was the sister of her predecessor, Eguguojo. She became t ...

= Senegal

Lingeer Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonia ...

's leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch. * Lingeer Fatim Beye (ruled c. 1335) *

Lingeer Ndoye Demba Linguere Ndoye Demba Joos Fadiou, also known as Ndoye Demba in Senegambian dynastic history, was a Serer princess from the Kingdom of Sine (now part of present-day Senegal), from the later half of the 14th century to the 15th century. The royal ...

(ruled c. 1367) – she was the founder of the Serer Joos Maternal Dynasty * Lingeer Ngoné Dièye * Njembot Mbodj * Ndaté Yalla Mbodj * Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof

= Sierra Leone

= * Elizabeth II (1961–1971)

Koya Koya may refer to: Places Iraq * Koya; ( ar, كيويسنجق), a town in Iraqi Kurdistan ** Koya University, a university in that town Japan * Mount Kōya, a mountain in Japan ** Kōya, Wakayama, a town on the top of Mount Kōya * Kōya Stati ...

* Fatima Brima Kama, Alikali (ruled 1826–1840), ''Bai''

Central Africa

= Angola

= Jaga (kingdom), Jaga * Mussasa (17th century) * Tembandumba Matamba Ann Zingha

* Mwongo Matamba (ruled ?–1631) – she was captured and deposed by Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba, Ana Nzinga in 1631 * Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba, Ana I de Sousa Nzinga Mbande (ruled 1631–1663) * Barbara of Matamba, Barbara (ruled 1663–1666) * Verónica I of Matamba, Verónica I Guterres Kandala Kingwanga (ruled 1681–1721) * Ana II of Matamba, Ana II (ruled 1742–1756) * Verónica II of Matamba, Verónica II (ruled 1756–1758) * Ana III of Matamba, Ana III (ruled 1758–1767) Mbunda Kingdom * Vamwene Naama * Vamwene Yamvu * Vamwene Mbaao ya Chinguli (ruled 1500s–early 1600s) * Vamwene Kaamba ka Mbaao * Vamwene Mukenge wa Lweembe, Livindamo Ndongo * Ana de Sousa Nzinga Mbande (ruled 1624–1626 and 1657–1663) * Mukambu Mbandi (ruled 1663–1671) Kingdom of Jinga * Kamana, Queen of Jinga, Kamana Kingdom of kongo There were two female monarchs during Kongo Civil War. * Ana Afonso de Leão, queen of Kinlaza * Suzana de Nóbrega (:pt:Suzana de Nóbrega), queen of Kimpanzu

= Cameroon

= * Soukda, founder of Mandara Kingdom (ruled c. 1500) * Ngoungoure, queen of Kingdom of Bamum, Bamum (ruled 1865) – her rule lasted 30 minutes

East Africa

= Comoros

= Ndzuwani (Anjouan) * Alimah I (ruled during the 16th century – unknown start date, reigned ended in c. 1590) * Alimah II (ruled c. 1632–c. 1676) * Alimah III (ruled c. 1676–c. 1711) * Halimah IV, Alimah IV (ruled 1788–1792) – she was the ''de facto'' ruler of Anjouan with sultan Abdallah I during his reigns in 1782–1788 and 1792–1796 Bamboa * Nyau wa Faume Itsandra * Fey Beja waWabeja, ''Mfalme'' Bajini * Ja Mhaba, ''Mfalme'' * Hadija bint Ahmed, ''Mfalme'' Mohéli, Mwali * Djoumbé Fatima, Raketaka Jombe Sudy (ruled 1842–1865 and 1874–1878) – she also ruled as regent twice, 1865–1868 and 1871–1874. After 1851 she took the name of ''Jumbe Fatima bint Abderremane'' * Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara (ruled 1888–1909) Ethiopia empress zauditu

= Ethiopia

= * Zewditu I of Ethiopia, Zewditu (ruled 1916–1930) Sultanate of Harar * Bati del Wambara

= Kenya

= * Elizabeth II (1963–1964) Names taken from ''Female Rule in the Indian Ocean World (1300–1900)''. * Mwana Masuru * Maryamu * Mwana Mkisi * Mwana Inali * Mwana Darini binti Bwana Mkuu bin Abubakar * Asha binti Muhammad * Mwanai Mimi * Mwana Khadija binti Omari

= Madagascar

= * Rangita (ruled 1520–1530) * Rafohy (ruled 1530–1540) * Ranavalona I (ruled 1828–1861) * Rasoherina of Madagascar, Rasoherina (ruled 1863–1868) * Ranavalona II (ruled 1868–1883) * Ranavalona III of Madagascar, Ranavalona III (ruled 1883–1897) The female monarchs of Madagascar traditional states were: Ambohidratrimo * Ramananandrianjaka Rambolamasoandro * Rabehety Boina Kingdom * Andrianaginarivo (ruled 1777–1778) * Queen Tombola, Tombola (ruled 1778) * Ravahiny (ruled 1778–1808) * Oantitsy (ruled 1832–1836) * Tsiomeko of Boina, Tsiomeko (ruled 1836–1840) Menabe * Bibiasa Bemihisatra * Safy Mozongo (ruled 1869–1881) – she was the mother of Binao * Binao Bemazava * Irana Andriamamelonarivo * Tsiresy I Andriamanomponarivo * Tsiresy II Nenimoana Antankarana * Ambary of Antankarana * Soanaomby Imarovatana * Ramanandrianjaka II Ravorombato Betsimisaraka people, Betsimisaraka * Bety of Betsimisaraka

= Mauritius

= * Elizabeth II (1968–1992)

= Somaliland

= Sultanate of Ifat * Walashma dynasty, Māti Layla Abūd (14th century)

= South Sudan

= Shilluk Kingdom * Abudok (:fr:Abudok), the eighth ruler (and only queen) of the Shilluk

= Tanzania

= * Elizabeth II (1961–1962) * Therese Ntare VI of Heru Names taken from ''Female Rule in the Indian Ocean World (1300–1900)''. * Mwana Aziz * Mwana Miveni * Mwana Aisha * Mwana Fatuma binti Darhash * Mwana Hadiya * Mwana Mize binti Muaba * Mwana Mwema, queen of Unguja (ruled ?–1653) * Fatuma binti Yusuf al-Alawi, Fatuma binti Yussuf, queen of Unguja (ruled (?–1698 and 1709–1715) * Mwana wa Mwana * Mwanzuani * Mwana Khazija binti Ngwali * Fatuma binti Ali * Sabini binti Ngumi

= Uganda

= * Elizabeth II (1962–1963) Bunyoro * Masamba of Bunyoro (early 17th century) (5 Years)

Southern Africa

= Malawi

= * Elizabeth II (1964–1966)

= Namibia

= Gciriku * Nandundu (ruled 1830–1832) Kwangali * Kanuni (hompa) Oukwanyama kingdom * Martha Mwadinomho Nelumbu

= South Africa

= * Elizabeth II (1952–1961) Lobedu people The Rain Queen, Modjadji or Rain Queen is the hereditary queen regnant, queen of Lobedu people, Lobedu, the people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The succession to the position of Rain Queen is matrilineal succession, matrilineal, meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall. * Majaji (ruled c. 350 AD) * Maselekwane Modjadji (1800–1854) * Masalanabo Modjadji (1854–1894) * Khetoane Modjadji (1895–1959) * Makoma Modjadji (1959–1980) * Mokope Modjadji (1981–2001) * Makobo Modjadji (2003–2005)

= Zambia

= * Mamochisane, queen of Makololo tribe (c. 1851)

= Zimbabwe

= * Queen of Rhodesia (1965–1970)

The Americas

North America

= Canada

= * Queen Victoria, Victoria (ruled 1837–1901) * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

= Mexico

= Cobá * Che'enal (ruled c.565–c.574) * Lady Yopaat (:sv:Lady Yopaat) (ruled c.600–c.640) * Lady K’awiil Ajaw (ruled 640–682) Ecatepec * Tlapalizquixochtzin (ruled late 15th-early 16th century) Palenque ZacKukProfile

* Ix Yohl Ik'nal (ruled 583–604) * Sak K'uk', also known as Sak K'uk', Muwaan Mat (ruled 612–615) Tepetlaoztoc * Azcasuch (ruled late 15th-early 16th century) Zacoalco de Torres, Tzacoalco * Malinxalchitl

Central America and the Caribbean

= Antigua and Barbuda

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1981–2022)

= Bahamas

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1973–2022)

= Barbados

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1966–2021)

= Belize

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1981–2022)

= Grenada

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1974–2022)

= Guatemala

= El Perú (Maya site), El Perú * Lady K'abel Naranjo * Lady Six Sky, Wac Chanil Ahau, also known as Lady Six Sky Tikal * Unen Bahlam (ruled c. 317) * Lady of Tikal (ruled 511–527?)

