List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

This is a list of
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
scientists and scholars from the
Muslim World The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. I ...
, including
Al-Andalus Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, ...
(Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the
modern age The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applie ...
, consisting primarily of scholars during the
Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
. For a list of contemporary Arab scientists and engineers see
List of modern Arab scientists and engineers The following is a non-conclusive list of some notable modern Arab scientists and engineers. For medieval Arab scientists and scholars, see List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars A * Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist, 1999 Nobel ...
Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing: :*''Al'' - the :* ''Ibn'', ''bin'', ''banu'' - son of :* ''abu, abi'' - father of, the one with


A

*
Ali ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam ...
(601,
Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
– 661,
Kufa Kufa ( ar, الْكُوفَة ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Currently, Kufa and Najaf ...
),
Arabic grammar Arabic grammar or Arabic language sciences ( ar, النحو العربي ' or ar, عُلُوم اللغَة العَرَبِيَّة ') is the grammar of the Arabic language. Arabic is a Semitic language and its grammar has many similarities with ...
ian,
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
,
theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
,
exegesis Exegesis ( ; from the Ancient Greek, Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation (logic), interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Bible, Biblical works. In modern usage, ...
and mystic *
Aisha Aisha ( ar, , translit=ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr; , also , ; ) was Muhammad's third and youngest wife. In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers" ( ar, links=no, , ʾumm al-mu'min, muʾminīn), ...
(613, Mecca – 678,
Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...
), Islamic scholar, hadith narrator, her intellect and knowledge in various subjects, including poetry and medicine. *
Abbas Ibn Firnas Abu al-Qasim Abbas ibn Firnas ibn Wirdas al-Takurini ( ar, أبو القاسم عباس بن فرناس بن ورداس التاكرني; c. 809/810 – 887 A.D.), also known as Abbas ibn Firnas ( ar, عباس ابن فرناس), Latinized Armen ...
, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, inventor * Aisha al-Bauniyya (1402–1475), an
Arab woman The roles of women in the Arab world have changed throughout history, as the culture and society in which they live has undergone significant transformations. Historically, as well as presently, the situation of women differs greatly between A ...
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
master and poet *
Avempace Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyà ibn aṣ-Ṣā’igh at-Tūjībī ibn Bājja ( ar, أبو بكر محمد بن يحيى بن الصائغ التجيبي بن باجة), best known by his Latinised name Avempace (;  – 1138), was an A ...
(1085,
Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...
– 1138,
Fez Fez most often refers to: * Fez (hat), a type of felt hat commonly worn in the Ottoman Empire * Fez, Morocco (or Fes), the second largest city of Morocco Fez or FEZ may also refer to: Media * ''Fez'' (Frank Stella), a 1964 painting by the moder ...
), philosopher, astronomer, physician * Ammar al-Mawsili (10th century, b.
Mosul Mosul ( ar, الموصل, al-Mawṣil, ku, مووسڵ, translit=Mûsil, Turkish: ''Musul'', syr, ܡܘܨܠ, Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate. The city is considered the second large ...
), ophthalmologist and physician * Ali al-Uraidhi (7th century, b. Medina), Muslim scholar *
Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Kahhal () ( fl. 1010 AD), surnamed "the oculist" (''al-kahhal'') was the best known and most celebrated Arab ophthalmologist of medieval Islam. He was known in medieval Europe as Jesu Occulist, a Latin translation of his ...
(fl. 1010), physician and ophthalmologist *
Ali al-Hadi ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُحَمَّد ٱلْهَادِي; 828 – 868 CE) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tenth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Muhammad al-Jawad. He ...
(829, Medina – 868,
Samarra Samarra ( ar, سَامَرَّاء, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The city of Samarra was founded by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim for his Turkish professional army ...
), Islamic scholar *
Ali ibn al-Madini Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn ʻAbdillāh ibn Jaʻfar al-Madīnī (778 CE/161 AH – 849/234) ( ar, أبو الحسن علي بن عبد الله بن جعفر المديني) was a ninth-century Sunni Islamic scholar who was influential in the sci ...
(778,
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
– 849, Samarra), Islamic scholar and traditionalist *
Ali ibn Ridwan Abu'l Hassan Ali ibn Ridwan Al-Misri () (c. 988 - c. 1061) was an Arab of Egyptian origin who was a physician, astrologer and astronomer, born in Giza. He was a commentator on ancient Greek medicine, and in particular on Galen; his commentary ...
(988,
Giza Giza (; sometimes spelled ''Gizah'' arz, الجيزة ' ) is the second-largest city in Egypt after Cairo and fourth-largest city in Africa after Kinshasa, Lagos and Cairo. It is the capital of Giza Governorate with a total population of 9.2 ...
– 1061,
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
), astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik *
Ali al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the e ...
(765, Medina – 818,
Tus Tus or TUS may refer to: * Tus (biology), a protein that binds to terminator sequences * Thales Underwater Systems, an international defence contractor * Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language, ISO 639-3 code Education * Technological Univ ...
