This is a list of famous

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

s in history.

Chronological lists

Ancient physicians

30th century BCE to 4th century CE * List of ancient physicians

Post-classical physicians

5th century CE to 15th century CE * List of post-classical physicians

Early modern physicians

16th century CE to the mid-18th century CE * List of early modern physicians

Late modern physicians

mid-18th century CE to the mid-20th century CE * List of late modern physicians

Physicians famous for their role in advancement of medicine

* William Osler Abbott (1902–1943) — co-developed the Miller-Abbott tube * William Stewart Agras (born 1929) — feeding behavior * Virginia Apgar (1909–1974) —

anesthesiologist Anesthesiology, anaesthesiology, or anaesthesia is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicin ...

who devised the

Apgar score The Apgar score is a quick way for doctors to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar ...

used after

childbirth Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. In 2019, there were about 140.11 million births glob ...

Jean Astruc Jean Astruc (19 March 1684, in Sauve, France – 5 May 1766, in Paris) was a professor of medicine in France at Montpellier and Paris, who wrote the first great treatise on syphilis and venereal diseases, and also, with a small anonymously publ ...

(1684–1766) — wrote one of the first treatises on

syphilis Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium '' Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, a ...

Averroes Ibn Rushd ( ar, ; full name in ; 14 April 112611 December 1198), often Latinized as Averroes ( ), was an Andalusian polymath and jurist who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psy ...

(1126–1198) — Andalusian polymath *

Avicenna Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic ...

(980–1037) — Persian physician *

Gerbrand Bakker Gerbrand Bakker may refer to: * Gerbrand Bakker (physician) Gerbrand Bakker (Enkhuizen, November 1, 1771 – Groningen, June 15, 1828) was an eminent Dutch physician, professor at the University of Groningen. He first studied medicine with M.S. ...

(1771–1828) — Dutch physician, with works in Dutch and Latin on midwifery, practical surgery, animal magnetism, worms, the human eye, comparative anatomy, and the anatomy of the brain *

Frederick Banting Sir Frederick Grant Banting (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, physician, painter, and Nobel laureate noted as the co-discoverer of insulin and its therapeutic potential. In 1923, Banting and Joh ...

(1891–1941) — isolated

insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism ...

Christiaan Barnard Christiaan Neethling Barnard (8 November 1922 – 2 September 2001) was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant operation. On 3 December 1967, Barnard transplanted the heart of accident-v ...

(1922–2001) — performed first heart transplant * Charles Best (1899–1978) — assisted in the discovery of

* Norman Bethune (1890–1939) — developer of battlefield surgical techniques * Theodor Billroth (1829–1894) — father of modern abdominal surgery * Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910) — first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States; first openly identified woman to receive a medical degree; pioneered the advancement of women in medicine * Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) — noted for his research on the medical condition of shock and the development of the Blalock-Taussig Shunt, surgical relief of the cyanosis from

Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. Classically, the four defects are: *pulmonary stenosis, which is narrowing of the exit from the r ...

, known commonly as the blue baby syndrome, with his assistant Vivien Thomas and pediatric

cardiologist Cardiology () is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the cardiovascular system. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular ...

Helen Taussig Helen Brooke Taussig (May 24, 1898 – May 20, 1986) was an American cardiologist, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. She is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the l ...

* James Carson (1772–1843) *

Charaka Charaka was one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is known as an editor of the medical treatise entitled ''Charaka Samhita'', one of the foundational texts of classical ...

( – 200 CE) —

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

n physician *

Jean-Martin Charcot Jean-Martin Charcot (; 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He worked on hypnosis and hysteria, in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes. Charcot is know ...

(1825–1893) — pioneering neurologist * Guy de Chauliac (1290–1368) — one of the first physicians to have an experimental approach towards medicine; also recorded the

Black Death The Black Death (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality or the Plague) was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to 1353. It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, causi ...

* Anna Manning Comfort (1845-1931) — first woman medical graduate to practice in the state of Connecticut * Loren Cordain (born 1950) —

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

nutritionist and exercise physiologist, Paleolithic diet *

Harvey Cushing Harvey Williams Cushing (April 8, 1869 – October 7, 1939) was an American neurosurgeon, pathologist, writer, and draftsman. A pioneer of brain surgery, he was the first exclusive neurosurgeon and the first person to describe Cushing's disease ...

(1869–1939) —

neurosurgeon; father of modern-day brain surgery * Garcia de Orta (1501–1568) — revealed herbal medicines of

, described

cholera Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium '' Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting an ...

* Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964) — pathologist and bacteriologist; credited with the discovery of sulfonamidochrysoidine (KI-730), the first commercially available antibiotic; won 1939 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine *

Charles R. Drew Charles Richard Drew (June 3, 1904 – April 1, 1950) was an American surgeon and medical researcher. He researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his expert knowledge to devel ...

(1904–1950) —

blood transfusion Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood products into a person's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but mo ...

pioneer *

Helen Flanders Dunbar Helen Flanders Dunbar (May 14, 1902 – August 21, 1959) — later known as H. Flanders Dunbar — is an important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine and psychobiology, as well as being an important advocate of physicians and clergy ...

(1902–1959) — important early figure in U.S.

psychosomatic medicine Psychosomatic medicine is an interdisciplinary medical field exploring the relationships among social, psychological, behavioral factors on bodily processes and quality of life in humans and animals. The academic forebear of the modern field o ...

Galen Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus ( el, Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 – c. AD 216), often Anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. Considered to be o ...

(129–) —

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...

physician and anatomist *

Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich (; 14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a Nobel Prize-winning German physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Among his foremost achievements were finding a cure ...

(1854–1915) — German scientist; won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; developed

Ehrlich's reagent Ehrlich's reagent or Ehrlich reagent is a reagent containing ''p''-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and thus can act as an indicator to presumptively identify indoles and urobilinogen. Several Ehrlich tests use the reagent in a medical test; so ...

Christiaan Eijkman Christiaan Eijkman ( , , ; 11 August 1858 – 5 November 1930) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of antineuritic vitamins (thiamine). Together wit ...

(1858–1930) —

pathologist Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in th ...

, studied

beriberi Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1). A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. The two main types in adults are wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system, r ...

* Pierre Fauchard — father of

dentistry Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of ...

* René Gerónimo Favaloro (1923–2000) —

Argentine Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, ...

cardiac surgeon who created the coronary bypass grafting procedure *

Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what ...

(1881–1955) — Scottish scientist, inventor of penicillin * Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553) — wrote on

, forerunner of germ theory *

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts i ...

(1856–1939) — founder of

psychoanalysis PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might ...

* Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008) — studied

Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...

Nobel prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

winner * George E. Goodfellow (1855–1910) — recognized as first U.S. civilian trauma surgeon, expert in gunshot wound treatment * Henry Gray (1827–1861) —

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...

anatomist and surgeon, creator of ''

Gray's Anatomy ''Gray's Anatomy'' is a reference book of human anatomy written by Henry Gray, illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter, and first published in London in 1858. It has gone through multiple revised editions and the current edition, the 42nd (Octo ...

'' *

Ernst Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new s ...

(1834–1919) — physician and anatomist *

William Harvey William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made influential contributions in anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, the systemic circulation and propert ...

(1578–1657) —

physician, described the

circulatory system The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, tha ...

* Henry Heimlich (1920–2016) — inventor of the Heimlich maneuver and the Vietnam War-era chest drain valve * Orvan Hess (1906–2002) —

fetal heart monitor Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technique used to monitor the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy and labour. The machine used to perform the monitoring is called a cardiotocograph. Fetal heart sounds was described as earl ...

and first successful use of

penicillin Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from '' Penicillium'' moulds, principally '' P. chrysogenum'' and '' P. rubens''. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum usin ...

Hippocrates Hippocrates of Kos (; grc-gre, Ἱπποκράτης ὁ Κῷος, Hippokrátēs ho Kôios; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history o ...

(–370 BCE) —

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

father of

medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pr ...

* John Hunter (1728–1793) — father of modern surgery, famous for his study of anatomy * Kurt Julius Isselbacher (1928–2019) — Former editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, prominent Gastroenterologist, founder of the

Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is the third oldest general hospital in the United Stat ...

Cancer Center, Association of American Physicians Kober Medal winner *

Edward Jenner Edward Jenner, (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was a British physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines, and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms ''vaccine'' and ''vaccination'' are derived f ...

(1749–1823) —

physician popularized

vaccination Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulat ...

Elliott P. Joslin Elliott Proctor Joslin (June 6, 1869 – January 28, 1962) was the first doctor in the United States to specialize in diabetes and was the founder of today's Joslin Diabetes Center. Joslin was involved for seven decades in most aspects of diabete ...

(1869–1962) — pioneer in the treatment of

diabetes Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level ( hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased ...

Carl Jung Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, ph ...

(1875–1961) —

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland *Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri *Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia *Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports * Swiss Internation ...

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their sy ...

* Leo Kanner (1894–1981) —

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

known for work on

autism The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism or in the context of a professional diagnosis autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental condition (or conditions) characterized by difficulti ...

* Seymour Kety (1915–2000) — American neuroscientist *

Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch ( , ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera (though the bacteri ...

(1843–1910) — formulated Koch's postulates *

Theodor Kocher Emil Theodor Kocher (25 August 1841 – 27 July 1917) was a Swiss physician and medical researcher who received the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid. Among his many a ...

(1841–1917) — thyroid surgery; first surgeon to win the

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

* Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781–1826) — inventor of the

stethoscope The stethoscope is a medical device for auscultation, or listening to internal sounds of an animal or human body. It typically has a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the skin, and one or two tubes connected to two earpieces. ...

Janet Lane-Claypon Janet Elizabeth Lane-Claypon, Lady Forber (3 February 1877 – 17 July 1967) was an English physician. She was one of the founders of the science of epidemiology, pioneering the use of cohort studies and case-control studies. Early life an ...

(1877–1967) — pioneer of

epidemiology Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evi ...

Thomas Linacre Thomas Linacre or Lynaker ( ; 20 October 1524) was an English humanist scholar and physician, after whom Linacre College, Oxford, and Linacre House, a boys' boarding house at The King's School, Canterbury, are named. Linacre was more of a sc ...

(1460–1524) — founder of

Royal College of Physicians The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) is a British professional membership body dedicated to improving the practice of medicine, chiefly through the accreditation of physicians by examination. Founded by royal charter from King Henry VIII in 1 ...

Joseph Lister Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912) was a British surgeon, medical scientist, experimental pathologist and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery and preventative medicine. Joseph Lister revolutionised the craft of ...

(1827–1912) — pioneer of

antiseptic An antiseptic (from Greek ἀντί ''anti'', "against" and σηπτικός ''sēptikos'', "putrefactive") is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putre ...

surgery Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pa ...