= Jamaica

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1962–2022)

= Saint Kitts and Nevis

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1983–2022)

= Saint Lucia

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1979–2022)

= Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1979–2022)

South America

= Brazil

= * Maria I of Portugal, Maria I (ruled 1815–1816)

= Ecuador

= Cochasquí *Quilago Quito *Paccha Duchicela

= Guyana

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1966–1970)

= Suriname

= * Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana (reigned 1954–1975)

= Trinidad and Tobago

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1962–1976)

Asia

East Asia

= China

* Wu Zetian () – Empress regnant of China, ruling from 690 to 705. She was the only orthodox reigning empress in the history of China. Although Wu Zetian is the only undisputed empress regnant recognized in orthodox Chinese historiography, there are two other documented cases of a woman holding the title of "Empress regnant" in Chinese history: * Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei (; ruled 1–2 April 528) – during Northern Wei Dynasty, Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei), Empress Dowager Hu, after her son Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei's death, falsely declared Emperor Xiaoming's daughter to be a son and declared the daughter to be the new ruler, but almost immediately revealed that the child was in fact female, and thereafter declared Yuan Zhao, the young son of Emperor Xiaoming's cousin Yuan Baohui (元寶暉) emperor. Emperor Xiaoming's daughter is also therefore not usually considered a true monarch. * Chen Shuozhen (ruled 653) – She led a peasant uprising in 653. During the rebellion, she declared herself Emperor. Sumpa In Tibet, there was "Kingdom of Women ()" related to Sumpa. Several queens regnant of there were recorded in Chinese history books. * Supi Mojie () * Dajiawa () * Qibangsun () * Tangpangshi ()s:zh:舊唐書/卷197, Old Book of Tang, vol. 197 * Lianbi () * Eyaner () * Zhaoyefu ()

= Japan

* Himiko, Queen Himiko, of Yamatai (ruled 189–248) * Toyo (Japan), Queen Toyo, of Yamatai (ruled 3rd century) * Empress Suiko (554–628), (ruled 593–628) – first ruling empress * Empress Kōgyoku (594–661), (ruled 642–645 and 655–661) – formerly Princess Takara (Empress Consort of Jomei) * Empress Jitō (645–702), (ruled 690–697) * Empress Genmei (661–721), (ruled 707–715) * Empress Genshō (680–748), (ruled 715–724) – formerly Princess Hidaka * Empress Kōken (718–770), (ruled 749–758 and 764–770) * Empress Meishō (1624–1696), (ruled 1629–1643) * Empress Go-Sakuramachi (1740–1813), (ruled 1762–1771) – last ruling empress

= Korea

= Silla * Queen Seondeok of Silla, Seondeok (ruled 632–647) * Jindeok of Silla, Jindeok (ruled 647–652) * Jinseong of Silla, Jinseong (ruled 887–897)

South Asia

= Bangladesh

= Chandra dynasty * Kuverami (ruled 334–341) * Umavira (ruled 341–361) * Nitichandra (ruled 520–575) * Pritichandra (ruled 578–90)

= India

= Alupas, Alupa dynasty * Ballamahadevi (ruled 1275–1292) – she ruled with her son Nagadevarasa Arakkal Kingdom, Arakkal dynasty * Ali Raja Bibi Harrabichi Kadavube (ruled 1728–1732) * Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe I (ruled 1732–1745) * Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II (ruled 1777–1819) Bhauma-Kara dynasty * Tribhuvana Mahadevi I (ruled 845–850) * Tribhuvana Mahadevi II (ruled 890–896) * Tribhuvana Mahadevi III (ruled 896–905) * Gauri Mahadevi (ruled c. 910–916) * Dandi Mahadevi (ruled c. 916–936) * Vakula Mahadevi (ruled c. 936–940) * Dharma Mahadevi (ruled c. 940–950) Bhopal State * Qudsia Begum of Bhopal, Qudsia Begum (ruled 1819–1837) – in 1819, 18-year-old Qudsia Begum (also known as Gohar Begum) took over the reins after the assassination of her husband, Nawab Muiz Muhammad Khan Bahadur. She was the first female ruler of Bhopal. She declared that her 2-year-old daughter Sikander would follow her as the ruler; none of the male family members dared to challenge her decision. She ruled till 1837, when she died having adequately prepared her daughter for ruling the state. * Shah Jahan Begum of Bhopal, Begum Sultan Shah Jehan (ruled 1844–1860 and 1868–1901) – Shahjahan was the only surviving child of Sikandar Begum, sometime Nawab of Bhopal by correct title, and her husband Jahangir Mohammed Khan. She was recognised as ruler of Bhopal in 1844 at the age of six; her mother wielded power as regent during her minority. However, in 1860, her mother Sikandar Begum was recognised by the British as ruler of Bhopal in her own right, and Shahjahan was set aside. * Sikandar Begum, Begum Nawab Sikandar (ruled 1860–1868) * Kaikhusrau Jahan, Begum of Bhopal, Begum Kaikhusrau Jahan (ruled 1901–1926) British Raj * Victoria, Empress of India (ruled 1876–1901) Gerusoppa * Rani Chennabhairadevi (ruled 1552–1606) Holkar dynasty * Ahilyabai Holkar (ruled 1767–1795), also known as the ''Philosopher Queen'' Kakatiya dynasty * Rani Rudrama Devi (ruled 1262–1295) Kashmir * Sugandha (ruled 904–906) * Didda (ruled 980–1003), she ruled first as a Regent for her son Abhimanyu and thereafter as sole ruler in her own right * Kota Rani (ruled 1338–1339) Keladi Nayaka dynasty * Keladi Chennamma (ruled 1672–1697) * Virammaji (ruled 1757–1763) Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi), Mamluk dynasty * Razia Sultana (ruled 1236–1240) Oiniwar dynasty * Viswavasa Devi (ruled 1431–1443) Sambalpur State * Rani Mohan Kumari (ruled 1827–1833) Sivaganga estate * Velu Nachiyar * Vellacci Thanjavur Maratha kingdom * Sujana Bai (ruled 1737–1738) Travancore Kingdom * Gowri Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore (ruled 1810–1813) – she also ruled 1813–1815 as regent Ullal * Abbakka Chowta (ruled 1525–1570)

= Maldives

= * Damahaar (ruled before 990) – Damahaar, a Ranin (Queen) of the ''Aadeetta'' (Sun) Dynasty, is mentioned by Muhammad al-Idrisi, al-Idrisi as having reigned over the Maldives at some time before the semi-legendary King Koimala of the Maldives, Koimala; there are several other mentions by foreign travelers, mainly Arabs, of queens ruling over the Maldives at various times; these are not always named and their reigns cannot be precisely dated * Khadijah of the Maldives, Khadijah (ruled 1347–1363, 1364–1374 and 1376–1380) * Raadhafathi of the Maldives, Raadhafathi (ruled 1380) * Dhaain of the Maldives, Dhaain (ruled 1385–1388) * Kuda Kala Kamanafa’anu (ruled 1607–1609) * Amina Kabafaanu, Amina I (ruled 1753–1754) * Amina Rani Kilegefaanu, Amina II (ruled 1757–1759)

= Pakistan

= * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1956) Gilgit District, Gilgit * Dadi Jawari, also known as Malika Jawahir Khatun * Malika Sahibnuma, also known as Sahebnuma (ruled 1825–1828) Sindh * Zainab Tari (ruled 1092–1102)

= Sri Lanka

= * Anula of Anuradhapura (ruled 47–42 BC) * Sivali of Anuradhapura (ruled 35) * Lilavati of Polonnaruwa (ruled 1197–1200, 1209–1210 and 1211–1212) * Kalyanavati of Polonnaruwa (ruled 1202–1208) * Kusumasana Devi (ruled 1581) * Sugala Devi - she led Queen Sugala rebellion in 1157 * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1972)

Southeast Asia

= Cambodia

Funan Kingdom * Queen Soma (ruled 1st century) * Kulaprabhavati (ruled 514–517) – there was a succession war between her and her stepson Rudravarman for three years Chenla * Kambuja-raja-lakshmi (:km:កម្វុជរាជលក្ឝ្មី (ចេនឡា)) (ruled 575–580) * Jayadevi (ruled 681–713) – during her rule, she was faulted in leadership which led The Chenla kingdom to break into two individual states, but then it record the period to be female-dominated dynasty with the wide range of female successors, totally driving the entire kingdom Sambhupura Chenla * Indrani of Sambhupura, Indrani (ruled 8th century) – she ruled with her husband Pushkaraksha * Nṛpatendradevī of Sambhupura, Nṛpatendradevī (ruled 8th century) * Jayendrabhā of Sambhupura, Jayendrabhā (ruled 8th century) * Jyeṣṭhāryā of Sambhupura, Jyeṣṭhāryā (ruled c. 803) Post-Angkor period * Queen Tey (ruled 1687) * Ang Mey (ruled 1834–1840) – also known as Ngọc Vân Quận chúa (Lady Ngọc Vân – Vietnamese) or Ksat Trey, she was proclaimed on the death of her father by the Vietnamese faction at court with the title of Mỹ Lâm Quận chúa (Lady Mỹ Lâm – Vietnamese). She was famous as a Vietnamese puppet queen

= Indonesia

= Aceh * Seri Ratu Ta'jul Alam Shah (ruled 1641–1675) – the Sultana of Atjeh (Aceh) Darussalam, formerly known as Puteri Seri Alam the Daughter of The Great Sultan Iskandar Muda, and wife of Sultan Iskandar Thani * Seri Ratu Naqiatuddin Nurul Alam (ruled 1675–1678) * Seri Ratu Inayat Shah (ruled 1678–1688) * Zainatuddin of Aceh, Seri Ratu Kamalat Syah (ruled 1688–1699) – she was deposed and replaced by her husband under pressure from the Mufti of Mecca Bali * Śri Wijaya Mahadewi (ruled c. 983) * Mahendradatta (ruled before 989–1007) * Śri Ajñadewi (ruled c. 1016) * Śri Sakalendukirana Laksmidhara Wijayottunggadewi (ruled c. 1088–1101) * Arjayadengjayaketana (ruled c. 1200) * Unnamed Queen (ruled ?–1284) – In AD 1284, the Javanese king Kertanegara of Singhasari, Kertanegara attacked Bali Kingdom and captured the queen of Bali. Her name is unknown. * Dewa Agung Istri Kanya (ruled 1814–1850) Tanette * Siti Aisyah We Tenriolle (ruled 1855–1910) Kalingga * Queen Shima, Maharani Shima (ruled 674–695) Majapahit Parvati Majapahit 1

* Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi (ruled 1328–1350) * Suhita (ruled 1429–1447) Medang Kingdom, Medang * Isyana Tunggawijaya, Śri Isyana Tunggawijaya (ruled 947–985) Mengwi * Gusti Ayu Istri Biang Agung (ruled 1836–1857) Sonbai Kecil * Bi Sonbai (ruled 1672–1717), in western Timor Kalinyamat Sultanate * Ratu Kalinyamat Sultanate of Gowa * Tumanurung Baine Samudera Pasai Sultanate * Ratu Nahrasyiyah Bone state * We Banrigau, Mallajange ri Cina * We Tenrituppu, MatinroE ri Bantaeng * We Bataritoja, Sultanah Zainab Zulkiyahtuddin (ruled 1714–1715 and 1724–1749) * We Imaniratu, Sultanah Rajituddin * We Tenriawaru, Sultanah Ummulhuda * We Fatimah Banri, Datu Citta Sultanate of Buton * Wa kaa kaa (ruled 1332–?) * Bulawambona (ruled 14th century)

= Laos

= Lan Xang * Nang Keo Phimpha (ruled 1438) – after her nephew Lan Kham Deng died, she seized control of Lan Xang and the next four kings were under her control. She only reigned for a few months in 1438 at the age of 95; she was then deposed and killed.

= Malaysia

= Kelantan * Siti Wan Kembang (ruled 1610–1667) * Puteri Saadong (ruled 1667–1671)

= Myanmar

= Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy * Shin Sawbu (ruled 1454–1471)

= Philippines

= Kingdom of Namayan, Namayan and Kingdom of Tondo, Tondo * Dayang Kalangitan, Kalangitan (ruled 1450–1515) List of sultans of Sulu, Sulu * Nur ul-Azam (ruled c. 1680–1685)

= Thailand

= Hariphunchai * Jamadevi (6th-7th century), first ruler of the Mon people, Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai Pattani Kingdom, Pattani * Ratu Hijau, 'the Green Queen' (ruled 1584–1616) * Ratu Biru, 'the Blue Queen' (ruled 1616–1624) * Ratu Ungu, 'the Purple Queen' (ruled 1624–1635) * Ratu Kuning, 'the Yellow Queen' (ruled 1635–1649/88), controversy surrounds the exact date of the end of her reign * Ratu Emas Kelantan (ruled 1670–1698 or 1690–1704) – thought by A. Teeuw & Wyatt to be a king, but claimed by al-Fatani to be a queen, the widow of Raja Bakal and mother of the succeeding queen * Ratu Emas Chayam (ruled 1698–1702 or 1704–1707 and 1716–1718) Lanna * Chiraprapha (ruled 1545–1546) * Wisutthi Thewi (ruled 1564–1578)

= Timor

= Alas (East Timor), Alas * Dona Maria Borromeu Duarte (ruled 1945–1952) Ainaro * Dona Maria Amado de Jesus Corte-Real (ruled 1943–1960) Venilale * Dona Catarina de Freitas (ruled 1808–1812) Bobonaro * Two queens (widows of Dom Lac-Theu and Dom Tai Mau) Ermera * Dona Vasso Bere (ruled 1849-after 1854) Luca (East Timor), Luca * Dona Rosa Amaral (ruled 1881–1896) Jenilu * Raja Perempuan (ruled 1845) * Mariana Rosa da Costa (ruled 1879–1893) Lakekun * Balok Lorok * Hoar Teti Lidak * Petronella da Costa (ruled 1901–1913) Emperors of Sonba'i Kecil, Sonba'i Kecil * Usi Tetu Utang (ruled 1672–1717) Amfoan * Anna Elisabeth Aunoni (ruled 1881–1902)

= Vietnam

= * Queen Trưng Trắc (ruled 40–43) – the Trưng sisters (Vietnamese: Hai Bà Trưng; literally: two ladies Trưng) were leaders who rebelled against Chinese rule for three years, and are regarded as national heroines of Vietnam. Her name is Trưng Trắc. * Lady Triệu (ruled 248) * Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng (ruled 1224–1225) Champa * Isanavarman (ruled ?–653)

West Asia

= Iran

= * Musa of Parthia (Parthian queen regnant of Iran, ruled 2 BC–4 AD) – she ruled with her son Phraates V * Pourandukht (In Persian: Pourandokht, Sassanid queen regnant and Daughter of Khosrow Parviz, ruled 630 and 631–632) * Azarmidokht (Sassanid queen regnant, sister of Pourandukht and daughter of Khosrow Parviz, ruled 630–631) Elymais * Anzaze (ruled about 82/81 to 75 BC, following dates on the coins), she appears on coins together with king Kamnaskires III; they perhaps ruled together as on the coins she is called ''βασιλίσσης'' (the Genitive case of queen, ''βασίλισσα'' – basílissa) * Ulfan (ruled 2nd century) – she co-ruled with her husband Orodes III Ahmadilis * Sulafa Khatun Qutlugh-Khanids * Kutlugh Turkan * Padishah Khatun * Kurdujin Khatun Salghurids * Abish Khatun (ruled 1264–1284) Il Khanate * Sati Beg (ruled 1338–1339) Khorshidi dynasty * Dawlat Khatun

= Iraq

= Kish (Sumer), Kish * Kubaba, the only queen on the ''Sumerian King List'' (ruled 25th century BC) First Dynasty of Ur * Puabi (ruled c. 26th century BC) – there is a theory that she ruled on her own right

= Israel

= Kingdom of Judah, Judah * Athaliah (ruled 843–835 BC) Hasmonean dynasty * Salome Alexandra (ruled 76–67 BC) Herodian dynasty * Salome I (ruled 4 BC-10 AD) – she ruled as Toparch of Jabneh, Ashdod and Phasaelis * Livia (ruled 10–29) – she ruled as Toparch of Jabneh Crusades, Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem * Melisende of Jerusalem, Melisende (ruled 1131–1153) – she ruled with her husband Fulk, King of Jerusalem, Fulk of Anjou and her son Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III as co-rulers * Sibylla of Jerusalem, Sibylla (ruled 1186–1190) – she ruled with her husband Guy de Lusignan as co-ruler * Isabella I of Jerusalem, Isabella I (ruled 1190/92–1205) – she ruled with her husbands Conrad of Montferrat, Henry II, Count of Champagne, Henry of Champagne and Aimery of Cyprus as co-rulers * Maria of Montferrat, Maria (ruled 1205–1212) – she ruled with her husband John of Brienne as co-ruler from 1210 * Isabella II of Jerusalem, Isabella II (ruled 1212–1228), also known as ''Yolande of Jerusalem'' – she ruled with her husband Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen as co-ruler from 1225

= Jordan

= Gileadite * Laodice of the Sameans (ruled c. 92 BC) – In the Codex Leidensis, the people of Laodice is Gileadites. Nabatean kingdom, Nabatea * Chuldu (ruled 9 BC–16 AD) – she ruled with her husband Aretas IV Philopatris * Shaqilath – she ruled with her husband Aretas IV Philopatris * Shaqilath II – she ruled with her husband Malichus II; after his death she was regent for her son Rabbel II Soter * Gamilath – she ruled with Rabbel II Soter * Hagaru – she ruled with Rabbel II Soter

= Lebanon

= County of Tripoli, Tripoli * Lucia of Tripoli (ruled 1287–1289)

= Saudi Arabia

= Qedarite * Zabibe (ruled c. 750–735 BC) * Samsi (ruled c. 735–710 BC) * Yatie (ruled c. 710–695 BC) * Te'el-hunu (ruled c. 695–690 BC) * Tabua (queen), Tabua (ruled c. 678–675 BC)

= Syria

= Tanukhids * Mavia (queen), Mavia (ruled 375–425) – "The Queen of the Arabs" Seleucid Empire * Cleopatra Thea (ruled 126–121 BC) – she ruled with her sons Seleucus V and Antiochus VIII * Cleopatra Selene I (ruled 82–69 BC) – she ruled with her son Antiochus XIII Palmyrene Empire * Zenobia (ruled 272) – she ruled mostly as regent for her son but reigned briefly under the regnal name Septimia Zenobia Augusta in 272.