), Islamic scholar and theologian *
Ahmad ibn Hanbal Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Dhuhli ( ar, أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل الذهلي, translit=Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal al-Dhuhlī; November 780 – 2 August 855 CE/164–241 AH), was a Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, hadith traditionist, and ...
(780, Baghdad – 855, Baghdad), theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist *
Ahmad al-Muhajir Ahmad al-Muhajir ( ar, أحمد المهاجر, ', ; 260-345 AH or c. 873-956 CE) also known as Al-Imām Aḥmad bin ʿĪsā was an Imam Mujtahid and the progenitor of Ba 'Alawi sada group which is instrumental in spreading Islam to India, South ...
(873, Basra – 956, Al-Husaisa), scholar and teacher *
Ahmad ibn Yusuf Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Tammam al-Siddiq Al-Baghdadi ( ar, أبو جعفر أحمد بن يوسف بن ابراهيم بن تمام الصديق البغدادي; 835–912), known in the West by his Latinized name Hametus, was a ...
(835, Baghdad – 912,
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
),
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...
*
Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri Abū Muṣʿab Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Qāsim ibn al-Ḥārith al-Zuhri ( ar, أبو مصعب أحمد بن أبي بكر القاسم بن الحارث الزهري), 767–856 CE / 150–242 AH, was a Muslim scholar and judge () who was a ...
(767, Medina – 856),
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
jurist *
Apollodorus of Damascus Apollodorus of Damascus ( grc, Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Δαμασκηνός) was a Nabataean architect and engineer from Damascus, Roman Syria, who flourished during the 2nd century AD. As an engineer he authored several technical treatises, ...
(50,
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
– 130), architect, engineer, and designer *
Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami ʻAbd al-Salām ibn Mashīsh al-ʻAlamī ( ar, عبد السلام بن مشيش العلمي) (b. ?–1227), was a Moroccan Sufi saint who lived during the reign of the Almohad Caliphate. Biography Virtually nothing is known about him excep ...
(1140, Jabal Alam – 1227, Jabal Alam), religious scholar of
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, r ...
* Abdullah ibn Umar (610, Mecca – 693, Mecca), Islamic scholar and hadith narrator *
Abd Allah al-Qaysi Abu Muhammad Abd Allah bin Muhammad bin Qasim bin Hilal bin Yazid bin 'Imran al-'Absi al-Qaysi () was an early Muslim jurist and theologian. Life Born in Islamic Spain, Ibn Qasim moved to Iraq for a time, and studied under Dawud al-Zahiri. He l ...
(d. 885, b.
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
), Muslim jurist and theologian *
Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamīmī ( ar, عبدالله بن إباض التميمي; died c. 700) was an Arab Islamic scholar and Kharijite from Basra, of the tribe of Banū Saʿd of Tamīm. In traditional Islamic historiography, he is the found ...
(d. 708, b. Basra), hadith narrator and theologian *
Abd al-Hamid al-Katib Abd al-Hamid ibn Yahya al-Katib ( ar, عبد الحميد بن يحيى الكاتب) was the secretary to the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, and a supreme stylist of early Arabic prose. Quote: :''Cultivate the Arabic language so that you may s ...
(d. 756), founder of Arabic prose *
Ibn Abbas ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās ( ar, عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس; c. 619 – 687 CE), also known as Ibn ʿAbbās, was one of the cousins of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is considered to be the greatest mufassir of the Qur'an ...
(619, Mecca – 687,
Ta'if Taif ( ar, , translit=aṭ-Ṭāʾif, lit=The circulated or encircled, ) is a city and governorate in the Makkan Region of Saudi Arabia. Located at an elevation of in the slopes of the Hijaz Mountains, which themselves are part of the Sarat M ...
), jurist and theologian *
Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad Imam Sayyid Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-Haddad ( ar-at, عبد الله ابن علوي الحدّاد, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlawī al-Ḥaddād; ) (born in 1634 CE) was a Yemeni Islamic scholar. He lived his entire life in the town of Tarim in Yemen' ...
(1634, Tarim – 1720, Tarim), Sufi saint and jurist * Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi (1146,
Jamma'in Jamma'in ( ar, جمّاعين) is a Palestinian people, Palestinian town in the northern West Bank located southwest of Nablus, northwest of Salfit and north of Ramallah. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a ...
– 1203), Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master * Abd al-Aziz Yemeni Tamimi (816,
Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...
– 944, Yemen), Sufi saint and scholar * Abu al-Fazal Yemeni Tamimi (842,
Hejaz The Hejaz (, also ; ar, ٱلْحِجَاز, al-Ḥijāz, lit=the Barrier, ) is a region in the west of Saudi Arabia. It includes the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif, and Baljurashi. It is also known as the "Western Provin ...
– 1034, Baghdad), Sufi saint and mystic *
Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali Abu al-Aswad al-Duʾali ( ar, أَبُو ٱلْأَسْوَد ٱلدُّؤَلِيّ, '; -16 BH/603 CE – 69 AH/689 CE), whose full name is ʾAbū al-Aswad Ẓālim ibn ʿAmr ibn Sufyān ibn Jandal ibn Yamār ibn Hīls ibn Nufātha ibn al-ʿĀd ...
(603–689, Basra), grammarian *
Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī (; full name: ''Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq al-Ashʿarī''; c. 874–936 CE/260–324 AH), often reverently referred to as Imām al-Ashʿarī by Sunnī Muslims, was an Arab Muslim scholar ...
(874, Basra – 936, Baghdad), philosopher, Shafi'i scholar and theologian * Abu Jafar al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), an
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
botanist, pharmacologist, physician and scholar *
Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi or, in full Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn al-ʿArabī al-Maʿāfirī al-Ishbīlī ( ar, أبو بكر محمّد ابن عبدالله ابن العربى المعافرى الأسفلى) born in Sevilla in 1076 ...