* Richard Lower (1631–1691) — studied the lungs and heart, and performed the first blood transfusion *

Paul Loye Paul Loye (1861–1890) was a French physician and "préparateur" for various physiological courses at the Sorbonne in the 1880s. His greatest contribution lay in his observations on the functions and organization of the brain and nervous system.Au ...

(1861–1890) — studied the nervous system and decapitation * Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig (1790–1865) — German physician known for his 1836 publication on the condition now known as Ludwig's angina *

Amato Lusitano João Rodrigues de Castelo Branco, better known as Amato Lusitano and Amatus Lusitanus (1511–1568), was a notable Portugal, Portuguese Jewish physician of the 16th century. He is sometimes is said to have discovered the valves in the vena ...

(1511–1568) — discovered venous valves, studied blood circulation * Madhav (8th century A.D.) — medical text author and systematizer *

Maimonides Musa ibn Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (); la, Moses Maimonides and also referred to by the acronym Rambam ( he, רמב״ם), was a Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah ...

(1135–1204) * Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) — Italian anatomist, pioneer in

histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures v ...

* Barry Marshall (born 1951) *

Charles Horace Mayo Charles Horace Mayo (July 19, 1865 – May 26, 1939) was an American medical practitioner and was one of the founders of the Mayo Clinic along with his brother William James Mayo, Augustus Stinchfield, Christopher Graham, E. Star Judd, Henry ...

(1865–1939) — co-founder,

Mayo Clinic The Mayo Clinic () is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research. It employs over 4,500 physicians and scientists, along with another 58,400 administrative and allied health staf ...

William James Mayo William James Mayo (June 29, 1861 – July 28, 1939) was a physician and surgeon in the United States and one of the seven founders of the Mayo Clinic. He and his brother, Charles Horace Mayo, both joined their father's private medical practic ...

(1861–1939) — co-founder, Mayo Clinic * William Worrall Mayo (1819–1911) — co-founder, Mayo Clinic * Salvador Mazza (1886–1946) —

epidemiologist who helped in controlling

American trypanosomiasis Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by '' Trypanosoma cruzi''. It is spread mostly by insects in the subfamily '' Triatominae'', known as "kissing bugs". The symptoms change over the ...

* William McBride (1927-2018) — discovered teratogenicity of thalidomide *

Otto Fritz Meyerhof Otto Fritz Meyerhof (; April 12, 1884 – October 6, 1951) was a German physician and biochemist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Biography Otto Fritz Meyerhof was born in Hannover, at Theaterplatz 16A (now:Rathenaustra ...

(1884–1951) — studied muscle metabolism;

* George Richards Minot (1885–1950) — Nobel prize for his study of

anemia Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin. When anemia comes on slowly, t ...

* B. K. Misra - first neurosurgeon in the world to perform image-guided surgery for

aneurysm An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. Aneurysms may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus ( ...

s, first in South Asia to perform

stereotactic radiosurgery Stereotactic surgery is a minimally invasive form of surgical intervention that makes use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation, biopsy, lesion, inje ...

, first in India to perform awake craniotomy and laparoscopic spine surgery. *

Frederic E. Mohs Frederic Edward Mohs (March 1, 1910 – July 2, 2002) was an American physician and general surgeon who developed the Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) technique in 1938 to remove skin cancer lesions while still a medical student at the University ...

(1910–2002) — responsible for the method of surgery now called

Mohs surgery Mohs surgery, developed in 1938 by a general surgeon, Frederic E. Mohs, is microscopically controlled surgery used to treat both common and rare types of skin cancer. During the surgery, after each removal of tissue and while the patient waits, ...

* Egas Moniz (1874–1955) — developed lobotomy and brain artery angiography * Richard Morton (1637–1698) — identified tubercles in consumption (phthisis) of lungs; basis for modern name

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, ...

Herbert Needleman Herbert Leroy Needleman (December 13, 1927 – July 18, 2017) researched the neurodevelopmental damage caused by lead poisoning. He was a pediatrician, child psychiatrist, researcher and professor at the University of Pittsburgh, an elected ...

(1927–2017) — scientifically established link between

lead poisoning Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertil ...

and neurological damage; key figure in successful efforts to limit lead exposure * Charles Jean Henri Nicolle (1866–1936) —

microbiologist A microbiologist (from Greek ) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of para ...

who won Nobel prize for work on

typhus Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. ...

* Ian Olver (born 1953) * Gary Onik (born 1952) — inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostate and the liver *

William Osler Sir William Osler, 1st Baronet, (; July 12, 1849 – December 29, 1919) was a Canadian physician and one of the "Big Four" founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Osler created the first residency program for specialty training of phys ...

(1849–1919) — "father of modern medicine" *

Ralph Paffenbarger Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Jr. (October 21, 1922 – July 9, 2007, Santa Fe, New Mexico) was an epidemiologist, ultramarathoner, and professor at both Stanford University School of Medicine and Harvard University School of Public Health. Paffenbarger ...

(1922–2007) — conducted classic studies demonstrating conclusively that active people reduce their risk of

heart disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, h ...

and live longer * George Papanicolaou (1883–1962) — Greek pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection; inventor of the Pap smear *

Paracelsus Paracelsus (; ; 1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance. He ...

(1493–1541) — founder of

toxicology Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating e ...

Ambroise Paré Ambroise Paré (c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. He is considered one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology and a pi ...

(1510–1590) — advanced surgical wound treatment * Wilder Penfield (1891–1976) — pioneer in

neurology Neurology (from el, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the brain, the spinal ...

Marcus Raichle Marcus E. Raichle (born March 15, 1937) is an American neurologist at the Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Missouri. He is a professor in the Department of Radiology with joint appointments in Neurology, Neurobiology and B ...

(born 1937) — father of functional neuroimaging *

Santiago Ramón y Cajal Santiago Ramón y Cajal (; 1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist specializing in neuroanatomy and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or M ...

(1852–1934) — father of modern neuroscience for his development of the

neuron theory The neuron doctrine is the concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells, a discovery due to decisive neuro-anatomical work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and later presented by, among others, H. Waldeyer-Hartz. The term ' ...

* Joseph Ransohoff (1915–2001) — neurosurgeon who invented the modern technique for removing brain tumors * Sir

William Refshauge Major General Sir William Dudley Duncan Refshauge, (3 April 1913 – 27 May 2009) was an Australian soldier and public health administrator. He was Honorary Physician to Queen Elizabeth II (1955–64), director-general of the Australian Govern ...

(1913–2009) —

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ...

n public health administrator * Rhazes (–925) ( Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi) * Juan Rosai (1940–2020) — advanced surgical pathology; discovered the

desmoplastic small round cell tumor Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive and rare cancer that primarily occurs as masses in the abdomen. Other areas affected may include the lymph nodes, the lining of the abdomen, diaphragm, spleen, liver, chest wall, skull ...

and Rosai–Dorfman disease * Jonas Salk (1914–1995) — developed a vaccine for

polio Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe sy ...

Lall Sawh Lall Ramnath Sawh CMT, FRCS (Edin), FACS (born 1 June 1951) is a Trinidadian urologist in the Caribbean and Latin America. Based in Trinidad and Tobago, Sawh was a pioneer of kidney transplantation in the Caribbean in 1988 and is a recognized lea ...

(born 1951) —

Trinidadian Trinidadians and Tobagonians, colloquially known as Trinis or Trinbagonians, are the people who are identified with the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The country is home to people of many different national, ethnic and religious origins. As a ...

surgeon/urologist and pioneer of kidney transplantation in the Caribbean *

Martin Schurig Martin Schurig (1656–1733) was the first physician to occupy himself with the anatomy of the sexual organs.sexual organ A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal or plant that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. In animals, the testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, a ...

s. *

Ignaz Semmelweis Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (; hu, Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp ; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician and scientist, who was an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures. Described as the "saviour of mothers", he discovered that t ...

(1818–1865) — a pioneer of avoiding cross-infection — introduced hand washing and instrument cleaning * Victor Skumin (born 1948) — first to describe a previously unknown disease, now called Skumin syndrome (a disorder of the

central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all p ...

of some

patient A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other heal ...

s after receiving a prosthetic heart valve) *

John Snow John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the ...

(1813–1858) — anaesthetist and pioneer epidemiologist who studied

Thomas Starzl Thomas Earl Starzl (March 11, 1926 – March 4, 2017) was an American physician, researcher, and expert on organ transplants. He performed the first human liver transplants, and has often been referred to as "the father of modern transplantatio ...

(1926–2017) — performed the first liver transplant *

Andrew Taylor Still Andrew Taylor Still, DO (August 6, 1828 – December 12, 1917) was the founder of osteopathic medicine. He was also a physician and surgeon, author, inventor and Kansas territorial and state legislator. He was one of the founders of Baker Univer ...

(1828–1917) — father of

osteopathic Osteopathy () is a type of alternative medicine that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's muscle tissue and bones. Practitioners of osteopathy are referred to as osteopaths. Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques ...

medicine *

Susruta The ''Sushruta Samhita'' (सुश्रुतसंहिता, IAST: ''Suśrutasaṃhitā'', literally "Suśruta's Compendium") is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subje ...

() —

n physician and pioneering

surgeon In modern medicine, a surgeon is a medical professional who performs surgery. Although there are different traditions in different times and places, a modern surgeon usually is also a licensed physician or received the same medical training as ...

* Thomas Sydenham (1642–1689) — clinician *

James Mourilyan Tanner James Mourilyan Tanner, (1 August 1920 – 11 August 2010) was a British paediatric endocrinologist who was best known for his development of the Tanner scale, which measures the stages of sexual development during puberty. He was a professo ...

(1920–2010) — developed Tanner stages and advanced auxology *

Helen B. Taussig Helen Brooke Taussig (May 24, 1898 – May 20, 1986) was an American cardiologist, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. She is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the l ...

(1898–1986) — founded field of pediatric cardiology, worked to prevent thalidomide marketing in the US * Carlo Urbani (1956–2003) — discovered and died from

SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the first identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species, ''seve ...

* Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) — Belgian anatomist, often referred to as the founder of modern

human anatomy The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a hea ...

Vidus Vidius Guido Guidi (Latinized name Vidus Vidius) (10 February 1509 – 26 May 1569), was an Italian surgeon, anatomist and translator. Biography His father was a physician and his mother was the daughter of the painter Domenico Ghirlandajo. After p ...

(1508–1569) — first professor of medicine at the College Royal and author of medical texts *

Rudolf Virchow Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (; or ; 13 October 18215 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" and as the founder ...

(1821–1902) —

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

pathologist, founder of fields of comparative pathology and cellular pathology * Carl Warburg (1805–1892) — German/ British physician and clinical pharmacologist, inventor of

Warburg's Tincture Warburg's tincture was a pharmaceutical drug, now obsolete. It was invented in 1834 by Dr. Carl Warburg. Warburg's tincture was well known in the Victorian era as a medicine for fevers, especially tropical fevers, including malaria. It was conside ...