= Turkey

Principality of Antioch, Antioch * Constance of Antioch, Constance (Princess) (ruled 1130–1163) Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia * Isabella, Queen of Armenia, Isabella (ruled 1219–1252) – she co-ruled with her husband Hethum I, King of Armenia, Hethum I from 1226 Caria * Artemisia I of Caria, Artemisia I (ruled c. 480 BC) * Artemisia II of Caria, Artemisia II (ruled 353–351 BC) * Ada of Caria, Ada (ruled 344–340 and 334–326 BC) Dardania (Troas), Dardania * Mania (queen), Mania (ruled after 399 BC) – queen of ancient Dardania according to Polyaenus and Xenophon Heraclea Pontica * Amastrine, Amastris (ruled c. 300-284 BC) Kingdom of Pontus, Pontus * Pythodorida of Pontus, Pythodorida (ruled 8 BC–38 AD) Olba Kingdom * Queen Aba (ruled 1st century BC) Cius, Prusias ad Mare * Orodaltis (ruled c. after 30 BC) Saltukid dynasty * Melike Mama Hatun (ruled 1191–1200) Empire of Trebizond, Trebizond * Theodora of Trebizond, Theodora Megale Komnene (ruled 1284–1285) * Irene Palaiologina of Trebizond, Eirene Palaiologina (ruled 1340–1341) * Anna of Trebizond, Anna Megale Komnene (ruled 1341–1342)

= Yemen

= Sulayhid dynasty * Asma bint Shihab (ruled 1047–1087) – she was the co-ruler of Yemen in co-regency with her cousin and spouse, Ali al-Sulayhi, and later her son, Ahmad al-Mukkaram, and daughter-in-law, Arwa al-Sulayhi. Though there were many female monarchs in the Muslim world, Asma bint Shihab and Arwa al-Sulayhi were the only female monarchs in the Arab world to have had the ''khutba'' proclaimed in their name in the mosques as sovereigns. * Arwa al-Sulayhi (ruled 1067–1138) – she ruled Yemen firstly with her first two husbands and her mother-in-law and then as sole ruler. She was the greatest of the rulers of the Sulayhid Dynasty and was also the first woman to be accorded the prestigious title of hujja in Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, signifying her as the closest living image of God's will in her lifetime.

Central Asia

= Kyrgyzstan

= * Kurmanjan Datka, queen of Alay District, Alay (ruled 1862–1876)

= Uzbekistan

= * Tomyris, queen of Massagetae (ruled c. 570-520 BC)

Europe

Maria Theresia im Spitzenbesetzten Kleid

Andorra

* Isabella, Countess of Foix, Isabella (ruled 1398–1413) * Catherine of Navarre, Catherine (ruled 1483–1512, 1513–1517) * Jeanne d'Albret (ruled 1555–1572)

Armenia

* Erato of Armenia, Erato (ruled 8 BC–1 AD and 6–12 AD) – she ruled with Tigranes IV and Tigranes V

Austria

* Maria Theresa (Archduchess) (ruled 1740–1780) – she was the only female ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Archduchy of Austria, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Southern Netherlands, Austrian Netherlands and Parma. In some of the Habsburg dominions (such as Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia and Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Lodomeria and Galicia), she held the title of queen. By marriage, she was also Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress (all as consort).

= Marcomanni

= * Fritigil (ruled mid 4th century)

Bosnia

* Helen of Bosnia, Jelena Gruba (ruled 1395–1398)

Bulgaria

= Odrysian kingdom

= * Antonia Tryphaena (ruled 18–38) – she ruled with her son Rhoemetalces II * Pythodoris II (ruled 38–46) – she ruled with Rhoemetalces III

Croatia

* Mary, Queen of Hungary, Mary (ruled 1382–1385 and 1386–1395) * Maria Theresa (Queen) (ruled 1740–1780)

Cyprus

* Charlotte of Cyprus, Charlotte (ruled 1458–1464) * Catherine Cornaro (ruled 1474–1489) * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1960)

Czech lands

* Maria Theresa of Austria, Maria Theresa (Queen) (ruled 1740–1780) Margaret of Denmark, Norway & Sweden (1389) effigy 2010 (2)

Denmark

* Margaret I of Denmark, Margaret I (ruled 1387–1412) – she was founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Margaret is known in Denmark as "Margrethe I" to distinguish her from the current queen. Denmark did not have a tradition of allowing women to rule, so when her son died, she was titled "All-powerful Lady and Mistress (Regent) of the Kingdom of Denmark". She only styled herself Queen of Denmark in 1375, usually referring to herself as "Margaret, by the grace of God, daughter of Valdemar King of Denmark" and "Denmark's rightful heir" when referring to her position in Denmark. Others simply referred to her as the "Lady Queen", without specifying what she was queen of, but not so Pope Boniface IX, who in his letters styled her "our beloved daughter in Christ, Margaret, most excellent queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway" * Margrethe II of Denmark, Margaret II (reign 1972–present)

Georgia

* Dinar of Hereti (ruled 10th-century) – she ruled with her son Ishkhanik of Hereti, Ishkhanik * Tamar of Georgia (ruled 1184–1213) * Rusudan of Georgia (ruled 1223–1245) * Tamar of Kartli (ruled 1744–1746) – she ruled with her husband Teimuraz II of Kakheti, Teimuraz II

Greece

= Aeacid dynasty

= * Deidamia II of Epirus, Deidamia II (ruled c. 233 BCE)

= Byzantine Empire

= * Irene of Athens (ruled 797-802) – she normally referred to herself as ''basilissa'' (empress), although there are three instances of the title ''basileus'' (emperor) being used by her * Zoë Porphyrogenita (ruled 1028–1041 and 1042–1050) – she ruled with her consorts Romanos III and Michael IV the Paphlagonian, Michael IV between 1028 and 1041; she ruled with her sister Theodora and her third husband Constantine IX from 1042 to 1050 * Theodora Porphyrogenita (ruled 1042–1056) – she ruled from 1042 jointly with her sister Zoe and Zoe's third husband Constantine IX; she ruled from 1055 until her own death as sole monarch.

= Epirus

= * Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina (ruled 1384–1385)

Hungary

* Mary, Queen of Hungary, Mary (ruled 1382–1385 and 1386–1395) – she was crowned as ''King of Hungary'' to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right; she co-ruled with her husband Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund of Luxembourg from 1387 * Maria Theresa (Queen, "King") (ruled 1740–1780)

Ireland

= Kingdom of Ireland

= * Jane Grey (ruled 1553) (disputed) * Mary I of England, Mary I (ruled 1553–1558) * Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603) * Mary II of England, Mary II (ruled 1689–1694) – she co-ruled with her husband William III of England, William III * Anne, Queen of Great Britain, Anne (ruled 1702–1714)

Italy

= Naples

= * Joan I of Naples, Joan I (ruled 1343–1382) * Joan II of Naples, Joan II (ruled 1414–1435) * Joan of Castile, Joan III the Mad (ruled 1516–1555)

= Parma

= * Maria Theresa (Duchess) (ruled 1740–1748) * Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Marie Louise (Duchess) (ruled 1814–1847)

= Sardinia

= * Elena of Gallura (ruled 1202 or 1203–1218) * Benedetta of Cagliari (ruled 1214–1232 or 1233) * Adelasia of Torres (ruled 1236–1259) * Joanna of Gallura (ruled 1298–1308) * Eleanor of Arborea (ruled 1383–1404)

= Sicily

= * Constance of Sicily, Constance I (ruled 1194–1198) – she co-ruled with her husband Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor until 1197 * Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon, Constance II (ruled 1282–1285) – she co-ruled with her husband Peter III of Aragon * Maria, Queen of Sicily, Maria (ruled 1377–1401) – she co-ruled with her husband Martin I of Sicily, Martin I ''the Younger'' from 1392 * Joan the Mad (ruled 1516–1555)

= Ostrogoths

= * Amalasuintha (ruled 534–535) – she ruled first as regent for her son and thereafter as queen regnant in her own right

Luxembourg

* Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Marie-Adélaïde (Grand Duchess) (ruled 1912–1919) * Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Charlotte (Grand Duchess) (ruled 1919–1964)

Malta

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1964–1974) Wilhelmina1898

Lithuania

* Anna Jagiellon, Anna (ruled 1575–1587), Elected co-monarch with Stephen Báthory

Monaco

* Claudine, Lady of Monaco, Claudine (Lady) (ruled 1457–1458) * Louise Hippolyte (Princess) (ruled 1731)

Netherlands

* Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Wilhelmina (reigned 1890–1948) * Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana (reigned 1948–1980) * Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beatrix (reigned 1980–2013)

Norway

* Margaret I of Denmark, Margaret (ruled 1388–1412)

= Agder

= * Åsa Haraldsdottir of Agder, Åsa (ruled 9th-century)

Poland

* Jadwiga of Poland, Jadwiga (ruled 1384–1399) – she was crowned as ''King of Poland'' to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right; she co-ruled with her husband Władysław II Jagiełło from 1386 * Anna Jagiellon, Anna (ruled 1575–1586) – she was crowned as ''King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania'' to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right; she co-ruled with her husband Stephen Báthory

Portugal

* Theresa, Countess of Portugal, Theresa (ruled 1116–1128, disputed) * Beatrice of Portugal, Beatrice (ruled 1383–1385, 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum, disputed) * Maria I of Portugal, Maria I (ruled 1777–1816) * Maria II of Portugal, Maria II (ruled 1826–1828 and 1834–1853)

Russia

Catherine II in old age after Vigee-Lebrun

* Irina Godunova (ruled 1598, disputed) – she reigned for just nine days after her husband's death. * Catherine I of Russia, Catherine I (ruled 1725–1727) * Anna of Russia, Anna (ruled 1730–1740) * Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth (ruled 1741–1762) * Catherine II of Russia, Catherine II ("the Great") (ruled 1762–1796)

= Sabir people

= * Queen Boa, also known as Boareks (ruled 520s)

= Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus

= * Kamasarye Philoteknos (ruled 180–150 BC) – she co-ruled with her husband Paerisades III * Dynamis (Bosporan queen), Dynamis (ruled in 47 BC, 44–17 BC and 16–14 BC) – she co-ruled with her first husband Asander (Bosporan king), Asander in 47 BC and from 44 BC until 17 BC; then she co-ruled with her second husband Polemon I of Pontus, Polemon I from 16 BC until her death * Gepaepyris (ruled 37 or 38–39 AD)

= Khanate of Qasim

= * Fatima Soltan (ruled 1679–1681) IsabellaofCastile03

Spain

* Isabella II of Spain (ruled 1833–1868)

= Aragon

= * Petronila of Aragon (ruled 1137–1164) * Joanna of Castile and Aragon ''the Mad'' (ruled 1516–1555) – after her husband's death she was deemed mentally ill and was confined to a nunnery. Her father, Ferdinand II of Aragon, was regent in Castile until his death, when she inherited his kingdom as well and began her nominal co-reign with her son Charles I of Spain, but she had no actual power and her confinement lasted until her death.