(1076,
Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...
– 1148), Islamic scholar and judge of
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
law *
Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam ibn Muḥammad Ibn Shujāʿ ( Latinized as Auoquamel, ar, أبو كامل شجاع بن أسلم بن محمد بن شجاع, also known as ''Al-ḥāsib al-miṣrī''—lit. "the Egyptian reckoner") (c. 850 – ...
(850–930), mathematician *
Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' Abu ʻAmr ibn al-ʻAlāʼ al-Basri ( ar, أبو عمرو بن العلاء; died 770 CE/154 AH) was the Qur'an reciter of Basra, Iraq and an Arab linguist. He was born in Mecca in . Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William ...
(689, Mecca – 770, Kufa) linguists and grammarian *
Abu Bakr al-Aydarus Abu Bakr al-ʿAydarūs, also known as Sayyid Abū Bakr al- ʿAdanī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAydarūs ( ar, أبو بكر العدني بن عبد الله العيدروس; 1447–1508J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, ''The Sufi Orders in Isl ...
(1447, Tarim – 1508,
Aden Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...
), religious scholar of
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, r ...
* Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (1029–1100), was an
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer *
Al-Ashraf Umar II Al‐Malik Al‐Ashraf (Mumahhid Al‐Din) Umar Ibn Yūsuf Ibn Umar Ibn Alī Ibn Rasul (), also as Umar Ibn Yusuf (or also Al-Asharaf Umar II) was the third Rasulid sultan and also an mathematician, astronomer and physician. Biography Umar Ibn ...
(1242, Yemen – 1296, Yemen), astronomer and ruler of Yemen *
Al-Akhfash al-Akbar Abu al-Khaṭṭāb ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn ʻAbd al-Majīd ( ar, أبو الخطاب عبد الحميد بن عبد المجيد; died 177 AH/793 CE), commonly known as Al-Akhfash al-Akbar ( ar, الأخفش الأكبر) was an Arab grammarian who ...
(d. 793, b. Basra), Arab grammarian *
Al-Awza'i Abū ʿAmr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAmr al-ʾAwzāʿī ( ar, أبو عمرو عبدُ الرحمٰن بن عمرو الأوزاعي) (707–774) was an Islamic scholar, traditionalist and the chief representative and eponym of the Awza'i, ʾAw ...
(707,
Baalbek Baalbek (; ar, بَعْلَبَكّ, Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman ...
– 774,
Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...
), jurist and theologian * Al-Asma'i (739, Basra – 831, Basra), pioneer of
zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...
,
botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...
and
animal husbandry Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock. Husbandry has a long history, starti ...
*
Ibn Abi Asim Abu Bakr Ahmad bin `Amr ad-Dahhak bin Makhlad ash-Shaibani ( ar, أبو بكرأحمد بن عمرو بن الضحاك بن مخلد الشيباني), widely known as Ibn Abi Asim ( ar, ابن أبي عاصم), was an Iraqi people, Iraqi Sunni I ...
(821, Basra – 900,
Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...
), scholar, famous or his work in the hadith science *
Ibn al-'Awwam Ibn al-'Awwam ( ar, ابن العوام), also called Abu Zakariya Ibn al-Awwam ( ar, أبو زكريا بن العوام), was a Muslim Arab agriculturist who flourished at Seville (modern-day southern Spain) in the later 12th century. He wrote a ...
(12th century, b. Seville), agriculturist and botanist *
Ibn al-Adim Kamāl al-Dīn Abū ʾl-Ḳāsim ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad ibn Hibat Allāh Ibn al-ʿAdīm (1192–1262; ) was an Arab biographer and historian from Aleppo. He is best known for his work ''Bughyat al-Talab fī Tārīkh Ḥalab'' (; ''Everything Desirable a ...
(1192,
Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...
– 1262,
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
), biographer and historian * Ibn al-A'lam (d. 985, Baghdad), astronomer and astrologer *
Ibn al-Athir Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī ( ar, علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري) lived 1160–1233) was an Arab or Kurdish historian a ...
(1160,
Cizre Cizre (; ar, جَزِيْرَة ٱبْن عُمَر, Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar, or ''Madinat al-Jazira'', he, גזירא, Gzira, ku, Cizîr, ''Cizîra Botan'', or ''Cizîre'', syr, ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܒܪ ܥܘܡܪ, Gāzartā,) is a city in the Cizre Dis ...
– 1233, Mosul), historian and biographer *
Ibn al-Abbar Ibn al-Abbār (), he was Hāfiẓ Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abū Bakr al-Qudā'ī al-Balansī () (1199–1260) a secretary to Hafsid dynasty princes, well-known poet, diplomat, jurist and hadith scholar from al ...
(1199,
Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
– 1260,
Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ...
), historian, poet, diplomat, theologian and scholar * Ibn al-Akfani (1286,
Sinjar Sinjar ( ar, سنجار, Sinjār; ku, شنگال, translit=Şingal, syr, ܫܝܓܪ, Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its p ...
– 1348, Cairo), Arab encyclopedist and physician *
Ibn 'Adlan ʻAfīf al-Dīn ʻAlī ibn ʻAdlān al-Mawsilī ( ar, عفيف لدين علي بن عدلان الموصلي ; 1187–1268 CE), born in Mosul, was an Arab cryptologist, linguist and poet who is known for his early contributions to cryptanalysi ...
(1187, Mosul – 1268, Cairo), cryptographer and poet *
Ibn Arabi Ibn ʿArabī ( ar, ابن عربي, ; full name: , ; 1165–1240), nicknamed al-Qushayrī (, ) and Sulṭān al-ʿĀrifīn (, , 'Sultan of the Knowers'), was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, extremely influenti ...
(1165,
Murcia Murcia (, , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country. It has a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one ...
– 1240, Damascus), Islamic scholar and philosopher *
Ibn Arabshah Abu Muhammad Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim also known as Muhammad ibn Arabshah () (1389–1450), was an Arab writer and traveller who lived under the reign of Timur (1370–1405).AKA, ISMAIL. 1996. “THE AGRICULTURAL ...
(1389, Damascus – 1450, Egypt), writer and traveller