, a famed antipyretic and antimalarial medicine of the Victorian era * Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883–1970) — German physiologist, medical doctor; Nobel prize 1931 * Allen Oldfather Whipple (1881–1963) — devised the Whipple procedure in 1935 for treatment of

pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of pancr ...

* Priscilla White (1900–1989) — developed classification of diabetes mellitus and pregnancy to assess and reduce the risk of

miscarriage Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. Miscarriage before 6 weeks of gestation is defined by ESHRE as biochemica ...

birth defect A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. The disabilities ca ...

stillbirth Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source. It results in a baby born without signs of life. A stillbirth can result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. The term ...

, and

maternal death Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines maternal death as the death of a pregnant mother due to complications related to pre ...

* Carl Wood (1929–2011) — developed and commercialized in-vitro fertilization * Alfred Worcester (1855–1951) — pioneer in geriatrics, palliative care, appendectomy, cesarean section, student health, nursing education * Ole Wormius (1588–1654) — pioneer in

embryology Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, ''embryon'', "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, '' -logia'') is the branch of animal biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embr ...

* Sir Magdi Yacoub (born 1935) — one of the leading developers of the techniques of

heart The heart is a muscular Organ (biology), organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as ca ...

and heart-lung transplantation * Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — first physician in space (1964) * Zhang Xichun (1860–1933) — first physician to integrate Chinese and Western medicine

Physicians famous chiefly as eponyms

Among the better known

eponym An eponym is a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. The adjectives which are derived from the word eponym include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Usage of the word The term ''epon ...

s: * Thomas Addison (1793–1860) –

Addison's disease Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrena ...

Alois Alzheimer Alois Alzheimer ( , , ; 14 June 1864 – 19 December 1915) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin. Alzheimer is credited with identifying the first published case of "presenile dementia", which Kraep ...

(1864–1915) –

Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As ...

* Hans Asperger (1906–1980) – Asperger syndrome *

John Brereton Barlow John Brereton Barlow (24 October 1924 – 10 December 2008) was a world-renowned South African cardiologist. He qualified as a doctor in 1951, gained experience as a registrar in Hammersmith Hospital and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School in ...

(1924–2008) – Barlow's syndrome *

Karl Adolph von Basedow Carl Adolph von Basedow (28 March 1799 – 11 April 1854) was a German physician most famous for reporting the symptoms of what could later be dubbed Graves-Basedow disease, now technically known as exophthalmic goiter. Biography Basedow was bo ...

– Basedow disease * Hulusi Behçet –

Behçet's disease Behçet's disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body. The most common symptoms include painful sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth and other parts of the body, inflammation of parts of the ey ...

Paul Broca Pierre Paul Broca (, also , , ; 28 June 1824 – 9 July 1880) was a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that is named after him. Broca's area is involve ...

–

Broca's area Broca's area, or the Broca area (, also , ), is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere, usually the left, of the brain with functions linked to speech production. Language processing has been linked to Broca's area since Pier ...

* David Bruce –

Brucellosis Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever. The ...

Denis Parsons Burkitt Denis Parsons Burkitt, MD, FRCS(Ed), FRS (28 February 1911 – 23 March 1993) was an Irish surgeon who made significant advances in health, such as the etiology of a pediatric cancer, now called Burkitt's lymphoma, and the finding that rates ...

–

Burkitt lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, the Irish surgeon who first described the disease in 1958 while working in equatorial Afric ...

Albert Calmette Léon Charles Albert Calmette ForMemRS (12 July 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. He discovered the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an attenuated fo ...

(1863–1933) –

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin. In countries where tuberculosis or leprosy is common, one dose is recommended ...

(BCG), a

vaccine A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified.

for

Carlos Chagas Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas, or Carlos Chagas (; July 9, 1879 – November 8, 1934), was a Brazilian sanitary physician, scientist, and bacteriologist who worked as a clinician and researcher. He discovered Chagas disease, also called ''A ...

(1879–1934) –

Chagas disease Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by ''Trypanosoma cruzi''. It is spread mostly by insects in the subfamily '' Triatominae'', known as "kissing bugs". The symptoms change over the co ...

(1825–1893) – '' Maladie de Charcot'',

Charcot joints Neuropathic arthropathy (or neuropathic osteoarthropathy), also known as Charcot joint (often Charcot foot) after the first to describe it, Jean-Martin Charcot, refers to progressive degeneration of a weight-bearing joint, a process marked by bo ...

Charcot's triad Charcot's cholangitis triad is the combination of jaundice; fever, usually with rigors; and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It occurs as a result of ascending cholangitis (an infection of the bile duct in the liver). When the presentation al ...

, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease * Jerome W. Conn (1907–1981) – Conn's Syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) *

Burrill Bernard Crohn Burrill Bernard Crohn (June 13, 1884 – July 29, 1983) was an American gastroenterologist who made the first major advance to identify the disease that now bears his name. Although the description of Crohn's disease is by far his most famous ac ...

(1884–1983) –

Crohn's disease Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody if inflammation is severe), fever, abdominal distensi ...

– Cushing's disease *

John Langdon Down John Langdon Haydon Down (18 November 1828 – 7 October 1896) was a British physician best known for his description of the genetic condition now known as Down syndrome, which he originally classified in 1862. He is also noted for his work in ...

–

Down syndrome Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual d ...

Bartolomeo Eustachi Bartolomeo Eustachi (c. 1500–1510 – 27 August 1574), also known by his Latin name of Bartholomaeus Eustachius (), was an Italian anatomist and one of the founders of the science of human anatomy. Biography Bartolomeo Eustachio (known as Eu ...

–

Eustachian tube In anatomy, the Eustachian tube, also known as the auditory tube or pharyngotympanic tube, is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear, of which it is also a part. In adult humans, the Eustachian tube is approximately long and in d ...

Gabriele Falloppio Gabriele Falloppio (also Gabrielle Falloppia) (1522/23 – 9 October 1562) was an Italian anatomist often known by his Latin name Fallopius. He was one of the most important anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century, giving his name ...

–

Fallopian tube The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes, oviducts or salpinges (singular salpinx), are paired tubes in the human female that stretch from the uterus to the ovaries. The fallopian tubes are part of the female reproductive system. In o ...

Camillo Golgi Camillo Golgi (; 7 July 184321 January 1926) was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia (where he later spent most of his professional career) betwe ...

(1843–1926) –

Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus (), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles i ...

* Ernst Gräfenberg – Gräfenberg spot (G-spot) * Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814) –

guillotine A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at t ...

Gerhard Armauer Hansen Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen () (29 July 1841 – 12 February 1912) was a Norwegian physician, remembered for his identification of the bacterium '' Mycobacterium leprae'' in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy. His distinguished work wa ...

– Hansen's disease * Thomas Hodgkin –

Hodgkin's disease Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma, in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the patient's lymph nodes. The condition ...

* George Huntington –

Huntington's disease Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is a neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited. The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental abilities. A general lack of coordination and an uns ...

* Moritz Kaposi – Kaposi's sarcoma * Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig (1790–1865) – Ludwig's angina *

Charles Mantoux Charles Mantoux (; May 14, 1877, Paris – 1947) was a French physician and the developer of the eponymous serological test for tuberculosis. He graduated from the University of Paris, where he studied under Broca. For health reasons, he relocate ...

(1877–1947) –

Mantoux test The Mantoux test or Mendel–Mantoux test (also known as the Mantoux screening test, tuberculin sensitivity test, Pirquet test, or PPD test for purified protein derivative) is a tool for screening for tuberculosis (TB) and for tuberculosis diagn ...

for

Antoine Marfan Antoine Bernard-Jean Marfan (; June 23, 1858 – February 11, 1942) was a French paediatrician. He was born in Castelnaudary (département Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon) to Antoine Prosper Marfan and Adélaïde Thuries. He began his medical studie ...

(1858–1942) –

Marfan syndrome Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. Those with the condition tend to be tall and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. They also typically have exceptionally flexible joints a ...

* Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) – Mitchell's disease *

James Paget Sir James Paget, 1st Baronet FRS HFRSE (11 January 1814 – 30 December 1899) (, rhymes with "gadget") was an English surgeon and pathologist who is best remembered for naming Paget's disease and who is considered, together with Rudolf Virch ...

(1814–1899) – Paget's disease * James Parkinson (1755–1824) –

Parkinson's syndrome Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. These are the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease (PD), after which it is named, dementia with Le ...

* Juan Rosai (1940–2020) – Rosai–Dorfman disease * Daniel Elmer Salmon –

Salmonella ''Salmonella'' is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The two species of ''Salmonella'' are '' Salmonella enterica'' and '' Salmonella bongori''. ''S. enterica'' is the type species and is ...

Gunnar B. Stickler Gunnar B. Stickler (13 June 1925 – 4 November 2010) was a pediatrician who made substantial contributions to the field of pediatrics. He was the first scientist to describe a hereditary condition now known as Stickler syndrome. Early life Gunnar ...

– Stickler syndrome *

Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette (; 30 October 1857 – 22 May 1904) was a French neurologist and the namesake of Tourette syndrome, a neurological condition characterized by tics. His main contributions in medicine were in ...

– Tourette syndrome * Max Wilms (1867–1918) – Wilms' tumor *

Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson (December 6, 1878 – May 12, 1937) was an American-born British neurologist. His research of hepatolenticular degeneration led the disease to be named after him as Wilson's disease. He was the father of British ...

– Wilson's disease

Physicians famous as criminals

John Bodkin Adams John Bodkin Adams (21 January 18994 July 1983) was an Irish-born British general practitioner, convicted fraudster, and suspected serial killer. Between 1946 and 1956, 163 of his patients died while in comas, which was deemed to be worthy of ...

– British general practitioner; suspected

serial killer A serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more persons,A * * * * with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them. While most authorities set a threshold of three ...

, thought to have killed over 160 patients; acquitted of one murder in 1957 but convicted of prescription fraud, not keeping a dangerous drug register, obstructing a police search and lying on cremation forms * Karl Brandt (1904–1948) –

Nazi human experimentation Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust. Chief target po ...

* Edme Castaing – murderer * George Chapman – Polish poisoner and

Jack the Ripper Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer active in and around the impoverished Whitechapel district of London, England, in the autumn of 1888. In both criminal case files and the contemporaneous journalistic accounts, the killer w ...

suspect * Robert George Clements – murderer * Nigel Cox – only British doctor to be convicted of attempted

euthanasia Euthanasia (from el, εὐθανασία 'good death': εὖ, ''eu'' 'well, good' + θάνατος, ''thanatos'' 'death') is the practice of intentionally ending life to eliminate pain and suffering. Different countries have different eut ...

Thomas Neill Cream Thomas Neill Cream (27 May 1850 – 15 November 1892), also known as the Lambeth Poisoner, was a Scottish-Canadian medical doctor and serial killer who poisoned his victims with strychnine. Over the course of his career, he murdered up t ...

