This is a list of special or exceptional tribunals and courts for the trying of people.
[Laughland, Joh]
''A history of political trials: from Charles I to Saddam Hussein''
p.242 Sometimes, courts that don't try people but curtail political freedoms are also derogatively called "special tribunals," as well as court that establish a privileged jurisdiction for powerful individuals or the government.
[Ian Bushnel]
''The Federal Court of Canada: a history, 1875–1992''
p.67 List coverage is through history and worldwide.
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Revolutionary Tribunal
The Revolutionary Tribunal (french: Tribunal révolutionnaire; unofficially Popular Tribunal) was a court instituted by the National Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders. It eventually became one of the ...
(France, 1792–1795)
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Exchequer Court of Canada (Canada, 1875–1971)
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Canadian Human Rights Commission
The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the ''Canadian Human Rights Act'' to investigate and to try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the pr ...
(Canada, 1977–)
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Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State (Italy, 1926–1943)
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Sondergerichte
A ''Sondergericht'' (plural: ''Sondergerichte'') was a German "special court". After taking power in 1933, the Nazis quickly moved to remove internal opposition to the Nazi regime in Germany. The legal system became one of many tools for this ai ...
(Germany, 1933–1945)
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People's Court (Germany)
The People's Court (german: Volksgerichtshof, acronymed to ''VGH'') was a ' ("special court") of Nazi Germany, set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law. Its headquarters were originally located in the former Prussian Hous ...
(Germany, 1934–1945)
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Special Tribunal for the Defense of the RSI State (Italy, 1943–1945)
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Court of Parties
A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordanc ...
(Egypt, 1977–)
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Tribunal de Orden Público
The ''Court of Public Order'' (Spanish: atribunal de Orden Público) was a court created in Francoist Spain to deal with most political crimes. It was instated as the supreme body in the newly created Public Order Jurisdiction, which also comprised ...
(Spain, 1963–1977)
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Audiencia Nacional of Spain
The Audiencia Nacional (; en, National Court) is a centralised court in Spain with jurisdiction over all of the Spanish territory. It is specialised in a certain scope of delinquency, having original jurisdiction over major crimes such as those ...
(Spain, 1977–)
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Iraqi Special Tribunal
The Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT), formerly the Iraqi Special Tribunal and sometimes referred to as the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal, is a body established under Iraqi national law to try Iraqi nationals or residents accused of genocide, crimes aga ...
(Iraq, 2003–)
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Special Tribunal for Lebanon
The Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), also referred to as the Lebanon Tribunal or the Hariri Tribunal, is a tribunal of international character applying Lebanese criminal law to carry out the investigation and prosecution of those responsib ...
(2009–)
See also
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Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt or innocence of the defendant. The actual trial has as its only goal the presentation of both the accusation and the verdict to the public so ...
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Political trial A political trial is a criminal trial with political implications. When the trial is carried out without the minimum guarantees of the rule of law, the political trial is the expression of a totalitarian or authoritarian system, where the administra ...
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A. V. Dicey
Albert Venn Dicey, (4 February 1835 – 7 April 1922), usually cited as A. V. Dicey, was a British Whig jurist and constitutional theorist. He is most widely known as the author of ''Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitutio ...
's
principle
A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the l ...
that people should not be judged by special courts.
References
{{Reflist
Political crimes
Special tribunals and courts
Special tribunals and courts
Special tribunals and courts