B

* Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547,
Baalbek Baalbek (; ar, بَعْلَبَكّ, Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. In Greek and Roman ...
– 1621,
Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...
), philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer *
Bahlool Bahlūl ( ar, بهلول) was the common name of Wāhab ibn Amr (Arabic: ), a companion of Musa al-Kadhim. He lived in the time of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid, Hārūn al-Rashīd. Bahlūl was a well known judge and scholar who came from a wealthy ...
(d. 807, b.
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
), judge and scholar * Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad – 1037,
Esfarayen Esfarayen ( fa, اسفراین, also Romanized as Esfarāyen; formerly, Meyanābād, Mīānābād, and Mīyānābād) is a city and capital of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province in Iran. At the 2011 census its population was 60,372 persons ...
), mathematician * Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162, Baghdad – 1231, Baghdad), physician, historian, Egyptology, Egyptologist and traveler * Al-Baqillani (d. 1013, b.
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer * Al-Battani (850, Harran – 929,
Samarra Samarra ( ar, سَامَرَّاء, ') is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. The city of Samarra was founded by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mutasim for his Turkish professional army ...
), astronomer and mathematician * Al-Baladhuri (820, Baghdad – 892, Baghdad), historian * Ahmad al-Buni, Al-Buni (d. 1225), writer and mathematician * Al-Bakri (1014, Huelva – 1094, Córdoba, Spain, Cordoba), geographer and historian * Abu Said al-Baji, Al-Baji (1156, Beja – 1231, Sidi Bou Said), Sufi mystic and scholar * Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi (1256, Marrakesh – 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer * Ibn al-Baitar (1197, Málaga, Malaga – 1248,
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
), pharmacist, botanist, physician * Ibn Bassal (b. 1085, Toledo, Spain, Toledo), botanist and agronomist * Ibn Bassam (1058, Santarém, Portugal, Santarem – 1147), poet and historian * Ibn Butlan (1038, Baghdad – 1075), Arab Christian physician


C

* Saints Cosmas and Damian, Cosmas (d. 287, Yumurtalık, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint * Khalid bin Yazid, Calid (d. 704, Homs), Umayyad prince and alchemist * Callinicus (Sophist), Callinicus (3rd century), historian, Public speaking, orator,
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian and Sophism, sophist


