Brazil has a
multi-party system since 1979, when the
country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced
two-party system
A two-party system is a political party system in which two major political parties consistently dominate the political landscape. At any point in time, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually refe ...
and allowed the creation of multiple parties.
Above the broad range of political parties in
Brazilian Congress, the
Workers' Party (PT), the
Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB),
Liberal Party (PL), the
Progressives
Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, techn ...
(PP) and the
Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the
absolute majority
A supermajority, supra-majority, qualified majority, or special majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority r ...
of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties. The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018.
However, an
Electoral threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can ...
system introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as the threshold cuts access to
party subsidies Party subsidies or public funding of political parties are subsidies paid by the government directly to a political party to fund some or all of its political activities. Most democracies (in one way or the other) provide cash grants (state aid) fro ...
and the free
party political broadcasts.
Brazilian parties have access to
party subsidies Party subsidies or public funding of political parties are subsidies paid by the government directly to a political party to fund some or all of its political activities. Most democracies (in one way or the other) provide cash grants (state aid) fro ...
in form of the ''Fundo Partidário'' () and the ''Fundo Eleitoral'' () for elections.
[Fundo Partidário (estudo)](_blank)
. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005. And a system of free
party political broadcasts during election time known as the ''horário eleitoral gratuito''.
Since 1982 Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for
PDS, 2 for
PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for
PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). They also have official abbreviations. Political parties often change their names but can retain their number.
Current parties
Non-registered parties
Waiting for registration in the
Superior Electoral Court:
Former and historical parties
Merged parties of New Republic (since 1979)
Other former parties of New Republic (since 1979)
Military dictatorship (1965–1979)
Fourth Republic (1945–1965)
Old Republic and Second Republic (1891–1937)
Empire (before 1891)
See also
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Centrão
In Brazilian politics, the ''centrão'' ( – ) refers to a group of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and aim at ensuring proximity to the executive branch in order to guarantee advantages and all ...
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List of political parties by country
This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organizat ...
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Liberalism in Brazil
This article gives an overview of liberal parties in Brazil. It is limited to liberalism, liberal political party, parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to ano ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Political Parties In Brazil
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
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Political parties
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...
Political parties
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...