List Of Sovereign States By Public Debt on:
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Below is a list of countries and territories by public debt (also called government debt or sovereign debt). ''Gross'' government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments. A ''debt instrument'' is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. ''Net'' debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments. Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates.
Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues.
In the list below, government debt is measured for the ''general government'' sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial, regional, and local governments, and social security funds.
To make the numbers comparable across countries of different size, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country's
''(When data for 2021 is not available, numbers are IMF staff estimates)''
* indicates "Public debt of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Economy of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.
Below is a list of countries and territories by public debt (also called government debt or sovereign debt). ''Gross'' government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments. A ''debt instrument'' is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. ''Net'' debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments. Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates.
Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues.
In the list below, government debt is measured for the ''general government'' sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial, regional, and local governments, and social security funds.
To make the numbers comparable across countries of different size, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country's gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is of ...
(GDP). For context on the magnitude of the debt numbers, European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...
member countries have an agreement, the Stability and Growth Pact
The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is an agreement, among all of the 27 member states of the European Union, to facilitate and maintain the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Based primarily on Articles 121 and 126 of the Tre ...
(SGP), to maintain a general government gross debt of no more than 60% of GDP. The aim of the SGP is to prevent excessive debt burdens.
Government Debt as a Percentage of GDP in 2021
Source: International Monetary Fund: World Economic Outlook Database''(When data for 2021 is not available, numbers are IMF staff estimates)''
Public debt per capita
The figures here are represented per capita.* indicates "Public debt of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Economy of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.
See also
*List of countries by future gross government debt
This is a list of countries by estimated future gross central government debt based on data released in October 2020 by the International Monetary Fund, with figures in percentage of national GDP.
Projected debt estimates
See also
* List of ...
*List of countries by tax revenue to GDP ratio
This article lists countries alphabetically, with total tax revenue as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) for the listed countries. The tax percentage for each country listed in the source has been added to the chart.
Tax as ...
* List of countries by credit rating
* List of countries by corporate debt
* List of countries by household debt
* List of countries by external debt
* World debt
;Nation specific
*United States public debt
The national debt of the United States is the total national debt owed by the federal government of the United States to Treasury security holders. The national debt at any point in time is the face value of the then-outstanding Treasury sec ...
* Japan public debt
*United Kingdom national debt
The United Kingdom national debt is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of the United Kingdom at any time through the issue of securities by the British Treasury and other government agencies.
At the end of December 2021, UK ...
* Canadian public debt
* South African national debt
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Debt, public Debt-to-GDP ratio *List Lists of countries by population-related issuepublic
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociology, sociological concept of the ''Öf ...