D

*Saints Cosmas and Damian, Damian (d. 287, Yumurtalık, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint *Dawud al-Antaki (b. Idlib – d. 1599,
Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
), physician and pharmacist *Dawud Tai (1344–1405), Islamic scholar and
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
mystic *Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi (918,
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
– 995), Hanbali Islamic scholar *Al-Damiri (1344,
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
– 1405, Cairo), zoologist * Al-Dakhwar (1170, Damascus – 1230), physician * Al-Darimi (797, Samarkand – 869, Muscat), Islamic scholar and ''Hadith studies, muhaddith'' * Al-Dimashqi (geographer), Al-Dimashqi (1256, Damascus – 1327, Safed), geographer * Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi, Al-Dimashqi, Abu al-Fadl (12th-century), writer and economist *Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1359/62), cryptologist *Ibn Dihya al-Kalby, Ibn Dihya (1150,
Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
– 1235, Cairo), scholar of Arabic language and Islamic studies *Ibn Duraid (837,
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
– 934,
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
), geographer, genealogist, poet, and philologist *Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (1228, Yanbu – 1302), one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Sharia, Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the Shafi'i legal school


F

* Fatima al-Fihri (800, Kairouan – 880), science patron and founder of the University of Al Quaraouiyine, Al Quaraouiyine mosque *Fatimah bint Musa, Fatima bint Musa (790–816), theologian and saint *Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, Al-Farahidi (c. 718 – 791), writer and Philology, philologist, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic language, the ''Kitab al-Ayn'' *Abu l-Mahasin Yusuf al-Fasi, Al-Fasi, Abu al-Mahasin (1530–1604), Sufi saint *Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani, Al-Farghani (d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus * Ibn al-Furat (1334–1405), historian *Ibn al-Farid (c. 1181 – 1234), Arabic poet, writer, and philosopher *Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Ibn Fadlan (10th century), writer, traveler, member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars


G

*Genethlius (3rd century), sophist and
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian from Petra *Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi, Al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), 12th-century oculist *Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani, Al-Ghassani (1548–1610), physician


H

* Haly Abenragel (d. 1037), Islamic astrology, astrologer, best known for his ''Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm'' *Harbi al-Himyari (8th century), alchemist *Hasan al-Rammah (d. 1295), chemist and engineer *Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer *Hunayn ibn Ishaq (809–873), Arab Christian scholar, physician, and scientist *Heliodorus (sophist), Heliodorus (3rd century), sophist of Arab origin *Hisham ibn al-Kalbi (d. 819), historian *Hafsa bint Sirin (651–719), scholar of Islam *Harun ibn Musa (d. 786), scholar of the Arabic language and Islamic studies. *Harith al-Muhasibi (781–857), philosopher, theologian and Sufi scholar *Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, Abu'l-Hasan al-Bayhaqi (1097–1169), astronomer and historian *Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi (12th century), traveler, merchant and sailor *Abul Hasan Hankari (1018–1093), philosopher, theologian and jurist *Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani, Al-Hamdani (893–945), geographer, historian and astronomer *Al-Humaydī, Al-Humaydī al-Azdi (1029–1095), historian *Al-Harith ibn Kalada (d. 634–35), physician *Allamah Al-Hilli, Al-Hilli (1250–1325), Twelver Shia theologian *Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam (803–871), Egyptian historian *Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari, Ibn al-Haj (1250–1336), scholar and theologian writer *Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040), physicist and mathematician * Ibn Hawqal (943–969), writer, geographer, and chronicler * Ibn Hubal (1122–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium * Ibn Hisham (d. 835), historian and biographer *Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (1503–1566), jurist and theologian


I

* Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī (d. 777), mathematician and astronomer *Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (670–717), theologian, Islamic scholar *Ibrahim an-Nazzam, Ibrahim al-Nazzam (c. 775 – c. 845), Mu'tazilite theologian and poet *Iamblichus (c. 245 – c. 325), Neoplatonism, Neoplatonist philosopher, mystic and philosopher *Iamblichus (novelist), Iamblichus (c. 165 – 180), novelist and
rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
ian *Ismail Qureshi al Hashmi (1260–1349), Sufism, Sufi scholar *Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206), scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist *Ibrahim ibn Adham (718–782), ascetic
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
saint *Ismail ibn al-Ahmar (1324–1407), historian *Ishaq ibn Hunayn (c. 830 – c. 910/1), physician and translator *Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam (1181–1262), theologian and jurist * Al-Idrisi (1099–1166), geographer and cartographer * Al-ʻIjliyyah, (10th-century), female maker of astrolabes * Ibn Abi Ishaq (d. 735), earliest known grammarian of the Arabic language * Ibn Ishaq (704–761), historian and hagiographer