– murderer * Hawley Harvey Crippen – executed for his wife's murder *

Baruch Goldstein Baruch Kopel Goldstein ( he, ברוך קופל גולדשטיין; born Benjamin Carl Goldstein; December 9, 1956 – February 25, 1994) was an Israeli-American mass murderer, religious extremist, and physician who perpetrated the 1994 terroris ...

(1956–1994) – assassin * Linda Hazzard – convicted of murdering one patient but suspected of 12 in total *

H.H. Holmes Herman Webster Mudgett (May 16, 1861 – May 7, 1896), better known as Dr. Henry Howard Holmes or H. H. Holmes, was an American con artist and serial killer, the subject of more than 50 lawsuits in Chicago alone. Until his execution in 1896, h ...

– American

* Shirō Ishii – headed Japan's Unit 731 during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

which conducted human experimentation for weapons and medical research * Mario Jascalevich - killed 9 hospital patients using

curare Curare ( /kʊˈrɑːri/ or /kjʊˈrɑːri/; ''koo-rah-ree'' or ''kyoo-rah-ree'') is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts. Used as a paralyzing agent by indigenous peoples in Central and South ...

* Radovan Karadžić (born 1945) – convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label= Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavij ...

* Jack Kevorkian (1923–2011) – convicted of second-degree murder, Michigan, April 13, 1999 *

Jeffrey R. MacDonald Jeffrey Robert MacDonald (born October 12, 1943) is an American former medical doctor and United States Army captain who was convicted in August 1979 of murdering his pregnant wife and two daughters in February 1970 while serving as an Army Spe ...

– murdered a pregnant wife and two daughters in 1979 *

Josef Mengele , allegiance = , branch = Schutzstaffel , serviceyears = 1938–1945 , rank = '' SS''-'' Hauptsturmführer'' (Captain) , servicenumber = , battles = , unit = , awards = , commands = , ...

(1911–1979) – known as the Angel of Death;

Samuel Mudd Samuel Alexander Mudd Sr. (December 20, 1833 – January 10, 1883) was an American physician who was imprisoned for conspiring with John Wilkes Booth concerning the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Mudd worked as a doctor and tobacco far ...

(1833–1883) – condemned to prison for setting the leg of

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation throu ...

's assassin *

Herman Webster Mudgett Herman Webster Mudgett (May 16, 1861 – May 7, 1896), better known as Dr. Henry Howard Holmes or H. H. Holmes, was an American con artist and serial killer, the subject of more than 50 lawsuits in Chicago alone. Until his execution in 1896, h ...

(1860–1896) – American

Conrad Murray Conrad Robert Murray (born February 19, 1953) is a Grenadian former cardiologist who was the personal physician of Michael Jackson at the time of his death in 2009. Murray was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter for improperly administeri ...

– convicted of involuntary manslaughter in death of pop star Michael Jackson *

Arnfinn Nesset Arnfinn Nesset (born 25 October 1936) is a Norwegian former nurse and nursing home manager and a convicted serial killer. His crimes include the murders of at least 22 people, as well as attempted murder, document forgery, and embezzlement. He ...

– Norwegian

* William Palmer – British poisoner * Marcel Petiot – French serial killer *

Herta Oberheuser Herta Oberheuser (15 May 1911 – 24 January 1978) was a German Nazi physician and convicted war criminal who performed medical atrocities on prisoners at the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp. She was sentenced to 20 years in prison a ...

(1911–1978) – Nazi human experimentation * Richard J. Schmidt – American physician who contaminated his girlfriend with AIDS-tainted blood * Harold Shipman (1946–2004) – British serial killer *

Michael Swango Michael Joseph Swango (born October 21, 1954) is an American serial killer and licensed physician who is estimated to have been involved in as many as 60 fatal poisonings of patients and colleagues, although he admitted to only causing four dea ...

(born 1953) – American serial killer * An A-Z list of Wikipedia articles of Nazi doctors

Physicians famous as writers

Among the better known writers: *

Mikhail Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov ( rus, links=no, Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков, p=mʲɪxɐˈil ɐfɐˈnasʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bʊlˈɡakəf; – 10 March 1940) was a Soviet writer, medical doctor, and playwright active in the fir ...

(1891–1940) - Russian novelist and playwright * Louis-Ferdinand Celine (1894–1961) - French novelist, author of ''

Journey to the End of the Night ''Journey to the End of the Night'' (french: Voyage au bout de la nuit, 1932) is the first novel by Louis-Ferdinand Céline. This semi-autobiographical work follows the adventures of Ferdinand Bardamu in the World War I, colonial Africa, the ...

'' * Graham Chapman (1941–1989) - writer and actor, founding member of

Monty Python Monty Python (also collectively known as the Pythons) were a British comedy troupe who created the sketch comedy television show ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'', which first aired on the BBC in 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over fou ...

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; 29 January 1860 Old Style date 17 January. – 15 July 1904 Old Style date 2 July.) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career ...

(1860–1904) - Russian playwright * Robin Cook - American author of bestselling novels, wrote ''

Coma A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. Coma patients exhi ...

'' *

Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton (; October 23, 1942 – November 4, 2008) was an American author and filmmaker. His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide, and over a dozen have been adapted into films. His literary works heavily feature tech ...

(1942–2008) - American author of ''

Jurassic Park ''Jurassic Park'', later also referred to as ''Jurassic World'', is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when ...

'' *

A. J. Cronin Archibald Joseph Cronin (19 July 1896 – 6 January 1981), known as A. J. Cronin, was a Scottish physician and novelist. His best-known novel is ''The Citadel'' (1937), about a Scottish doctor who serves in a Welsh mining village before achievi ...

(1896–1981) - Scottish novelist and essayist, author of '' The Citadel'' * Anthony Daniels (born 1949) - as 'Theodore Dalrymple' and under his own name, a British author, critic and social and cultural commentator * Sir

Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician. He created the character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 for ''A Study in Scarlet'', the first of four novels and fifty-six short stories about Ho ...

(1859–1930) - British author of

Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle. Referring to himself as a " consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, forensic science and ...

fame *

Khaled Hosseini Khaled Hosseini (;Pashto/Dari ; born March 4, 1965) is an Afghan-American novelist, UNHCR goodwill ambassador, and former physician. His debut novel ''The Kite Runner'' (2003) was a critical and commercial success; the book and his subsequen ...

(born 1965) - American author, originally from Afghanistan, of bestselling novels '' The Kite Runner'' and ''

A Thousand Splendid Suns ''A Thousand Splendid Suns'' is a 2007 novel by Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini, following the huge success of his bestselling 2003 debut '' The Kite Runner''. Mariam, an illegitimate teenager from Herat, is forced to marry a shoemaker fr ...

'' *

John Keats John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets, with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. His poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculos ...

(1795–1821) - English poet *

Morio Kita was the pen name of , a Japanese psychiatrist, novelist and essayist. Kita was the second son of poet Mokichi Saitō. Shigeta Saitō, his older brother, was also a psychiatrist. The essayist Yuka Saitō is Kita's daughter. Kita attended Az ...

- Japanese novelist and essayist; son of Mokichi Saitō *

Jean Baptiste Lefebvre de Villebrune Jean Baptiste Lefebvre de Villebrune (1732 in Senlis, Oise – 7 October 1809, in Angoulême) was a French philologist, physician and translator. Selected works * ''Dictionnaire des particules angloises, précédé d'une grammaire raisonnée, ouv ...

(1732–1809) - French physician who translated several works from Latin, English, Spanish, Italian, and German into French *

Luke the Evangelist Luke the Evangelist (Latin: '' Lucas''; grc, Λουκᾶς, '' Loukâs''; he, לוקאס, ''Lūqās''; arc, /ܠܘܩܐ לוקא, ''Lūqā’; Ge'ez: ሉቃስ'') is one of the Four Evangelists—the four traditionally ascribed authors of t ...

- one of the four Gospel writers of the

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus ...

* John S. Marr - proposed natural explanations for the ten

plagues of Egypt The Plagues of Egypt, in the account of the book of Exodus, are ten disasters inflicted on Biblical Egypt by the God of Israel in order to convince the Pharaoh to emancipate the enslaved Israelites, each of them confronting Pharaoh and one of h ...

W. Somerset Maugham William Somerset Maugham ( ; 25 January 1874 – 16 December 1965) was an English writer, known for his plays, novels and short stories. Born in Paris, where he spent his first ten years, Maugham was schooled in England and went to a German un ...

(1874–1965) - British novelist and short story writer, wrote '' Of Human Bondage'' *

Alfred de Musset Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay (; 11 December 1810 – 2 May 1857) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist.His names are often reversed "Louis Charles Alfred de Musset": see "(Louis Charles) Alfred de Musset" (bio), Biography.com, 2007 ...

(1810–1857) - French playwright, discovered sign of

syphilitic Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and ...

aortitis *

Taslima Nasrin Taslima Nasrin (born 25 August 1962) is a Bangladeshi-Swedish writer, physician, feminist, secular humanist, and activist. She is known for her writing on women's oppression and criticism of religion. Some of her books are banned in Bangladesh ...

* Mori Ōgai - Japanese novelist, poet, and literary critic *

Walker Percy Walker Percy, OSB (May 28, 1916 – May 10, 1990) was an American writer whose interests included philosophy and semiotics. Percy is noted for his philosophical novels set in and around New Orleans; his first, '' The Moviegoer'', won the Nat ...

(1916–1990) - American philosopher and writer *

François Rabelais François Rabelais ( , , ; born between 1483 and 1494; died 1553) was a French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar. He is primarily known as a writer of satire, of the grotesque, and of bawdy jokes ...

(1483–1553) - French author of ''

Gargantua and Pantagruel ''The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel'' (french: La vie de Gargantua et de Pantagruel) is a pentalogy of novels written in the 16th century by François Rabelais, telling the adventures of two giants, Gargantua ( , ) and his son Pantagruel ...

'' * Mokichi Saitō - Japanese poet *

Friedrich von Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, and philosopher. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller developed a productive, if complicated, friendsh ...

(1759–1805), German writer, poet, essayist and dramatist *

William Carlos Williams William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was an American poet, writer, and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pedia ...

(1883–1963) - American poet and essayist And others: * Patrick Abercromby (1656–) - historian * Chris Adrian * Jacob Appel - short story writer *

John Arbuthnot John Arbuthnot FRS (''baptised'' 29 April 1667 – 27 February 1735), often known simply as Dr Arbuthnot, was a Scottish physician, satirist and polymath in London. He is best remembered for his contributions to mathematics, his members ...

* Janet Asimov (1926-2019) (née Janet O. Jeppson) - American psychiatrist, wife of

Isaac Asimov yi, יצחק אזימאװ , birth_date = , birth_place = Petrovichi, Russian SFSR , spouse = , relatives = , children = 2 , death_date = , death_place = Manhattan, New York City, U.S. , nationality = Russian (1920–1922)Soviet (192 ...