= Kingdoms of León and Castile

= * Urraca of León and Castile (ruled 1109–1126) – also styled as ''Empress of all the Spains'' (''totius Hispaniae imperatrix''). Her use of the imperial styling was limited, much more so than that of her predecessor and successor (it is possible that the imperial style had connotations too strongly masculine). Urraca did employ instead the title ''Queen of Spain'' on several occasions from the very beginning of her reign until the end * Berenguela of Castile ''the Great'' (ruled 1217) * Sancha, heiress of León, Sancha of León (ruled ''de jure'' 1230) – she ruled jointly with her sister Dulce. After the death of Sancha's brother, Alfonso IX of León, Alfonso IX named his second son, Ferdinand III of Castile, Ferdinand, his heir, bestowing on him the title ''infante''. In 1217, Ferdinand's mother, Berengaria of Castile, Berengaria, inherited the Kingdom of Castile, but ceded it to her son. With his heir out of the kingdom and ruling in another place, Alfonso attempted to make his eldest daughters his joint heirs. In the Treaty of Boronal concluded with Portugal in 1219, Alfonso expressly states that if he should die, Portugal should respect the agreement with his daughters.Yáñez Neira, 54. Alfonso also attempted to secure his eldest daughter's rights by marrying Sancha to John of Brienne, the former King of Jerusalem, but his wife Berengaria blocked this action in order to advance her son.Salvador Martínez, 32–33. After this fiasco, Alfonso declared Sancha and Dulce his heirs, but upon his death on 24 September 1230, the people of León, who had pledged for Ferdinand in 1206, refused to recognise his daughters, and they in turn ceded their rights to his kingdom to their half-brother * Dulce of León (ruled ''de jure'' 1230) – she ruled jointly with her sister Sancha * Isabella I of Castile ''the Catholic'' (ruled 1474–1504) – After a struggle to claim her right to the throne, she reorganised the governmental system, brought the crime rate to the lowest it had been in years, and unburdened the kingdom of the enormous debt her brother had left behind. Her marriage with Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ferdinand II of Crown of Aragon, Aragon brought stability to the kingdoms that became the basis for the political unification of Spain. Her reforms and those she made with her husband had an influence that extended well beyond the borders of their united kingdoms. Isabella and Ferdinand are known for completing the Reconquista, ordering conversion or exile of their Muslim and Jewish subjects in the Spanish Inquisition, and for supporting and financing Christopher Columbus's Columbus' first voyage, 1492 voyage that led to the opening of the New World. * Joanna of Castile and Aragon ''the Mad'' (ruled 1504–1555) – successor of the previous.

= Navarre

= * Toda of Navarre, Toda Aznárez (ruled 950s–970s) – was the queen consort of Pamplona through her marriage to Sancho I of Pamplona, Sancho I, who reigned from 905 to 925, and was regent of Pamplona for her son García Sánchez I from 931 to 934. Later in life, she ruled a subkingdom created for her * Joan I of Navarre, Joan I (ruled 1274–1305) * Joan II of Navarre, Joan II (ruled 1328–1349) * Blanche I of Navarre, Blanche I (ruled 1425–1441) * Blanche II of Navarre, Blanche II (ruled ''de jure'' 1461–1464) * Eleanor of Navarre, Eleanor (ruled in 1479) * Catherine of Navarre, Catherine (ruled 1483–1517) * Jeanne III of Navarre, Joan III (ruled 1555–1572)

Sweden

* Margaret I of Denmark, Margaret (ruled 1389–1412) * Christina of Sweden, Christina (ruled 1632–1654) – she was crowned as ''King of Swedes, Goths and Vandals'' to emphasize that she was a monarch in her own right * Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora (ruled 1718–1720)

United Kingdom

= Kingdoms of the Britons

= * Cartimandua (ruled c. 43–69), queen of the Brigantes, a Celtic people in what is now Northern England – she came to power around the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, and formed a large tribal agglomeration that became loyal to Rome; she is known exclusively from the work of a single Roman historian, Tacitus, though she appears to have been widely influential in early Roman Britain * Boudica (ruled c. 60–61), queen of the Britons (historical), Brythonic Celtic Iceni, people of Norfolk, in Eastern Britain – in 61 AD, led a major uprising of the tribes against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire

= Anglo-Saxon kingdoms

= * Seaxburh of Wessex (ruled c. 672–674) – she reigned jointly with her husband Cenwalh and, according to tradition, ruled Wessex as Queen for a year following Cenwalh's death in c. 672 * Æthelflæd of Mercia (ruled 911–918) – eldest daughter of king Alfred the Great of Wessex, wife of Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia, Æthelred II, ealdorman of Mercia, and after his death, sole ruler of Mercia. While her husband was alive, she signed agreements, leading some to think that she was the real leader. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' styles her ''Lady of the Mercians'' (''Myrcna hlæfdige'') * Ælfwynn of Mercia (ruled 918) – daughter of Æthelflæd and Æthelred II, styled ''Lady of the Mercians''. Deposed by her uncle, Edward the Elder (4 December 918), who annexed Mercia to Wessex, creating the Kingdom of England

= Kingdom of England

= * Empress Matilda, Matilda (ruled 1141) – she was England's first ''de facto'' female ruler, holding the title of ''Lady of the English'' (she planned to assume the title of queen upon her coronation). She was declared heir presumptive by her father, Henry I of England, Henry I, and acknowledged as such by the barons; however, upon the death of her father in 1135, Matilda's rival and cousin Stephen, King of England, Stephen of Blois usurped the throne. The Anarchy followed, with Matilda's being a ''de facto'' ruler for a few months in 1141, but she was never crowned and failed to consolidate her rule (legally and politically) * Jane Grey, Jane (ruled 1553, disputed) – her cousin Edward VI of England nominated Jane as successor to the Crown in his will and excluded his half sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. However, this was disputed following Edward's death, since parliament had not ratified his action and Jane was ‘queen’ for only nine days (10–19 July) before Edward's half-sister, Mary, was proclaimed Queen. Jane is nicknamed ''The Nine Days' Queen'' * Mary I of England, Mary I (ruled 1553–1558) * Elizabeth I of England, Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603)

= Kingdom of Scotland

= * Margaret, Maid of Norway (ruled 1286–1290) She was daughter of Eric II of Norway and Margaret of Scotland (Queen of Norway), Margaret of Scotland and was named "''domina'' and right heir" of the Kingdom of Scotland by her grandfather, Alexander III of Scotland, Alexander III. Her death, at the age of seven, while en route to Scotland sparked off the disputed succession which led to the Wars of Scottish Independence. As Margaret was never crowned or otherwise inaugurated, and never set foot on what was then Scottish soil during her lifetime, there is some doubt about whether she should be regarded as a King of Scots, Queen of Scots; this could ultimately be a matter of interpretation. Most lists of the monarchs of Scotland do include her, but a few do not. * Mary, Queen of Scots, Mary I (ruled 1542–1567) – she was executed in England in 1587

= Kingdoms of England and Scotland / Kingdom of Great Britain

= * Mary II of England, Mary II (reigned 1689–1694, jointly with her cousin and husband William III of England, William III of Orange) * Anne, Queen of Great Britain, Anne (reigned 1702–1714)

= United Kingdom

= * Queen Victoria, Victoria (reigned 1837–1901) – the first monarch to hold the title of Emperor of India, ''Empress of India''. *

(reigned 1952–2022) – List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign, longest-reigning British monarch, List of longest-reigning monarchs, longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history.

Oceania

American Samoa

* Tuimanufili, (ruled as 20th Tui Manu'a) * Siliave, (ruled as 23rd Tui Manu'a) * Seuea, (ruled as 27th Tui Manu'a) * Matelita, (ruled 1891–1895, as 39th Tui Manu'a)

Australia

* Queen Victoria, Victoria (ruled 1901) * Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

French Polynesia

= Bora Bora

= * Teriimaevarua II (ruled 1860–1873) * Teriimaevarua III (ruled 1873–1895)

= Huahine

* Teha'apapa I (ruled 1760–1790) * Teri'itaria II (ruled 1815–1852) * Teha'apapa II (ruled 1868–1893) * Teuhe II, Teuhe (ruled 1888–1890) – she reigned under a rebellion government against her mother Queen Tehaapapa II * Te-ha'apapa III, Teha'apapa III (ruled 1893–1895)

= Raiatea

= * Tehauroarii (ruled 1881–1884) * Tuarii (ruled till 1897) – she reigned under a rebellion government against the French with the support of Teraupo'o after Tamatoa VI abdicated.

= Rapa Iti

= * Daughter of Parima (ruled 1886–1887).