J

*Ja'far al-Sadiq (702–765), theologian and alchemist *Jabir ibn Aflah (1100–1150), astronomer and mathematician who invented torquetum * Jabir ibn Hayyan (died c. 806–816), alchemist and polymath, pioneer of organic chemistry; may also have been Persian *Jābir ibn Zayd (8th century), theologian and jurist *Abu Mansur Mauhub al-Jawaliqi, Al-Jawaliqi (1074–1144), grammarian and philologist * Al-Jahiz (776–869), historian, biologist and author *Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī, Al-Jayyānī (989–1079), mathematician and author * Al-Jawbari (fl. 1222), alchemist and writer * Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali, Al-Jabali (d. 976), physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus * Al-Jubba'i (d. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher *Ismail al-Jazari, Al-Jazari (1136–1206), inventor, engineer, artisan, mathematician *Al-Jarmi (d. 840), grammarian of Arabic Language *Ibn al-Jazzar (10th century), influential 10th-century physician and author *Ibn al-Jawzi (1116–1201), heresiographer, historian, hagiographer and philologist *Ibn Juzayy (d. 1357), historian, scholar and writer of poetry *Ibn Juljul (c. 944–c. 994), physician and pharmacologist * Ibn Jazla (11th century), physician and author of influential treatise on regimen *Ibn Jubayr (1145–1217), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals


K

*Khalifah ibn Khayyat (777–854), Arab historian * Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī, Al-Khalili (1320–1380), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use * Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1002–1071), Islamic scholar and historian * Abu 'Ali al-Khayyat, Al-Khayyat (c. 770–c. 835), astrologer and a student of Mashallah ibn Athari, Mashallah * Al-Kindi (c. 801–873), Early Islamic philosophy, Arab philosopher, Islamic mathematics, mathematician, Islamic astronomy, astronomer, Islamic medicine, physician and Islamic geography, geographer *Ibn al-Khabbaza (d. 1239), historian and poet *Ibn al-Kammad (d. 1195), astronomer *Ibn al-Kattani (951–1029), scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet *Ali ibn Khalaf (11th century), astronomer *Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374), polymath, poet, writer, historian, philosopher, physician *Ibn Kathir (c. 1300–1373), influential Sunni scholar and historian *Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), historian, sociologist, and philosopher


L

* Al-Laqani (d. 1631), mufti of
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
law, a scholar of Hadith, a scholar of theology and author of one of the didactic poems on Ash'ari theology *Al-Lakhmi (1006–1085), jurist in the
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
school


M

* Malik ibn Anas (711–795), theologian, and hadith traditionist * Maslama al-Majriti (950–1007), astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist *Moulay Brahim (d. 1661 CE), Sufi saint *Mujir al-Din (1456–1522), qadi and historian *Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi (1624–1698), mystic, biographer and historian *Mohammed al-Arbi al-Fasi (1580–1642), author *Mohammed ibn Qasim al-Tamimi (1140–1207), hadith scholar and biographer *Mohammed ibn Nasir (1603–1674), theologian, scholar and physician *Makhdoom Ali Mahimi (1372–1431), Muslim scholar and saint *Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875), Islamic scholar, theologian and famous hadith compiler *Mujahid ibn Jabr (645–722), Islamic scholar and jurist *Mohammed ibn al-Tayyib (1698–1756), linguist, historian and scholar of fikh and hadith *Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī (d. 796 or 806), Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer *Muhammad al-Baghdadi (d. 1037), mathematician *Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi (d.1165), an
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
doctor, ophthalmologist and pharmacist *Muhammad Ibn Wasi' Al-Azdi (d. 751), Islamic scholar of ''hadith'', judge and soldier *Muhammad al-Shaybani (749/50 – 805), father of Muslim international law *Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi (900–960), Arab alchemist *Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam (d. 1174), physician, musician and astrologer *Abu Mikhnaf (d. 774), historian *Abu Madyan (1126–1198), influential Al-Andalus, Andalusian mystic and a
Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ...
master *Al-Masudi (896–956), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, Sri Lanka and China, spent his last years in Syria and
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
*Al-Maʿarri (973–1057), blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer *Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), historian *Al-Muqaddasi, Al-Maqdisi (946–991), medieval Arab geographer, author of ''Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim'' (''The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions'') *Al-Maziri (1061–1141 CE), jurist in the
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
school *Al-Mubarrad (826–898), grammarian and linguist *Al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik (11th century), mathematician *Al-Musabbihi (977–1030), Fatimid historian *Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi (11th century) mechanical engineer and inventor * Ibn al-Majdi (1359–1447), mathematician and astronomer * Ibn Manzur (1233–1312), lexicographer and linguist *Ibn Malik (1203/1204 or 1204/1025 – 21 February 1274) grammarian *Ahmad ibn Mājid, Ibn Mājid (1432–1500), navigator and poet *Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196), mathematician and grammarian