* Arnie Baker - cycling coach *

Cora Belle Brewster Cora Belle Brewster (1859 – July 25, 1937) was an American physician, surgeon, medical writer, and editor. She worked as a gynecological surgeon and co-founded two medical journals with her sister, Flora Alzora Brewster, M.D. Early life and e ...

(1859–?), writer, editor *

Sir Thomas Browne Sir Thomas Browne (; 19 October 1605 – 19 October 1682) was an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science and medicine, religion and the esoteric. His writings display a ...

(1605–1682) - British writer *

Georg Büchner Karl Georg Büchner (17 October 1813 – 19 February 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Büc ...

- German dramatist * Ludwig Büchner - German philosopher *

Thomas Campion Thomas Campion (sometimes spelled Campian; 12 February 1567 – 1 March 1620) was an English composer, poet, and physician. He was born in London, educated at Cambridge, studied law in Gray's inn. He wrote over a hundred lute songs, masques ...

- poet, composer * Ethan Canin - novelist, short story writer *

Deepak Chopra Deepak Chopra (; ; born October 22, 1946) is an Indian-American author and alternative medicine advocate. A prominent figure in the New Age movement, his books and videos have made him one of the best-known and wealthiest figures in alternativ ...

- Indian/American writer of

self-help Self-help or self-improvement is a self-guided improvement''APA Dictionary of Physicology'', 1st ed., Gary R. VandenBos, ed., Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007.—economically, intellectually, or emotionally—often with a subs ...

and health books *

Alex Comfort Alexander Comfort (10 February 1920 – 26 March 2000) was a British scientist and physician known best for his nonfiction sex manual, '' The Joy of Sex'' (1972). He was an author of both fiction and nonfiction, as well as a gerontologis ...

(1920–2000) - British writer and poet, author of '' The Joy of Sex'' *

Ctesias Ctesias (; grc-gre, Κτησίας; fl. fifth century BC), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire. Historical events Ctesias, who lived in the fi ...

(5th century B.C.) - Greek historian * Steven Clark Cunningham (born 1972), children's poem writer *

Erasmus Darwin Erasmus Robert Darwin (12 December 173118 April 1802) was an English physician. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave-trade abolitionist, inventor, and poet. His poems ...

(1731–1802) - British poet, grandfather of

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended ...

Georges Duhamel Georges Duhamel (; ; 30 June 1884 – 13 April 1966) was a French author, born in Paris. Duhamel trained as a doctor, and during World War I was attached to the French Army. In 1920, he published '' Confession de minuit'', the first of a se ...

(1884–1966) - French writer, dramatist, poet and humanist *

Havelock Ellis Henry Havelock Ellis (2 February 1859 – 8 July 1939) was an English physician, eugenicist, writer, progressive intellectual and social reformer who studied human sexuality. He co-wrote the first medical textbook in English on homosexuality i ...

(1859–1940) - British writer and poet, author of '' The Psychology of Sex'' * Viktor Frankl (1905–1997) - Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist, author of ''

Man's Search for Meaning ''Man's Search for Meaning'' is a 1946 book by Viktor Frankl chronicling his experiences as a prisoner in Nazi concentration camps during World War II, and describing his psychotherapeutic method, which involved identifying a purpose in life to ...

'' * Samuel Garth (1661–1719) - British author and translator of classics * Elmina M. Roys Gavitt (1828–1898) - American physician; medical journal founder, editor-in-chief * Atul Gawande - surgeon and '' New Yorker'' medical writer * William Gilbert - British author; father of W. S. Gilbert *

Oliver Goldsmith Oliver Goldsmith (10 November 1728 – 4 April 1774) was an Anglo-Irish novelist, playwright, dramatist and poet, who is best known for his novel '' The Vicar of Wakefield'' (1766), his pastoral poem '' The Deserted Village'' (1770), and his ...

- British author * Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (1809–1894) - American essayist *

Richard Hooker Richard Hooker (25 March 1554 – 2 November 1600) was an English priest in the Church of England and an influential theologian.The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church by F. L. Cross (Editor), E. A. Livingstone (Editor) Oxford University ...

- author of ''

M*A*S*H ''M*A*S*H'' (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) is an American media franchise consisting of a series of novels, a film, several television series, plays, and other properties, and based on the semi-autobiographical fiction of Richard Hooker. T ...

'' * Arthur Johnston (1587–1641) - poet *

Charles Krauthammer Charles Krauthammer (; March 13, 1950 – June 21, 2018) was an American political columnist. A moderate liberal who turned independent conservative as a political pundit, Krauthammer won the Pulitzer Prize for his columns in '' The Washingt ...

(1950–2018) - American psychiatrist, syndicated political columnist * R. D. Laing - Scottish writer and poet, leader of the

anti-psychiatry Anti-psychiatry is a movement based on the view that psychiatric treatment is often more damaging than helpful to patients, highlighting controversies about psychiatry. Objections include the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis, the questionabl ...

movement *

Stanisław Lem Stanisław Herman Lem (; 12 September 1921 – 27 March 2006) was a Polish writer of science fiction and essays on various subjects, including philosophy, futurology, and literary criticism. Many of his science fiction stories are of satirical ...

(1929–2006) - Polish author of science-fiction ('' Solaris'') *

Carlo Levi Carlo Levi () (29 November 1902 – 4 January 1975) was an Italian painter, writer, activist, communist, and doctor. He is best known for his book '' Cristo si è fermato a Eboli'' (''Christ Stopped at Eboli''), published in 1945, a memoir of ...

(1902–1975) - Italian novelist and writer *

David Livingstone David Livingstone (; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of t ...

(1813–1873) - Scottish medical missionary, explorer of Africa, travel writer * Adeline Yen Mah - Chinese-American author *

Paolo Mantegazza Paolo Mantegazza (; 31 October 1831 – 28 August 1910) was an Italian neurologist, physiologist, and anthropologist, noted for his experimental investigation of coca leaves into its effects on the human psyche. He was also an author of fictio ...

(1831–1910) - Italian writer, author of science fiction book '' L'Anno 3000'' *

Jean-Paul Marat Jean-Paul Marat (; born Mara; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist. A journalist and politician during the French Revolution, he was a vigorous defender of the '' sans-culottes'', a radica ...

(1743–1793) - French writer, a leader of

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

; assassinated in bathtub * Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) - American writer * Mungo Park - Scottish physician and explorer *

Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman is an Indian scholar of Unani medicine. He founded Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences in 2000. He had earlier served as Professor and chairman, Department of Ilmul Advia at the Ajmal Khan Tibbiya Colle ...

- Indian author and translator of classical manuscripts *

José Rizal José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered the national h ...

(1861–1896) - Filipino novelist, scientist, linguist, and national hero * João Guimarães Rosa - Brazilian writer * Sir

Ronald Ross Sir Ronald Ross (13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932) was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate, and the ...

(1857–1932) - British writer and poet, discovered the

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. ...

l parasite * Theodore Isaac Rubin (1923–2019) - American author of '' David and Lisa'' * Oliver Sacks (1933–2015) - British essayist (''The Man Who Mistook his Wife for a Hat'') *

Albert Schweitzer Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer (; 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian-German/French polymath. He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. A Lutheran minister, Schweit ...

(1875–1965) - German charitative worker, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1952), theologian, philosopher, organist, musicologist * Frank Slaughter (1908–2001) - American bestseller author, wrote (''Doctor's Wives'') *

Tobias Smollett Tobias George Smollett (baptised 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author. He was best known for picaresque novels such as '' The Adventures of Roderick Random'' (1748), '' The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle'' (1751 ...

(1721–1771) - author * Benjamin Spock (1903–1988) - American pediatrician, wrote '' Baby and Child Care'' *

Patrick Taylor Patrick or Pat Taylor may refer to: * Patrick Taylor (American football) (born 1998), American football running back * Patrick Taylor (author) (born 1941), Irish-Canadian author and doctor * Patrick Taylor (politician) (1862–1922), Australian po ...

- Canadian best-selling novelist *

Osamu Tezuka Osamu Tezuka (, born , ''Tezuka Osamu''; – 9 February 1989) was a Japanese manga artist, cartoonist, and animator. Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques, and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such ...

- Japanese cartoonist and animator; the "father of

anime is Traditional animation, hand-drawn and computer animation, computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside of Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japane ...

" * Lewis Thomas (1913–1993) - American essayist and poet * Sir Henry Thompson — British surgeon and

polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...

* Vladislav Vančura (1891–1942) - Czech writer,

screenwriter A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter, scriptwriter, scribe or scenarist) is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs and video games, are based. ...

and

film director A film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the film crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, pr ...

Francis Brett Young Francis Brett Young (29 June 1884 – 28 March 1954) was an English novelist, poet, playwright, composer, doctor and soldier. Life Francis Brett Young was born in Halesowen, Worcestershire. He received his early education at Iona, a priv ...

(1884–1954) - English novelist and poet

Physicians famous as politicians

* Nazira Abdula, Mozambican Minister of Health *

Ayad Allawi Ayad Allawi ( ar, إيَاد عَلَّاوِي ; born 31 May 1944) is an Iraqi politician. He served as the vice president of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2018. Previously he was interim prime minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the p ...

- interim Prime Minister of Iraq * Salvador Allende (1908–1973) - Chilean president * Emilio Álvarez Montalván - Foreign Minister of

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the coun ...

Arnulfo Arias Arnulfo Arias Madrid (15 August 1901 – 10 August 1988) was a Panamanian politician, medical doctor, and writer who served as the President of Panama from 1940 to 1941, again from 1949 to 1951, and finally for 11 days in October 1968. Throu ...

- Panamanian President * Firdous Ashiq Awan - Pakistani politician *

Bashar Al-Assad Bashar Hafez al-Assad, ', Levantine pronunciation: ; (, born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician who is the 19th president of Syria, since 17 July 2000. In addition, he is the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and the ...

- Syrian national leader * Michelle Bachelet (born 1951) - Chilean president * Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1898–1997) - Prime Minister, President and later dictator of

Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northe ...

Gro Harlem Brundtland Gro Brundtland (; born Gro Harlem, 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician (Arbeiderpartiet), who served three terms as the 29th prime minister of Norway (1981, 1986–89, and 1990–96) and as the director-general of the World Health Organiza ...

(born 1939) - first Norwegian female prime minister; Director-General of the

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level o ...

* Margaret Chan - Director General of the WHO; former Director of Health of Hong Kong *

Chen Chi-mai Chen Chi-mai (; born December 23, 1964) is a Taiwanese politician and the current Mayor of Kaoshiung since August 24, 2020. He has served as spokesperson of the Democratic Progressive Party and the chief executive officer of its Policy Research ...

- former mayor of

Kaohsiung Kaohsiung City ( Mandarin Chinese: ; Wade–Giles: ''Kao¹-hsiung²;'' Pinyin: ''Gāoxióng'') is a special municipality located in southern Taiwan. It ranges from the coastal urban center to the rural Yushan Range with an area of . Ka ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...

