This is a list of
heads of state,
government leaders, and other rulers in any given century.
3rd millennium
:
''List of state leaders in the 21st century
This is a list of state leaders in the 21st century (2001–present) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with ...
''
::
Current state leaders
:::
'22 – '21 – '20 – '19 – '18 – '17 – '16 – '15 – '14 – '13 – '12 – '11 – '10 – '09 – '08 – '07 – '06 – '05 – '04 – '03 – '02
The apostrophe ( or ) is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets. In English, the apostrophe is used for two basic purposes:
* The marking of the omission of one ...
– '01
2nd millennium
:
''List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)
This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with li ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)
This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes ''minor'' ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in 20th-century British South Asia
This is a List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) AD, of British Raj. These polities are vassal states under a subsidiary alliance to the British Raj. Afghan monarchies are listed at List of state leaders in the 20th century (1 ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900)
This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1851–1900) AD, except for the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states, and those leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.
These polities are generally sovereign states, ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)''
::''
List of state leaders in the 19th-century Holy Roman Empire
This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century from the Holy Roman Empire up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806) AD.
Main
*Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany ( complete list, complete list) –
:* Francis II, Emperor El ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in 19th-century British South Asia subsidiary states''
:
''List of state leaders in the 18th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within British south Asia and its predecessor states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, bu ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in the 18th-century Holy Roman Empire''
::''
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 17th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, except for the List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire, leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the List of state leaders in 17th-century south Asia, lea ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in the 17th-century Holy Roman Empire''
::''
List of state leaders in 17th-century South Asia''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 16th century''
::''
List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire''
::''
List of state leaders in 16th-century South Asia
This is a list of state leaders in the 16th century (1501–1600) AD, of South Asia. These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes ''minor'' dependent territory, dependent territories, whose leaders can be found List of governors o ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 15th century''
::''
List of state leaders in the 15th-century Holy Roman Empire
This is a list of state leaders in the 15th century (1401–1500) AD, of the Holy Roman Empire.
Main
''Holy Roman Empire in Germany''
*Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany ( complete list, complete list) –
:*Rupert, King (1400–1410)
:* ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in 15th-century South Asia
This is a list of state leaders in the 15th century (1401–1500) AD, of South Asia. These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes ''minor'' dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 14th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 14th century (1301–1400) AD, except for the many leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.
Africa
Africa: Central
''Angola''
*Kingdom of Kongo: Kilukeni ( complete list) –
:*Lukeni lua Nimi, Manikongo ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in the 14th-century Holy Roman Empire
This is a list of state leaders in the 14th century (1301–1400) AD, of the Holy Roman Empire.
Main
''Holy Roman Empire in Germany''
* Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany ( complete list, complete list) –
:*Albert I, King (1298–1308 ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 13th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 13th century (1201–1300) AD, except for the many List of state leaders in the 13th-century Holy Roman Empire, leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.
Africa
Africa: Central
''Chad''
*Kanem–Bornu Empir ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in the 13th-century Holy Roman Empire
This is a list of state leaders in the 13th century (1201–1300) AD, of the Holy Roman Empire.
Main
*Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany ( complete list, complete list) –
:*Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1209–1215), King (1198–1209)
: ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 12th century''
::''
List of state leaders in the 12th-century Holy Roman Empire''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 11th century''
::''
List of state leaders in the 11th-century Holy Roman Empire''
1st millennium
:
''List of state leaders in the 10th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 10th century (901–1000) AD, except for the many List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire, leaders within the Holy Roman Empire.
Africa
Africa: East
''Ethiopia''
*Zagwe dynasty of Et ...
''
::''
List of state leaders in the 10th-century Holy Roman Empire''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 9th century''
:
''List of state leaders in the 8th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 8th century (701–800) AD.
Africa
Africa: Northeast
* Makuria ( complete list) –
:* Merkourios, King (696–710)
:*Simeon, King (early 8th century)
:*Abraham, King (early 8th century)
:* Markos, King ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 7th century''
:
''List of state leaders in the 6th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 6th century (501–600) AD.
Africa
Africa: East
* Kingdom of Aksum ( complete list) –
:*Ousas, King (c. 500)
:*Kaleb, King (c. 520)
:*Alla Amidas, King (fl. mid 6th century)
:*Wazena, King (fl. mid 6th ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 5th century''
:
''List of state leaders in the 4th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 4th century (301–400) AD.
Africa
Africa: East
*Kingdom of Aksum ( complete list) –
:* Aphilas, King (f. early 4th century)
:*Wazeba, King (f. early 4th century)
:*Ousanas, King (c.320)
:*Ezana, King ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 3rd century
This is a list of state leaders in the 3rd century (201–300) AD.
Africa
Africa: East
*Kingdom of Aksum ( complete list) –
:*GDRT, King (c.200)
:* `DBH, King (c.230–c.240)
:*Sembrouthes, King (c.250)
:*DTWNS, King (c.260)
:*Endubis, King ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 2nd century''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 1st century''
1st millennium BC
:
''List of state leaders in the 1st century BC
; State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century– State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century BC (100–1 BC).
Africa
Africa: Northcentral
''Libya''
* Cyrene ( complete list) –
:*P ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 2nd century BC
;List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC, State leaders in the 3rd century BC – List of state leaders in the 1st century BC, State leaders in the 1st century BC – Lists of state leaders by year, State leaders by year
This is a list of sta ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC''
:
''List of state leaders in the 4th century BC
; State leaders in the 5th century BC – State leaders in the 3rd century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 4th century BC (400–301 BC).
Africa: North
''Carthage''
*Carthage ( complete list) –
:''Didon ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 5th century BC
; State leaders in the 6th century BC – State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 5th century BC (500–401 BC).
Africa: North
''Carthage''
*Carthage: Magonids ( complete list) †...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 6th century BC''
:
''List of state leaders in the 7th century BC
; State leaders in the 8th century BC – State leaders in the 6th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 7th century BC (700–601 BC).
Africa: North
''Cyrene''
* Cyrene ( complete list) –
:* Battus ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 8th century BC
; State leaders in the 9th century BC – State leaders in the 7th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 8th century BC (800–701 BC).
Africa: North
''Carthage''
*Carthage ( complete list) –
:* Dido ...
''
:
''List of state leaders in the 9th century BC
; State leaders in the 10th century BC – State leaders in the 8th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 9th century BC (900–801 BC).
Africa: North
''Carthage''
*Carthage ( complete list) –
:*Di ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 10th century BC''
2nd millennium BC
:
'' List of state leaders in the 11th century BC''
:
''List of state leaders in the 12th century BC
; State leaders in the 13th century BC – State leaders in the 11th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 12th century BC (1200–1101 BC).
Africa: Northeast
''Egypt: New Kingdom''
*Nineteenth Dynasty ...
''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 13th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 14th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 15th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 16th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 17th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 18th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 19th century BC''
:
'' List of state leaders in the 20th century BC''
3rd–4th millennium BC
:
'' List of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC''
See also
*
Lists of state leaders
This list contains various lists of state leaders, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government. Typically this list includes presidents, prime ministers or monarchs.
* List of current heads of state and government
*Lists of state leaders ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:State leaders by year
Political timelines
Lists of years by topic