N

*Niftawayh (858–935), grammarian * Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji (d. 1204), Islamic astronomy, astronomer and Islamic philosophy, philosopher; the Alpetragius crater on the Moon is named after him *Nadr ibn al-Harith (d. 624 CE), physician and practitioner *Nafi ibn al-Harith (d. 13 AH/634–35), physician *Abu Jaʿfar an-Nahhas (d. 338), grammarian *Al-Nawawi (1234–1277), hadith scholar * Al-Nuwayri (1279–1333), historian and encyclopedist *Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), Islamic medicine, physician and author, the first to describe pulmonary circulation, compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects *Ibn al-Nadim (d. 995), bibliophile of
Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
and compiler of the Arabic encyclopedic catalogue known as 'Al-Fihrist, Kitāb al-Fihrist'


Q

*Qadi Ayyad (1083–1149), biographer and historian *Qatāda ibn Di'āma (d. 735/736), traditionalist, hadith, tafsir, Arabic poetry and genealogy *Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (660/62–728/30), Islamic scholar *Abū al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Qalaṣādī, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Qalaṣādī (1412–1486), mathematician from Al-Andalus specializing in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence *Al-Qabisi (d. 967), astrologer and mathematician * Al-Qadi al-Nu'man (d. 974), official historian of the Fatimid caliphs *Ahmad al-Qalqashandi, Al-Qalqashandi (1355/56–1418), writer and mathematician *Al-Qushayri (986–1074), theologian and philosopher *Al-Qastallani (1448–1517), jurist and theologian * Al-Qifti (1172–1248), historian * Al-Qurtubi (1233–1286), muhaddith and faqih * Ibn al-Qūṭiyya (d. 977), Andalusian historian * Ibn al-Quff (1233–1286), physician *Ibn al-Qasim (750–806), jurist in the
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
school *Ibn al-Qalanisi (c. 1071–1160), chronicler and historian *Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (1292–1350), theologian, and spiritual writer *Ibn Qudamah (1147–1223), theologian


R

* Rabia of Basra (714–801), philosopher and Sufi mystic *Rashidun al-Suri (1177–1241), physician and botanist *Raja ibn Haywah (7th century), architect, jurist and Arabic calligraphist *Rufaida Al-Aslamia (b. 620), physician *Al-Ruhawi (9th century), physician *Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi, Ibn Abi Ramtha (7th century), physician *Ibn al‐Raqqam (1250–1315), astronomer, mathematician and physician * Ibn Rajab (1335–1392/93), Islamic scholar


S

*Sahnun (776–854), Islamic scholar and
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
jurist *Said al-Andalusi (1029–1070), astronomer, historian and philosopher *Said ibn al-Musayyib (642–715 CE), jurist and theologian *Sa'id ibn Aws al-Ansari (d. 830), linguist *Shihab al-Umari (1300–1349), historian *Sayf ibn Umar (1428–1497), historian *Sufyan al-Thawri (716–778), Islamic scholar and jurist *Sa'id ibn Jubayr (665–714), theologian and jurist *Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah (725–814), religious scholar and theologian *Sidi Mahrez (951–1022), scholar, jurist and Qadi *Sibt al-Maridini (1423–1506), astronomer and mathematician *Sitt al-Wuzara' al-Tanukhiyyah, Sitt al-Wuzara al-Tanukhiyyah (1226/1226-1338), an Arab woman scholar *Sulaiman Al Mahri, Sulaiman al-Mahri (1480–1550), geographer *Abu al-Salt (c. 1068–1134), astronomer, physician and alchemist *Abu Amr Ishaq ibn Mirar al-Shaybani, Abu Amr al-Shaybani ((d. 821/28), lexicographer and collector of Arabic poetry *Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi (1013–1119), theologian *Al-Shafi‘i (767–820 CE), Islamic scholar *Al-Sakhawi (1428–1497), hadith scholar and historian *Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid (c. 948–1022 CE), Twelver Shia theologian *Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (1320–1388), Islamic legal scholar *As-Suwaydi (physician), Al-Suwaydi (1204–1292), physician *Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah (7th century), healer, wise woman and practiced folk-medicine *Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi (951–1022), Druze theologian and commentator *Al-Suhayli (1114–1185), grammarian and scholar of law. *Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī, Al-Ṣaidanānī (10th century), astronomer *Ibn al-Shatir (1304–1375), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model *Ibn al-Saffar (d. 1035), astronomer *Ibn al-Samh (979–1035), mathematician and astronomer * Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi (1213–1286), geographer * Ibn Sab'in (d. 1271), last philosopher of the Al-Andalus, Andalus *Ibn Sidah (c.1007–1066), grammarian and lexicographer *Ibn Sirin (d. 729), mystic, psychologist and interpreter of dreams *Ibn Sa'd (784–845), scholar and Arabian biographer * Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (670–741), historian *Abu Bakr Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Abu Bakr (1200–1261), Medieval theologian *Fatḥ al-Din Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, Fath al-Din (1272–1334), Medieval theologian