* York Chow - Secretary for Health, Welfare and Food of

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...

* Denzil Douglas -

Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

, 1995–2015 *

François Duvalier François Duvalier (; 14 April 190721 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician of French Martiniquan descent who served as the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. He was elected president in the 1957 general election on ...

(1907–1971) - also known as Papa Doc; President and later dictator of

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and s ...

* Antônio Palocci Filho - Brazilian politician, Finance Minister * Christian Friedrich, Baron von Stockmar - Anglo-Belgian statesman *

Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...

- Latin American revolutionary leader *

George Habash George Habash ( ar, جورج حبش, Jūrj Ḥabash), also known by his laqab "al-Hakim" ( ar, الحكيم, al-Ḥakīm, "the wise one" or "the doctor"; 2 August 1926 – 26 January 2008) was a Palestinian Christian politician who founded th ...

- founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine * Ibrahim al-Jaafari - Prime minister of

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

* Radovan Karadžić (born 1945) - first President of Republika Srpska, now facing charges for genocide and crimes against humanity * Mohammad-Reza Khatami - Iranian politician *

Ewa Kopacz Ewa Bożena Kopacz (; née Lis; born 3 December 1956) is a Polish politician who has served as a Vice-President of the European Parliament since 2019. She previously was Marshal of the Sejm from 2011 to 2014, the first woman to hold the office, as ...

- Polish Prime Minister who succeeded

Donald Tusk Donald Franciszek Tusk ( , ; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician who was President of the European Council from 2014 to 2019. He served as the 14th Prime Minister of Poland from 2007 to 2014 and was a co-founder and leader of the Civic ...

, 2014–2015 * Juscelino Kubitscheck -

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

ian president * Mahathir bin Mohamad -

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Mal ...

n prime minister *

Agostinho Neto António Agostinho da Silva Neto (17 September 1922 – 10 September 1979) was an Angolan politician and poet. He served as the first president of Angola from 1975 to 1979, having led the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) i ...

(1922–1979) -

MPLA The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( pt, Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), for some years called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (), is an Angolan left-wing, social dem ...

leader and president of

Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordinat ...

* Navin Ramgoolam - Prime minister of

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label= Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It ...

* Lloyd Richardson -

President of the Parliament of Sint Maarten The president of the Parliament of Sint Maarten ( nl, Voorzitter van Staten van Sint Maarten) is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Sint Maarten. According to Article 8 of the Rules of Order of Parliament the president presides over the sit ...

, 2014–2015 *

(1861–1896) - Filipino revolutionary and national hero *

Bidhan Chandra Roy Bidhan Chandra Roy (1 July 1882 – 1 July 1962) was an Indian physician, educationist, and statesman who served as Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1948 until his death in 1962. Roy played a key role in the founding of several institutio ...

- Indian politician * Hélio de Oliveira Santos - Brazilian politician, mayor of

Campinas Campinas (, ''Plains'' or ''Meadows'') is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2020 estimate, the city's population is 1,213,792, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian ...

Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen (; also known by several other names; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily. Saturday edition. 23 October 2010. section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition . was a Chinese politician who serve ...

(1866–1925) - founder of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeas ...

* Tabaré Vázquez - former Uruguayan President * Ali Akbar Velayati (born 1945) -

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

ian

Foreign Minister A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between co ...

, 1981–1997 *

Ursula von der Leyen Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen (; Albrecht, born 8 October 1958) is a German politician who has been serving as the president of the European Commission since 2019. She served in the German federal government between 2005 and 2019, holding suc ...

(born 1958) -

Federal Minister of Defence * William Walker (1824–1860) - ruler of

Ram Baran Yadav Ram Baran Yadav ( mai, डा. राम वरण यादव) is a Nepali politician and physician who served as the first president of Nepal from 23 July 2008 to 29 October 2015, following the declaration of a republic in 2008. Previously he ...

(born 1948) - first elected president of the republic of Nepal *

Yeoh Eng-kiong Dr. Yeoh Eng Kiong OBE, GBS, JP (; born 16 April 1946) was the Secretary for Health and Welfare between 1999 and 2002, Secretary for Health, Welfare and Food and a member of the Executive Council between 2002 and 2004 in the Hong Kong Governme ...

- former Secretary for Health and Welfare of Hong Kong

Argentina

* Luis Agote (1868–1954) * Nicolas Bazan (born 1942) *

Hermes Binner Hermes Juan Binner (June 5, 1943 − June 26, 2020) was an Argentine physician and a politician. He was Governor of Santa Fe from 2007 to 2011.Eduardo Braun-Menéndez (1903–1959) *

Ramón Carrillo Ramón Carrillo (7 March 1906 – 20 December 1956) was an Argentine neurosurgeon, neurobiologist, physician, academic, public health advocate, and from 1949 to 1954 the nation's first Minister of Public Health. Early life and education Carr ...

(1906–1956) *

Bernardo Houssay Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887 – September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist. Houssay was a co-recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating ...

(1887–1971) *

René Favaloro René Gerónimo Favaloro (July 12, 1923 – July 29, 2000) was an Argentine cardiac surgeon and educator best known for his pioneering work on coronary artery bypass surgery using the great saphenous vein. Early life Favaloro was born in 19 ...

(1923–2000) * Arturo Umberto Illia - 35th President of

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest ...

(1963–1966) * Luis Federico Leloir (1906–1987) *

Julia Polak Dame Julia Margaret Polak, (26 June 1939 – 11 August 2014) was an Argentine-born Polish pathologist who lived in England. She was head of the Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine at Imperial College London, a centre for med ...

(1939–2014) * Alberto Carlos Taquini (1905–1998)

Azerbaijan

* Karim bey Mehmandarov

Australia

Bob Brown Robert James Brown (born 27 December 1944) is a former Australian politician, medical doctor and environmentalist. He was a senator and the parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens. Brown was elected to the Australian Senate on the Tasma ...

- parliamentary leader of the

Australian Greens The Australian Greens, commonly known as The Greens, are a confederation of Green state and territory political parties in Australia. As of the 2022 federal election, the Greens are the third largest political party in Australia by vote and t ...

Andrew Laming Andrew Charles Laming (born 30 September 1966) is a former Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives representing the Division of Bowman, Queensland, for the Liberal National Party of Queensland from 2004 to 2022. ...

n politician * Peter Macdonald *

Brendan Nelson Brendan John Nelson (born 19 August 1958) is a business leader and former Australian politician. He served as the federal Leader of the Opposition from 2007 to 2008, going on to serve as Australia's senior diplomat to the European Union and NA ...

n politician * Sir Earle Page - Prime Minister of Australia * Dinesh Palipana - first quadriplegic medical graduate in

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

, disability advocate * Andrew Refshauge -

n politician *

Mal Washer Malcolm James Washer (born 12 August 1945), Australian politician, was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to August 2013, representing the Division of Moore, Western Australia. He was born in Bunbury ...

Michael Wooldridge Michael Richard Lewis Wooldridge (born 7 November 1956) is an Australian doctor, company director, and former politician. He served as deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 1993 to 1994, under John Hewson. In the Howard Government he held m ...

Canada

* Philippe Couillard- former

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirte ...

* Thomas "Tommy" Douglas *

Carolyn Bennett Carolyn Ann Bennett (born December 20, 1950) is a Canadian physician and politician who has served as minister of mental health and addictions, and associate minister of health since October 26, 2021. A member of the Liberal Party, she has rep ...

* Stanley K. Bernstein * Frederick William Borden -

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

MP and minister of the Militia * Bernard-Augustin Conroy * John Waterhouse Daniel * Hedy Fry (born 1941) - Canadian politician, member of parliament *

Dennis Furlong Dennis Jerome Furlong (July 22, 1945 – March 9, 2018) was a physician and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Dalhousie-Restigouche East in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003. He was a mem ...

* Charles Godfrey *

Grant Hill Grant Henry Hill (born October 5, 1972) is an American former professional basketball player who is a co-owner and executive of the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended Duke University and is widely consider ...

- former Canadian MP *

Wilbert Keon Wilbert Joseph Keon (May 17, 1935 – April 7, 2019) was a Canadian physician. A heart surgeon and researcher by profession, Keon was a longtime Canadian senator. Biography Born in Sheenboro, Quebec, Keon received a Bachelor of Science from ...

- Canadian senator * Keith Martin - Portuguese Canadian MP * William McGuigan - mayor of

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. ...

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, for ...

Théodore Robitaille Théodore Robitaille, (29 January 1834 – 17 August 1897) was a Canadian physician, politician, and the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Quebec. Born in Varennes, Lower Canada, the son of Louis-Adolphe Robitaille (pronounced "ro-bee-tie") a ...

Lieutenant Governor of Quebec The lieutenant governor of Quebec (; French (masculine): ''Lieutenant-gouverneur du Québec'', or (feminine): ''Lieutenante-gouverneure du Québec'') is the viceregal representative in Quebec of the , who operates distinctly within the province ...

, Quebec MNA and Senator * Bette Stephenson -

Ontario Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...

MPP and former Minister of Labour, Minister of Education and Minister of Colleges and Universities * Donald Matheson Sutherland - MP and former minister of National Defence * David Swann * Sir

Charles Tupper Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet, (July 2, 1821 – October 30, 1915) was a Canadian Father of Confederation who served as the sixth prime minister of Canada from May 1 to July 8, 1896. As the premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, he led ...

(1821–1915) -

Prime Minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the confidence of a majority the elected House of Commons; as su ...

(1896) and

Premier of Nova Scotia The premier of Nova Scotia is the first minister to the lieutenant governor of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia and presides over the Executive Council of Nova Scotia. Following the Westminster system, the premier is normally the leader of t ...

(1864–1867); High Commissioner in Great Britain (1884–1887)

France

* Louis Auguste Blanqui - French revolutionary socialist *

Georges Clemenceau Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (, also , ; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A key figure of the Independent Radicals, he was a ...

(1841–1929) - French statesman *

- French revolution leader

Italy

* Guido Baccelli (1830–1916) - seven times Minister of education

Japan

Tomoko Abe is a Japanese politician and member of the House of Representatives. She is currently a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party. She was formerly the policy chief of the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP), and later the preside ...

- Representative of Japan *

Ichirō Kamoshita is a Japanese politician and doctor, who served as Minister of the Environment in Yasuo Fukuda's cabinet. Born in Adachi, Tokyo, he graduated from Nihon University, earning a medical degree. In 1993, he was elected for the first time as a member ...

- Representative of Japan, former Environment Minister * Taro Nakayama - former Representative of Japan, former Foreign Minister * Chikara Sakaguchi - Representative of Japan, former Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare *

Koichiro Shimizu is a Japanese doctor and politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Kyoto, he attended Osaka Medical College and received a Ph.D. in medicine. He also stu ...