= Rimatara

= * Tamaeva IV (ruled 1876–1892) * Tamaeva V (ruled 1892–1901)

= Tahiti

= * Purea (ruled 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unification * Pōmare IV (ruled 1827–1877)

Fiji

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1970–1987)

Hawaii

* Ancient Hawaii, Ancient ** Kalanikauleleiaiwi, co-ruler of Hawaii Island, Hawaiʻi Island along with her brother Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku (ruled 1695–1725) ** Ululani, Aliʻi, Chiefess of Hilo ** Kapau-a-Nuʻakea, 3rd Alii Aimoku of Molokai, Chiefess of Molokai ** Kamauliwahine, 4th Alii Aimoku of Molokai, Chiefess of Molokai ** Hualani, 5th Moi of Molokai, Chiefess of Molokai ** Kanealai, Alii Aimoku of Molokai, Chiefess of Molokai ** Kūkaniloko, 11th Moi of Oahu, Moʻi of Oahu, Oʻahu ** Kalaimanuia, 12th Moi of Oahu, Moʻi of Oahu, Oʻahu (ruled 1600–1665) ** Kaikilani, 17th Moi of Hawaii, Moʻi of Hawaii Island, Hawaiʻi Island (ruled 1575–1605) ** Keakamahana, 19th Moi of Hawaii, Moʻi of Hawaii Island, Hawaiʻi Island (ruled 1635–1665) ** Keakealaniwahine, 20th Moi of Hawaii, Moʻi of Hawaii Island, Hawaiʻi Island (ruled 1665–1695) ** Kamakahelei, 22nd Moi of Kauai, Moʻi of Kauai, Kauaʻi (ruled 1770–1794) Liliuokalani, c

* Kingdom of Hawaii, Kingdom ** Liliuokalani, Liliʻuokalani (ruled 1891–1893 and claimed status as queen until her death in 1917) – the only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii established by Kamehameha I

New Zealand

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

= Rarotonga

* Makea Takau Ariki, Paramount Chief, Queen/Supreme High Chiefess of the Cook Islands (ruled 1871–1911) – was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Rarotonga established in 1858, she ceased to be sovereign after 1888

Papua New Guinea

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1975–2022)

Solomon Islands

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1978–2022)

Tonga

* Tupoumoheofo, Tupoumahe'ofo (ruled 1777–1781, as Tu'i Kanokupolu) * Salote Tupou III of Tonga, Salote Tupou III (ruled 1918–1965)

Tuvalu

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1978–2022)

Uvea (Wallis)

* Toifale (ruled 1825) * Falakika Seilala (ruled 1858–1869) * Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki (ruled 1869–1895) * Aloisia Brial (ruled 1953–1958)

Queens regent

Africa

Ashanti Empire

* Yaa Asantewaa (c. 1840–1921) (regent), queen mother of Ejisu in the Ashanti Empire (1894–1902)

Axum Empire

* Sofya of Axum, Sofya (c. 330), queen mother of Ezana of Axum, Ezana who ruled on his behalf during his infancy.

= Comoros

= Mayotte * Amina (queen regent) (1590–1596) * Aisa (queen regent) (1700–1714) * Monavo Fani (queen regent) (1714–1720)

Dahomey

* Hangbe (regent) ruler of Dahomey 1716–1718 between the death of Akaba and the rule of Agaja

Egypt

Ancient Egypt WLA brooklynmuseum Statuette of Queen Ankhnesmeryre II

* Neithhotep of the First Dynasty – likely ruled as regent on behalf of either Hor-Aha or Djer. Her exceptional status may point to her being a ruling Pharaoh in her own right, but this is disputed among Egyptologists. * Merneith of the First Dynasty – was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty during the early part of the reign of her son Den (pharaoh), Den. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right (hence being included in the list of queens regnant as well). The possibility is based on several official records. Her rule occurred the 30th century B.C., for an undetermined period * Nimaathap of the Second Dynasty of Egypt, Second Dynasty – possibly ruled as regent on behalf of her son Djoser. * Khentkaus I, Khentkawes I of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth Dynasty – Khentkawes may have served as a regent for Thampthis (considered by some historians her son), or she may have ruled Egypt as Pharaoh. * Khentkaus II of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt, Fifth Dynasty – While it is not confirmed that Khentkaus ruled as regent, several aspects of her tomb indicate she may have done so. * Iput I of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, Sixth Dynasty – possibly ruled as regent on behalf of her son Pepi I. * Ankhesenpepi II of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, Sixth Dynasty – ruled as regent on behalf of her son Pepi II. * Ahhotep I of the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt, Seventeenth Dynasty – ruled as regent on behalf of her son Ahmose I. * Ahmose-Nefertari of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty – ruled as regent on behalf of her son Amenhotep I. Was later deified as a goddess in the centuries after her death. *

of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty – was initially regent on behalf of her step-son Thutmose III, before becoming a reigning co-ruling Pharaoh in her own right. * Mutemwiya of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty – ruled as regent on behalf of her son Amenhotep III. *

of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth Dynasty – ruled as regent on behalf of her step-son Siptah and became ruling Pharaoh after his death. Fatimid Caliphate * Sitt al-Mulk – regent from 1021 to 1023 during the reign of her nephew Ali az-Zahir. * Rasad – While never formally regent, she wielded a great deal of power during the reign of her son Al-Mustansir Billah and was the effective head of state from 1044 to 1062. Ayyubid Sultanate *

– ''de facto'' regent from November 1249 to February 1250.

Ethiopia

* Romna Wark (mother of Eskender) 1478-? * Eleni of Ethiopia, Eleni (regent) 1507–1516 * Mentewab (regent) 1723–1730 * Ga'ewa, regent of Mäzäga * Genne Fa, regent of Kingdom of Gera

Kongo Kingdom

* Isabel Maria da Gama of Kongo, Isabel Maria da Gama (regent) 1962–1975

Mwali

* Ravao (1840s) – regent during the early years of the reign of her daughter Djoumbé Fatima.

Sultanate of Tuggurt

* Lalla Aicha, regent of Touggourt, Aisha (regent)

Batlokwa

* Mmanthatisi (1813–1824) – regent on behalf of her son Sekonyela.

AmaMpondo

* Lombekiso MaSobhuza Sigcau Dlamini of Qaukeni * Bhongolwethu Fikilephi Ndamase of Nyandeni * Nobandla Sigcau

Bapedi

* Queen Manyako Thulare

Zulu

* Mantfombi Dlamini Zulu

Swaziland /Eswatini

* Labotsibeni Mdluli

Rharhabe

* Noloyiso Sandile

America

Yaxchilan

* Lady Eveningstar, Ik' Skull, also known as Lady Eveningstar (possibly ruled 742–752)

Asia

Abbasid Caliphate

* Al-Khayzuran (regent) 775-789 – ''de facto'' regent during the reigns of her husband Al-Mahdi and her sons Al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid * Shaghab (regent) 908-932 – ''de facto'' regent during the reign of her son Al-Muqtadir

Bhopal State

* Sikandar Begum (regent) 1844–1860 – regent on behalf of her daughter Shah Jahan Begum of Bhopal, Shah Jahan Begum before becoming the Nawab of Bhopal from 1860 to 1868. She was succeeded by her daughter.

China

Eastern Zhou * Queen Dowager Xuan * Zhao Weihou Han Dynasty * Empress Lü * Wang Zhengjun * Empress Dou (Zhang) * Deng Sui * Yan Ji * Liang Na * Dou Miao * Empress He (Han dynasty) Jin dynasty (266–420) * Jia Nanfeng * Yu Wenjun * Chu Suanzi Northern Wei * Empress Dowager Feng * Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei) Tang dynasty * Wu Zetian – she ruled first de facto co-ruler with her husband Emperor Gaozong until the end of his reign, and then as regent and thereafter as empress regnant in her own right * Empress Wei (Tang dynasty) Liao dynasty * Shulü Ping * Xiao Yanyan * Xiao Noujin Northern Liao * Xiao Puxiannü (:zh:蕭普賢女) Qara Khitai * Xiao Tabuyan * Yelü Pusuwan Western Xia * Lady Mozang * Empress Gongsu * Empress Zhaojian Northern Song (960–1127) * Empress Liu (Zhenzong) * Empress Cao (Song dynasty) * Empress Gao (Song dynasty) * Empress Xiang Southern Song Dynasty * Empress Meng * Empress Wu (Song dynasty) * Empress Yang (Song dynasty) * Xie Daoqing Yuan dynasty * Töregene Khatun * Oghul Qaimish * Budashiri Ming dynasty * Empress Zhang (Hongxi) * Empress Dowager Xiaoding Qing dynasty * Empress Dowager Ci'an * Empress Dowager Cixi * Empress Dowager Longyu Dongdan Kingdom *Empress Duanshun (:zh:端顺皇后) Kara Del * Nugandaširi () (ruled 1460–1467) – In Kara Del of Xinjiang, there was no king for eight years and queen mother Nugandaširi ruled there alone. Chagatai Khanate * Orghana

India

*prabhavatigupta,regent for her son divakarasena * Lakshmibai, regent for her adopted son Damodar Rao of Jhansi, Damodar Rao * Kittur Chennamma, regent for her adopted son Shivalingappa

= Garhwal Kingdom

= * Rani Karnavati of Garhwal, Rani Karnavati (regent)

= Gond

= * Rani Durgavati (regent) ?–1564

= Indo-Greek

= * Agathoclea (Indo-Greek), Agathoclea

= Maratha Empire

= * Tarabai (regent) 1700–1708

= Madurai Nayak Kingdom

= * Mangammal

Iran

* Atossa (regent) 522 BC-475 BC

Iraq

* Tandu Khatun

Korea

= Goguryeo

= * Queen Mother Buyeo, regent for Taejodae of Goguryeo, King Taejo

= Silla

= * Queen Jiso, regent for Jinheung of Silla, King Jinheung * Queen Sinmok, regent for Hyoso of Silla, King Hyoso * Queen Gyeongsu, regent for Hyegong of Silla, King Hyegong