T

*Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526–1585), physician, mathematician, clockmaker and astronomer *Taqi al-Din al-Subki (1284 CE–1355 CE), scholar, jurist and judge *Taj al-Din al-Subki (1327/28–1370), historian and jurist *Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi, Taqi al-Din Muhammad al-Fasi (1373–1429), historian, scholar, Muhaddith, hafith, faqih and
Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as primary ...
qadi *Taqiyya Umm Ali bint Ghaith ibn Ali al-Armanazi (1111-1183), an Arab woman poet and scholar *Theodore Abu Qurrah (750–825), theologian and bishop *Thābit ibn Qurra (826–902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator *Al-Tabarani (873–970), Islamic scholar *Al-Tughrai (c. 1061–1122), physician and alchemist *Al-Tahawi (843–933), jurist and a Hadith studies, hadith scholar *Al-Tighnari (1073–1118), agronomist, botanist, biologist *Al-Tamimi, the physician, Al-Tamimi (10th-century), physician from Palestine (region), Palestine *Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī, Al-Tawhīdī (923–1023), philosopher and thinker *Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 1328), theologian and logician *Ibn al-Tiqtaqa (d. 1310), historian *Sayyed Ibn Tawus, Ibn Tawus (1193–1266), astrologer *Ibn Tufail (1105–1185), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official *Ibn Al-Thahabi, Ibn al-Thahabi (d. 1033), physician and author of the first known alphabetical encyclopedia of medicine


U

* Usama ibn Munqidh (1095–1188), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat *Urwah ibn Zubayr (7th century), historian and jurist *Umm al-Darda (7th century), jurist and theologian *Umm Darda as Sughra, Umm Darda al-Sughra (7th century), jurist and scholar of Islam *Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim, Umm Farwah (8th century), hadith narrator and saint *Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi, Al-Uqlidisi (920–980), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals *Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-ʿUrḍī, Al-Urḍī (d. 1266), astronomer *Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270), physician and historian, wrote ''Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'' (''Lives of the Physicians'') *Ibn Uthal (7th century), physician *Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi, Ibn Umail, (10th century), alchemist and mystic


W

* Waddah al-Yaman (d. 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems *Wasil ibn Ata (700–748), theologian and founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought *Abu Isa al-Warraq, Al-Warraq (889–994), scholar and critic of religions *'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i, Al-Wafa'i (1408–1471), astronomer * Ibn al-Wafid (997–1074), pharmacologist and physician * Ibn al-Wardi (1292–1342), historian *Ibn Wahb (743–813 CE), jurist of Maliki school *Ibn Wahshiyya (10th century), Arab alchemist and agriculturalist


Y

*Yahya ibn Aktham (d. 857), jurist *Yaʿīsh ibn Ibrāhīm al-Umawī, Yaʿīsh al-Umawī (1400–1489), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic *Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud (11th century), mathematician *Abu Yusuf (735–798), Islamic scholar *Ibn Yunus (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer


Z

*Zayn al-Din al-Amidi (d. 1312 AD), Islamic scholar and inventor *Zaynab bint al-Kamal (1248–1339), Arab woman scholar *Disciples of Plotinus#Zethos, Zethos (3rd-century), neoplatonist and disciple of Plotinus *Zakariya al-Qazwini (d. 1283), physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer *Zakariyya al-Ansari (c. 1420–1520), Islamic scholar and mystic *Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Zayn al-Abidin (659–713), Muslim scholar and Twelver Imam *Al-Zahrawi (936–1013), Islam's greatest medieval surgeon, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the Renaissance, considered the "father of surgery", wrote ''Al-Tasrif'', a thirty-volume collection of Islamic medicine, medical practice *Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar (788–870), historian and genealogist *Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī, Al-Zarqali (1028–1087), Islamic mathematics, mathematician, influential Islamic astronomy, astronomer, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous Tables of Toledo *Ibn Zuhr (1091–1161), prominent Islamic medicine, physician of the Medieval Islamic period *Ibn Zafar al Siqilli (1104–1172), Arab-Sicilian philosopher and polymath


Notes


See also

*Science in the medieval Islamic world *List of Christian scientists and scholars of the medieval Islamic world *List of scientists in medieval Islamic world *
List of modern Arab scientists and engineers The following is a non-conclusive list of some notable modern Arab scientists and engineers. For medieval Arab scientists and scholars, see List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars A * Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian-American chemist, 1999 Nobel ...
*List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars *List of Turkic scholars *List of Arabs {{DEFAULTSORT:Arab Scientists And Scholars Scientists of the medieval Islamic world, * Arab scientists, Lists of Arabs, Scientists and scholars Lists of scientists by nationality Medieval Arabs, * Scholars of the medieval Islamic world, * Medieval Islamic world-related lists People of the medieval Islamic world by ethnicity