- former Representative of Japan, one of Koizumi Children * Tsutomu Tomioka - former Representative of Japan, one of Koizumi Children

Pakistan

* Firdous Ashiq Awan * Asim Hussain * Ghulam Hussain

The Netherlands

* Frederik van Eeden *

J. Slauerhoff Jan Jacob Slauerhoff (15 September 1898 – 5 October 1936), who published as J. Slauerhoff, was a Dutch poet and novelist. He is considered one of the most important Dutch language writers. Youth Slauerhoff attended HBS (secondary school) in ...

Simon Vestdijk Simon Vestdijk (; 17 October 1898 – 23 March 1971) was a Dutch writer. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature fifteen times. Life Born in the small Frisian town of Harlingen, Vestdijk studied medicine in Amsterdam, but turned t ...

Leo Vroman Leo Vroman (April 10, 1915 – February 22, 2014) was a Dutch-American hematologist, a prolific poet mainly in Dutch and an illustrator. Life and work Vroman, who was Jewish, was born in Gouda and studied biology in Utrecht. When the Nazis o ...

United Kingdom

* Liam Fox - British

Secretary of State for Defence The secretary of state for defence, also referred to as the defence secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the business of the Ministry of Defence. The incumbent is a membe ...

John Pope Hennessy Sir John Pope Hennessy (; 8 August 1834 – 7 October 1891), was an Irish and British politician and colonial administrator who served as the eighth Governor of Hong Kong and the fifteenth Governor of Mauritius. Early life John Pope Hennes ...

- former

Governor of Hong Kong The governor of Hong Kong was the representative of the British Crown in Hong Kong from 1843 to 1997. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and commander-in-chief of the British Forces Overseas Hong Kon ...

David Owen David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen, (born 2 July 1938) is a British politician and physician who served as Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs as a Labour Party MP under James Callaghan from 1977 to 1979, and later ...

- British politician

United States

* Stewart Barlow - member of the Utah House of Representatives *

Larry Bucshon Larry Dean Bucshon ( ; born May 31, 1962) is an American politician and physician who has been the U.S. representative for since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. Early life, education, and early career Bucshon was born in Taylo ...

(born 1962) - U.S. Congressman from

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th ...

Michael C. Burgess Michael Clifton Burgess (born December 23, 1950) is an American physician and politician representing in the United States House of Representatives. The district is anchored in Denton County, a suburban county north of Dallas and Fort Worth. ...

(born 1950) - U.S. Congressman from

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

* Ben Carson (born September 18, 1951) -

United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development The United States secretary of housing and urban development (or HUD secretary) is the head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, a member of the president's Cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furnitur ...

* Tom Coburn (1948-2020) -

U.S. Senator The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and power ...

Howard Dean Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American physician, author, lobbyist, and retired politician who served as the 79th governor of Vermont from 1991 to 2003 and chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) from 2005 to 2009 ...

(born 1948) - former

Governor of Vermont The governor of Vermont is the head of government of Vermont. The officeholder is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of 2 years. Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every ...

* Scott Ecklund - member of the South Dakota House of Representatives * Joe Ellington (born 1959) - member of the

West Virginia House of Delegates The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates. Organization Regular sessions begin with ...

Bill Frist William Harrison Frist (born February 22, 1952) is an American physician, businessman, and politician who served as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1995 to 2007. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as Senate Majority Lea ...

(born 1952) - United States Senate Majority Leader *

Joe Heck Joseph John Heck (born October 30, 1961) is an American physician and politician who served as the United States representative for Nevada's 3rd congressional district from 2011 to 2017. Heck is a United States Army major general and a board-cer ...

(born 1961) - U.S. Congressman *

Steve Henry Steve Henry (born October 8, 1953) is an American politician and orthopedic surgeon who was the 52nd Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky from 1995 through 2003. He twice ran unsuccessfully in statewide elections, finishing third in Democratic primar ...

(born 1953) -

Lieutenant Governor A lieutenant governor, lieutenant-governor, or vice governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction. Often a lieutenant governor is the deputy, or lieutenant, to or ranked under a governor — a "second-in-comm ...

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

* Jim McDermott - U.S. Congressman * Larry McDonald - U.S. Congressman * Ralph Northam (born 1959) -

Governor of Virginia The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia serves as the head of government of Virginia for a four-year term. The incumbent, Glenn Youngkin, was sworn in on January 15, 2022. Oath of office On inauguration day, the Governor-elect takes th ...

* Christopher Ottiano (born 1969) - member of the Rhode Island Senate *

Rand Paul Randal Howard Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American physician and politician serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, junior United States Senate, U.S. senator from Kentucky since 2011. A member of the Republican Party (Un ...

(born 1963) - U.S. Senator *

Ron Paul Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American author, activist, physician and retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977 and again from 1979 to 1985, as we ...

(born 1935) - U.S. Congressman * Tom Price (American politician) (born October 8, 1954) - U.S. Congressman from

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

and former Secretary of Health and Human Services * David Watkins - member of the

Kentucky House of Representatives The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a ...

* Dave Weldon - U.S. Congressman and

activist * Ray Lyman Wilbur (1875–1949) -

United States Secretary of the Interior The United States secretary of the interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. The secretary and the Department of the Interior are responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land along with natur ...

, president of

Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is conside ...

* Milton R. Wolf * Thomas Wynne (1627–1691) - physician to

William Penn William Penn ( – ) was an English writer and religious thinker belonging to the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, a North American colony of England. He was an early advocate of democracy a ...

, speaker of the first two Provincial Assemblies in Philadelphia (1687 & 1688)

Physicians famous as sportspeople

Tenley Albright Tenley Emma Albright (born July 18, 1935) is an American former figure skater and surgeon. She is the 1956 Olympic champion, the 1952 Olympic silver medalist, the 1953 and 1955 World Champion, the 1953 and 1955 North American champion, and the ...

— Olympic figure skating champion *

Lisa Aukland Lisa Aukland (born September 16, 1958) is an American professional female bodybuilder and amateur powerlifter. Early life and education Lisa Aukland was born in 1958 in Bay Shore, New York. She has two sisters, one older and one younger. Her c ...

— American professional bodybuilder and powerlifter * Sir Roger Bannister (1929–2018) — first man to break the four-minute mile; English neurologist * Tim Brabants — sprint kayaker, Olympic gold medalist *

Felipe Contepomi Felipe Contepomi (born 20 August 1977) is an Argentine rugby coach who is currently the backs coach at Leinster Rugby. He was a rugby union footballer who played fly-half or centre; his last club was Club Newman, in the first division of the ...

— Argentine rugby union footballer *

Ted Eisenberg Ted Eisenberg D.O. is a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania based plastic surgeon who specializes in cosmetic breast surgery. He holds a Guinness World Record for the most breast augmentation surgeries performed in a lifetime (male) 3460. Early years Ei ...

— American 2018 world champion in long distance tomahawk throwing * Gail Hopkins — American professional baseball player * David Gerrard — New Zealand swimmer * Randy Gregg — ice hockey player * Jack Lovelock (1910–1949) — Olympic athlete * Richard Mamiya (1925–2019) — football player *

Doc Medich George Francis "Doc" Medich (born December 9, 1948) is a former professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues from 1972–1982. He was a medical student at the University of Pittsburgh, and acquired the nickname "Doc" during his ...

, American baseball player * Stephen Rerych — American swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder *

Dot Richardson Dorothy Gay Richardson (born September 22, 1961) is an American physician and former two-time gold medal-winning Olympian softball player at shortstop. Richardson is currently the head coach at Liberty. Richardson played college softball at UCLA ...

— American softball player, Olympics; orthopedic physician *

Sócrates Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira (19 February 1954 – 4 December 2011), simply known as Sócrates, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a midfielder. His medical degree and his political awareness, combined with st ...

(Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira) — Brazilian soccer player, played for the national team 1979–1986

Physicians famous for their role in television and the media

Australia

* Jeremy Cumpston * Jonathan LaPaglia *

Peter Larkins Peter Anthony Larkins (born 22 June 1954 in Geelong, Victoria) is an Australian doctor and media personality as well as a former athlete. Early life and athletics career Larkins was educated at St Joseph's College in Geelong, where he was hig ...

Renee Lim Renee Li-Yen Lim (born ) is an Australian actress, television presenter and medical doctor. She is best known for her roles as Constable Jung Lim in ''East West 101'', Mae in ''Please Like Me'' and her recurring role as Vivienne Hart in '' Th ...

* Andrew Rochford *

Rob Sitch Robert Ian Sitch (born 17 March 1962) is an Australian director, producer, screenwriter, actor and comedian. Early life Sitch was born in 1962, the son of Melbourne bus proprietor Charles (Charlie) Sitch. Sitch attended St Kevin's College and ...

Brazil

Lúcia Petterle Dr. Vera Lúcia Tavares Petterle (born October 31, 1949) is a Brazilian doctor and beauty queen who won Miss World 1971. Today she continues with her charity work helping underprivileged children in her free time by giving medical needs and care ...

Finland

* Emilia Vuorisalmi

Germany

Marianne Koch Marianne Koch (; born 19 August 1931) is a German actress of the 1950s and 1960s, best known for her appearances in Spaghetti Westerns and adventure films of the 1960s. She later worked as a television host and as a physician. Career Betwee ...

Gunther Philipp Gunther Philipp (8 June 1918 – 2 October 2003) was an Austrian film actor, physician and swimmer. From 1949 to 2002 he appeared as an actor in 147 movies for cinema and television, mainly in comic roles. As an author, Philipp wrote 21 film scr ...

Ireland

* Ronan Tynan

Malta

Gianluca Bezzina Gianluca Bezzina (born 9 November 1989) is a Maltese medical doctor and part-time singer who represented Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden. Biography Gianluca Bezzina was born in 1989 in Qrendi, Malta. He is the third ...

Norway

Anders Danielsen Lie Anders Danielsen Lie (born 1 January 1979) is a Norwegian actor, musician and medical doctor. Education Danielsen Lie studied Ancient Greek (1997-1998), musicology (2001-2003) and medicine (1999-2007) at the University of Oslo. Career Acting ...

(born 1939) - first Norwegian female prime minister; Director-General of the World Health Organization

Pakistan

* Shaista Lodhi *

Ayesha Gul Ayesha Gul is a Pakistani actress. She is known for her drama roles in '' Muqaddar'', '' Bechari Qudsia'', ''Mein Na Janoo'', '' Safar Tamam Howa'' and '' Damsa''. Early life Gul was born on August 8, 1980, in Quetta, Pakistan. She completed her ...

Fahad Mirza Fahad Mirza ( ur, ) is a Pakistani actor, model, plastic surgeon and sculptor. He is best known for his debut role as Essa in 2012 drama serial '' Bari Aapa''. He has also appeared in ''Mutthi Bhar Mitti'' (2008), '' Main Deewani'' (2014) and ...