= Goryeo

= * Queen Heonae, Queen Cheonchu, regent for Mokjong of Goryeo, King Mokjong * Queen Sasuk, regent for Heonjong of Goryeo, King Heonjong * Princess Deoknyeong, regent for Chungmok of Goryeo, King Chungmok and Chungjeong of Goryeo, King Chungjeong * Queen Gongwon, regent for U of Goryeo, King U

= Joseon

= * Queen Jeonghui, regent for Yejong of Joseon, King Yejong and Seongjong of Joseon, King Seongjong * Queen Munjeong, regent for Myeongjong of Joseon, King Myeongjong * Queen Insun, regent for Seonjo of Joseon, King Seonjo * Queen Jeongsun, regent for Sunjo of Joseon, King Sunjo * Queen Sunwon, regent for Heonjong of Joseon, King Heonjong and Cheoljong of Joseon, King Cheoljong * Queen Sinjeong, regent for Gojong of Joseon, King Gojong

Mongolia

* Töregene Khatun (regent) 1243–1246 * Oghul Qaimish (regent) 1248–1251 * Mandukhai Khatun (regent) 15th century

= Chagatai Khanate

= * Orghana, Orqina Khatun (regent) 1252–1260

= Golden Horde

= * Tulun Beg Khanum (regent) 1370–1373

= Kara-Khitan Khanate

= * Tabuyan (regent) 1144–1150 * Yelü Pusuwan (regent) 1164–1178

= Kashmir

= * Queen Didda, Didda (regent) 958-980 – she ruled first as a regent for her son and thereafter as sole ruler in her own right

= Kazan Khanate

= * Söyembikä of Kazan, Söyembikä (regent) (1549–1551)

Neo-Assyrian Empire

* Shammuramat (regent) 810-806 BC

Palmyrene Empire

* Zenobia (regent) 267–271

Ryukyu Kingdom

* Ogiyaka (regent)

Thailand

* Sri Bajarindra (regent) 1862–1955 * Sirikit (regent) 1950–2016

Vietnam

* Queen Cù thị (regent) 113–112 BC * Empress Dương Vân Nga (regent) 979–981 * Empress Empress Mother Thượng Dương, Thượng Dương (regent) 1072–1073 * Lady Ỷ Lan (first regent 1069–1070) (second regent 1072–1085(6,?)) * Empress Linh Chiếu (regent) 1138–1158

Europe

Armenia

* Zarmandukht (regent) 378–384

Croatia

* Helen of Zadar, Jelena Slavna (regent) 969-976

England

* Ælfthryth, wife of Edgar, Ælfthryth (regent) 978-984 * Matilda of Flanders – ruled as regent during the absences of her husband, William the Conqueror. * Eleanor of Aquitaine (regent) 1190–1191 * Eleanor of Provence (regent) 1253 * Isabella of France (regent) 1326–1330 * Philippa of Hainault (regent) 1346 * Joan of Navarre, Queen of England, Joan of Navarre (regent) 1399–1403 and 1415 * Catherine of Aragon (regent) six months in 1513 * Catherine Parr (regent) July–September 1544

France

* Balthild (regent) 657-659 * Anne of Kiev (regent) 1060–1066 * Adela of Champagne (regent) 1190 * Blanche of Castile (regent) 1226–1235 and 1248–1252 * Isabeau of Bavaria (regent) 1417–1420 * Joan the Lame – ruled as regent while her husband, Philip VI of France, fought in the Hundred Years' War. * Catherine de' Medici (regent) in 1552, 1560–1563 and in 1574 * Marie de' Medici (regent) 1610–1614 * Anne of Austria (regent) 1643–1651 * Maria Theresa of Spain (regent) 1667, 1672, 1678 * Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Marie Louise (regent) 1812 and 1814 * Eugénie de Montijo (regent) 1859, 1865 and 1870

Franks

* Richilde of Provence (regent) 877 * Fredegund (regent) 584-597 * Ermentrude of Orleans 823-869

Hungary

* Elizabeth of Bosnia (regent) 1382–1387

Illyrian Kingdom

* Teuta (regent) 231–227 BC * Etuta (regent) 169-168 BC * Beroea of Taulantii, Beroea (335 - 295 BC) * Charel (regent) 522-533 BC

Khazar

* Parsbit (regent) 730

Kievan Rus'

* Olga of Kiev, Olga (regent) 945-962

Netherlands

* Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Emma (regent) 1890–1898

Lombards

* Theodelinda (regent) 590-591

Ostrogoths

* Amalasuntha (regent) 526-534 Poland * Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary, Elizabeth (regent) 1370–1376

Portugal

José de Avelar Rebelo - Retrato da Rainha D

* Leonor Teles (regent) 1383–1384 * Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Eleanor of Aragon (regent) 1438–1439 * Eleanor of Viseu (regent) 1497–1499 * Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal, Catherine of Austria (regent) 1557–1562 * Luisa de Guzmán (regent) 1656–1662 * Catherine of Braganza (regent) 1701; 1704–1705 * Maria Anna of Austria (regent) 1742–1750 * Mariana Victoria of Spain (regent) 1776–1777

Russia

* Sophia of Lithuania (regent) 1425–1432 * Elena Glinskaya (regent) 1533–1538 * Natalya Naryshkina (regent) 1682 * Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia, Sophia Alekseyevna (regent) 1682–1689 * Anna Leopoldovna (regent) 1740–1741 David von Krafft-Porträtt av Hedvig Eleonora

David von Krafft-Porträtt av Hedvig Eleonora

Sarmatians

* Amage (ruled fl. 2nd-century)

Sweden

* Ingeborg of Norway, Ingeborg (''de facto'' regent 1318–1319) (''de jure'' regent 1319–1326) * Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, Hedwig Eleanor (regent) 1660–1672 & 1697

Roman Empire and immediate successors

* Agrippina the Younger (regent) 49 – 56, as Augusta of the Roman Empire, ruled during the time of her husband and son. * Julia Domna (regent) 197 – 217, as Augusta of the Roman Empire, ruled during the time of her husband and sons and she was the first woman in the Severan dynasty to rule. * Julia Maesa (regent) 218 – 224, The Severan dynasty was dominated by powerful women, one of which was Maesa. Politically able and ruthless, she contended for political power after her sister's suicide and Afterwards she held power until she died in Rome. * Julia Soaemias (regent) 218 – 222, After his son came to power, he came to power with his mother and She attended meetings of the senate, and even held a "Women's Senate" deciding on matters of fashion and protocol. She was honored with various titles, including 'Augusta, mater Augusti' (Augusta, mother of Augustus) and 'Mater castorum et senatus et totius domus divinae' (Mother of camp and the senate and the divine house). * Julia Avita Mamaea (regent) 222 – 235, She was the mother of Roman Emperor Alexander Severus and served as regent of Rome during his minority, de facto during his reign. also Alexander confirmed his esteem for his mother and named her consors imperii (imperial consort). * Ulpia Severina (regent) 275 – there is considerable numismatic evidence for Ulpia Severina ruling in her own right between the death of Aurelian and the election of Marcus Claudius Tacitus. Sources mention an interregnum between Aurelian and Tacitus, and some of Ulpia's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death. As such she may have been the only woman to rule over the whole Roman Empire in her own power.

= Bithynia

= * Etazeta (regent) 255–254 BC

= Byzantine Empire

= * Pulcheria (regent) 414–453 * Irene of Athens (as regent, ruled 780–790 and 792–797) – she ruled first as regent for her son and thereafter as empress regnant in her own right * Martina (empress) (regent) 613–641 * Theodora (wife of Theophilos), Theodora the Armenian (regent) – but some historians regard her as an empress regnant rather than just a regent * Eudokia Makrembolitissa (regent) – but some historians regard her as an empress regnant rather than just a regent

= Latin Empire

= * Yolanda of Flanders (regent) 1217–1219

Ottoman Empire

* Kösem Sultan, Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan (regent) 1623–1632 and 1648–1651 * Turhan Hatice Sultan (regent) 1651–1656

Legendary and mythological queens

Chile

* Vakai of Rapa Nui

China

* Nüwa

Congo

Kuba Kingdom

* Lobamba * Go Kadi * Gokare

Czech

* Libuše of Bohemia

Ethiopia

Claimed dates follow the Ethiopian calendar. * Borsa (4321–4254 BC) * Eylouka (3776–3731 BC) * Nehasset Nais (2434–2404 BC) * Cassiopeia (mother of Andromeda), Kasiyope (1890–1871 BC) – Originated from Greek mythology * Mumazes (1675–1671 BC) * Aruas (1671 BC) – Daughter of Mumazes * Helena (1358–1347 BC) * Queen of Sheba, Makeda (1013–982 BC) – The Bible, Biblical queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition * Nicauta Kandake I (740–730 BC) * Hadina (372–362 BC) * Nikawla Kandake II (342–332 BC) – An alternate name for the Queen of Sheba * Akawsis Kandake III (325–315 BC) * Nikosis Kandake IV (242–232 BC) * Awsena (99–88 BC) * Nicotnis Kandake V (35–25 BC) * Garsemot Kandake VI (40–50 AD) – Supposedly the ''Kandake'' from the Biblical story of the Ethiopian Eunuch * Wakana (230 AD) – Reigned for 2 days * Ahywa Sofya (299–332 AD) – Likely based on Sofya of Axum * Adhana I (369–374 AD) * Adhana II (412–418 AD)

Gideons Dynasty

* Gudit, (ruled c. 960 – c. 1000)

Sidama people

* Furra

Egypt

of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, Sixth Dynasty – Nitocris is mentioned within Herodotus' book Histories (Herodotus), ''Histories'' as being the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt

Greece

* Omphale of Lydia, wife of Heracles * Gerana, queen of Pygmy (Greek mythology), Pygmy

Amazons

* Otrera, the daughter of Eurus (the east wind) * Hippolyta, the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle * Penthesilea, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe * Antianara, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe * Eurypyle (Amazon), Eurypyle * Lampedo * Marpesia

India

* Sita, Goddess Sita of Kosala Kingdom, Ayodhya * Draupadi of Kuru Kingdom, Hastinapura and Indraprastha

Iran

* Humay Chehrzad

Iraq

* Semiramis, the legendary queen of king Ninus, succeeding him to the throne of Assyria * Nitocris of Babylon, the ruling queen of Babylon described by Herodotus in his Histories (Herodotus), ''Histories''

Ireland

* Macha, (ruled 661–654 BC) * Medb, Queen of Connacht

Italy

* Lavinia

Japan

* Empress Jingū (ruled 201–269) * Iitoyo

Korea

* Lady Saso, honorary queen regnant of Silla

Libya

* Cyrene (mythology), Cyrene, queen of the city Cyrene * Lamia, queen of Libya

Malaysia

* Siti Wan Kembang, Che Siti Wan Kembang of Kelantan

Mexico

Aztec Empire

* Atotoztli II (possibly ruled 1466–1472, disputed)

Mongolia

* Alan Gua, a mythical figure from the Secret History of the Mongols

Myanmar

* Panhtwar

Norway

* Lagertha

Pakistan

* Nur Bakht Khatun of Trakhan Dynasty * the Dareli queen of Trakhan Dynasty

Poland

* Princess Wanda, Wanda

Somalia

* Amel Ali of Somali mythology * Arawelo of Proto-Somali

Sudan

* Karimala of

(depicted in Semna) * Pelekh Candace of Meroë (c. 345–332 BCE)

Tunisia

* Dido (Queen of Carthage), Dido (ruled 814 – c. 760 BC) – also known as ''Alyssa''. Founder of Carthage, according to tradition

Turkey

* Zugalum of Harran (ruled 2400 BC)

Turkmenistan

* Zarinaea, legendary Sacae woman ruler, the sister of Cyraedus, and the wife of Marmares, ruler of the Parthians

United Kingdom

* Queen Gwendolen (ruled 11th century BCE) * Queen Cordelia (ruled 8th century BCE) * Queen Marcia (ruled 4th century BCE)

Vietnam

* Lady Po Nagar of Champa, According to Cham legend, was the founder of the Cham nation * Âu Cơ

Yemen

* Queen of Sheba, Bilkis in Yemen, claimed to be Queen of Sheba

Titular and current constituent queens

Botswana

* Mosadi Seboko (ruled 2002–present), the kgosikgolo of the Balete people

Brazil

* Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, Isabel, titular empress regnant of Brazil

Chile and Argentina

* Laure-Therese Cros, pretender to throne of Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (ruled 1903–1916)

Haiti

* Ti Memenne of La Gonâve (ruled ?–1929) – she was the tribal ruler of Gonâve Island, La Gonâve

Hungary

* Elizabeth of Luxembourg, claimant queen regnant of Hungary

Italy

* Catherine I, Latin Empress, Catherine I, titular empress regnant of Latin Empire * Catherine of Valois–Courtenay, Catherine II, titular empress regnant of Latin Empire * Isabella of Majorca, titular queen regnant of Majorca

Korea

* Yi Hae-won, titular empress regnant of Korean Empire (ruled 2006–2020)

Mexico

* María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide, María Josepha, titular empress regnant of Mexico

New Zealand

* Te Atairangikaahu, queen of Māori people, Māori (ruled 1966–2006)

Nigeria

* Ahebi Ugbabe

Panama and Costa Rica

* Rufina Santana, queen of Naso people (ruled 1982–1988)

Romania

* Margareta of Romania, pretender to throne of Kingdom of Romania

Spain

* Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster, Constance, claimant queen regnant of Castile * Joanna la Beltraneja, claimant queen regnant of Castile

Chieftainess

Burundi

* Nandabunga

Cameroon

* Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda

Dominican Republic

* Iguanamá (or Higuanamá), Cacique, Cacica of Higüey, one of the Chiefdoms of Hispaniola (ruled c. 1514)

Fiji

* Lala Mara, the Roko Tui Dreketi of Rewa Province, Rewa (ruled 1957–2004) * Teimumu Kepa, the Roko Tui Dreketi of Rewa Province, Rewa (ruled 2004–present)

Haiti

* Anacaona, Cacique, Cacica of Jaragua, Hispaniola, Jaragua, one of the Chiefdoms of Hispaniola

Israel

* Deborah, the only female judge of Israelite tribes in Biblical judges

Malawi

* Theresa Kachindamoto

New Zealand

Rarotonga

* Makea Te Vaerua Ariki, Ariki, High Chiefess of Rarotonga#Demographics and settlements, Te Au O Tonga (ruled 1845–1857) * Pa Upoko Takau Ariki, Ariki, High Chiefess of Rarotonga#Demographics and settlements, Takitumu (ruled 1855–1890) * Tinomana Mereana Ariki, Ariki, High Chiefess of Rarotonga#Demographics and settlements, Puaikura (ruled 1881–1908)

Nigeria

* Sarraounia

South Africa

Xhosa

* Nosizwe Tyali, Chief of Imingcangathelo * Nosiseko Gaika, Chief of Amambombo (Ngqika) * Nomasilakhe Komani, Chief of Imingqalasi

United States and Canada

Crow tribe

* Pine Leaf (ruled 1830s)

Giluts'aaw

* Victoria Young

Pamunkey

* Cockacoeske (ruled 1656–1686) * Queen Betty (ruled 1686–1708) * Queen Ann (Pamunkey chief), Queen Ann (ruled 1708–1723)

Puerto Rico

* Doña Ines, mother of Caciques Agueybaná and Agüeybaná II * Doña María, daughter of Cacique Bagnamanay * Yuisa, Cacica in the region near Loíza, Puerto Rico

Sakonnet

* Awashonks

Seneca tribe

* Queen Alliquippa (ruled 1754)

Wampanoag

* Weetamoo

Yemen

* Sharifa Fatima

Female rulers of feudal states and substates

Europe

Albania

= Duchy of Durazzo

= * Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo, Joanna (ruled 1348–1368)

= Principality of Albania

= * Helena Thopia (ruled 1402–1403)

= Principality of Valona

= * Komnina Balšić (ruled 1385–1396) * Ruđina Balšić (ruled 1414–1417)

Belgium

= Duchy of Brabant

= * Joanna, Duchess of Brabant, Joanna (ruled 1355–1406) * Mary of Burgundy, Mary (ruled 1477–1482) * Isabella Clara Eugenia (ruled 1598–1621), with Albert * Maria Theresa (ruled 1740–1780)

France

= Duchy of Aquitaine

= * Eleanor of Aquitaine (ruled 1137–1204)

= Counts and Dukes of Angoulême

= * Isabella of Angoulême (ruled 1202–1246)

Germany

= County of Veldenz

= * Agnes, Countess of Veldenz, ruled 1260–1277

= Duchy of Bar

= * Sophie, Countess of Bar ruled 1033–1093

Romania

= Principality of Transylvania

= * Catherine of Brandenburg (ruled 1629–1630) * Maria Theresa (ruled 1740–1780)

Female Rulers of crown land and personal union

Estonia

Part of the Kingdom of Denmark * Margaret Sambiria (ruled 1266–1282) * Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christina (ruled 6 November 1632 – 6 June 1654) Part of the Swedish Empire * Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora (ruled 5 December 1718 – 29 February 1720) Part of the Russian Empire * Catherine I (ruled 8 February 1725 – 17 May 1727) * Anna of Russia, Anna (ruled 13 February 1730 – 28 October 1740) * Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth (ruled 6 December 1741 – 5 January 1762) * Catherine II (ruled 9 July 1762 – 6 November 1796)

Finland

Part of the Kingdom of Sweden * Margaret I of Denmark (ruled 1389–1412) * Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christina (ruled 1632–1654) * Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora (ruled 1719–1720)

Iceland

Possession of Norway * Margaret I of Denmark, Margaret I (ruled 1388 – 28 October 1412)

Latvia

Swedish Livonia

* Ulrika Eleonora (ruled 1719–1720)

Slovakia

Part of the Kingdom of Hungary * Mary, Queen of Hungary, Mary (ruled 1382–1385 and 1386–1395) * Maria Theresa (Queen, "King") (ruled 1740–1780)

Slovenia

Duchy of Carniola

* Maria Theresa (ruled c. 1740–1780)

Ukraine

Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

* Maria Theresa (ruled c. 1772–1780)

Notes

Bibliography

* L. Pierotti Cei, ''Madonna Costanza, Regina di Sicilia e d'Aragona'', Mondadori, Milan 1995. * S. Runciman, ''I Vespri siciliani'', Rizzoli, Milan 1975.

External links

Contemporary reigning queens
(Zárate's Political Collections) {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Queens Regnant Lists of monarchs, *Queens regnant Lists of women by occupation Queens regnant, *