South Africa

* Phil du Plessis

Spain

* El Gran Wyoming

Sweden

* Staffan Hallerstam *

Jesper Salén Nils Jesper Alexander Salén (born 5 December 1978) is a Swedish physician and former actor. Filmography *'' Om Stig Petrés hemlighet'' (TV) (2004) *'' Strandvaskaren'' (2004) *'' Ondskan'' (2003) *'' Festival'' (2001) *'' Naken'' (2000) *''Vit ...

Rebecka Liljeberg Rebecka Månstråle Liljeberg (born 13 May 1981) is a Swedish former actress who starred in the Swedish film '' Show Me Love'' (''Fucking Åmål'') (1998). Early life and career Rebecka was born in the town of Turinge, Sweden to an 18-year-old ...

United Kingdom

Carina Tyrrell Dr. Carina Tyrrell (born 24 October 1989) is a British-Swiss public health physician, investor, and philanthropist who is a former Miss England and Miss United Kingdom. Tyrrell graduated from the University of Cambridge with first-class honours, ...

* Tony Gardner * Harry Hill *

Christian Jessen Christian Spencer Jessen (born 4 March 1977) is a British celebrity doctor, television personality, and writer. He is best known for appearing in the Channel 4 programmes ''Embarrassing Bodies'' (2007–2015) and '' Supersize vs Superskinny'' ( ...

* Sunshine Martyn *

Pixie McKenna Bernadette Anne McKenna, (born 20 January 1971) also known as Dr. Pixie McKenna, is an Irish doctor and television personality. She currently runs a clinic in Cork, Ireland and is best known for her work on the Channel 4 series ''Embarrassing Il ...

* Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller *

Darwin Shaw Darwin Shaw is a British stage, film and television actor, and director. Formerly practicing as a medical doctor, he retrained as an actor at LAMDA in 2004 after studying theatre in New York City. Early life Shaw, the eldest of two boys, w ...

Hank Wangford Samuel Hutt, known by the stage name Hank Wangford (born 15 November 1940), is an English country and western songwriter. "Hank is a good smoke screen. He can do things I can't do. He's my clown," says Dr. Hutt, who has been struggling to bala ...

United States

* Jennifer Ashton *

Andrew Baldwin Captain Andrew James Baldwin, MD, United States Navy, USN (born February 5, 1977, Lancaster, Pennsylvania) is a United States Navy, US Naval Officer, ironman triathlete, television personality, humanitarian, and physician. Born and raised in Pen ...

* Jennifer Berman *

* Lyn Christie *

Terry Dubrow Terry J. Dubrow (born September 14, 1958) is an American plastic surgeon and television personality. He is known for his work on '' The Swan'' and for co-hosting '' Botched'' and its spin-off series '' Botched by Nature'' with Paul Nassif. He al ...

* Garth Fisher * Leo Galland * Anthony C. Griffin * Sanjay Gupta * Randal Haworth *

Jason Todd Ipson Jason Todd Ipson (born July 28, 1972) is an American director, screenwriter, producer, fashion photographer and licensed physician and surgeon. Transitioning from surgical residency to the USC School of Cinematic Arts in 1999, he went on to ...

Matt Iseman Matt Iseman (born January 22, 1971) is an American comedian, actor, and television host, who began his career as a physician. He is best known for his role as play-by-play announcer and host of ''American Ninja Warrior''. He was the winner of '' ...

Ken Jeong Kendrick Kang-Joh Jeong (, ; born July 13, 1969) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, producer, writer and licensed physician. He rose to prominence for playing Leslie Chow in ''The Hangover'' film series (2009–2013) and Ben Chang in the ...

Sean Kenniff ''Survivor: Borneo'', originally known simply as ''Survivor'' or ''Survivor: Pulau Tiga'', is the first season of the American CBS competitive reality television series '' Survivor''. The show was filmed from March 13 through April 20, 2000, an ...

Will Kirby William Terence Kirby (born January 2, 1973), popularly known as Dr. Will, is an American aesthetic dermatologist, an associate clinical professor of dermatology, and a reality television personality. He is known for winning the CBS reality show ...

* C. Everett Koop * John S. Marr * Lucky Meisenheimer *

Paul Nassif Paul Sabin Nassif (born June 6, 1962) is an American plastic surgeon and television personality. He specializes in rhinoplasty. Nassif is a member of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Nassif is best known for co-hosting the ...

* Andrew P. Ordon *

Mehmet Oz Mehmet Cengiz Öz (; born June 11, 1960), known professionally as Dr. Oz (), is an Turkish American former professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Columbia University, television presenter, author and former political candidate. The son of Tu ...

* Nicholas Perricone * Drew Pinsky * Bernard Punsly * Brent Ridge * Nancy Snyderman * Benjamin Spock * Travis Lane Stork, Travis Stork

Physicians famous as beauty queens

* Mahmure Birsen Sakaoğlu, Miss Turkey 1936 * Eva Andersson-Dubin, Miss Sweden 1980 * Deidre Downs, Miss America 2005 * Anna Malova, Miss Russia 1998 *

, Miss World 1971 * Limor Schreibman-Sharir, Miss Israel 1973

Physicians famous as first ladies

* Susan Lynch (pediatrician), First Lady of New Hampshire * Mildred Scheel, wife of Walter Scheel

Physicians famous for other activities

* Anderson Ruffin Abbott * Jane Addams — social activist * Dav and ultrasound technologies to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Oswald Avery (1877–1955) — molecular biologist who discovered DNA carried genetic information * Ali Bacher — cricketer * Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (medieval writer), Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi — traveller * Roger Bannister — runner, first sub-four-minute miler * Josiah Bartlett — American statesman and chief justice of New Hampshire * T. Romeyn Beck (1791–1855) — American forensic medicine pioneer * Ramon Betances — surgeon, PR nationalist * Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867–1939) — nutritionist * Oscar Biscet — human rights advocate * Herman Boerhaave — humanist * Alexander Borodin — composer, chemist * Thomas Bowdler — censor * Lafayette Bunnell — explorer of Yosemite Valley * John Caius (1510–1573) — physician and educator * Roberto Canessa — survivor of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, which crashed in the Andes Mountains in 1972 * Gerolamo Cardano — mathematician * Alexis Carrell — transplant surgeon, eugenicist, Vichy sympathizer * Ben Carson — African-American neurosurgeon *

— Writer * Laurel B. Clark (1961–2003) — American astronaut, killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster * Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) — mathematician and astronomer * Merv Cross *

— Guinness World Record holder for most Breast enlargement surgery, breast augmentation surgeries performed. * Steven Eisenberg — known as "The Singing Cancer Doctor." * Sextus Empiricus (2nd–3rd century C.E.) — philosopher * Ken Evoy * Giovanni Fontana (engineer), Giovanni Fontana — Venetian physician, engineer, and encyclopedist * Luigi Galvani — physicist * Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) — philosopher * William Gilbert (astronomer), William Gilbert (1544–1603) — physicist * Carl Goresky — physician and scientist * W. G. Grace — cricketer * John Franklin Gray (1804–1881) — American educator, first practitioner of homeopathy in the US * Nehemiah Grew — botanist * Samuel Hahnemann — founder of homeopathy * Armand Hammer — entrepreneur * Daniel Harris (cricketer), Daniel Harris * Karin M. Hehenberger — diabetes expert * Hermann von Helmholtz — physicist * Jan Baptist van Helmont (1577–1655) — physiologist * Harry Hill — British comedian * Courtney Howard, Yellowknife-based ER physician and one-time leadership candidate, Green Party of Canada * Samuel Gridley Howe — abolitionist * Ebenezer Kingsbury Hunt (1810–1889) — President of the The Connecticut State Medical Society, Connecticut State Medical Society; director of the Retreat for the Insane * Varsha Jain - UK Space doctor/researcher for women's health * Mae Jemison (born 1956) — astronaut * David Johnson (swimmer), David Johnson — American swimmer * Stuart Kauffman (born 1939) — biologist *

— poet and author * John Harvey Kellogg — cereal manufacturer *

(1950–2018) — columnist and political commentator * Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) — based his system of criminology on physiognomy * John McAndrew (Gaelic footballer), John McAndrew (1927–2013) — All-Ireland Gaelic Footballer * June McCarroll — inventor of lane markings * Pat McGeer — Canadian basketball player * James McHenry (1753–1816) — signer of the United States Constitution * Archibald Menzies — naturalist * Franz Mesmer (1734–1815) — proponent of mesmerism and the idea of animal magnetism * Jonathan Miller (1934–2019) — television presenter and stage director * Paul Möhring (1710–1792) — zoologist, botanist * Maria Montessori — educator * Boris V. Morukov — cosmonaut * Lee Nelson (poker player), Lee "Final Table" Nelson — professional poker player * Haing S. Ngor — Oscar-winning film actor * Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers (1758–1840) — astronomer * Dinesh Palipana — physician with disability and advocate * Roza Papo — army general * James Parkinson — physician, geologist, political activist * Claude Perrault — architect * Christian Hendrik Persoon — South African botanist * Pope John XXI — pope * Scott Powell — co-founder of the nostalgia group Sha Na Na * Weston A. Price — traveler, educator * Syed Ziaur Rahman — physician and medical scientist * John Ray — plant taxonomer * Prathap C. Reddy * Bradbury Robinson — threw the first legal forward pass in American football history while a medical student at St. Louis University * Peter Mark Roget — English lexicographer * Jacques Rogge — sports official * Mowaffak al-Rubaie — human rights advocate, member of the Interim Iraqi Governing Council * Benjamin Rush — signer of the United States Constitution * Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819) — chemist * Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana * Félix Savart — physicist *

— humanist * Michael Servetus (1511–1553) — burnt at the stake by Calvinism, Calvinists for heresy * Paul Sinha — British comedian *

— Australian comedian *

(1954–2011, Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira) — Brazilian football (soccer) player * James Hudson Taylor (1832–1905) — British missionary to China and founder of the China Inland Mission * Norman Earl Thagard — astronaut * Debi Thomas (born 1967) — Olympic figure skater * William E. Thornton — astronaut * John Tidwell (basketball), John Tidwell — American basketball player * Nasiruddin al-Tusi — astronomer * Andrew Wakefield — conducted studies on disputed link between

s and neurodevelopmental disorders, which had many serious consequences * William Walker — Latin American adventurer * Moshe Wallach (1866–1957) — founder and director of Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem, for 45 years * John Clarence Webster — Canadian historian * Wilhelm Weinberg — with G. H. Hardy, developed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium model of population genetics * JPR Williams — rugby union player * Hugh Williamson — American patriot, statesman, Surgeon General of SC * Thomas Young (scientist), Thomas Young — scientist

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Physicians Lists of physicians, *

Chronological lists

Ancient physicians

Post-classical physicians

Early modern physicians

Late modern physicians

Physicians famous for their role in advancement of medicine

Physicians famous chiefly as eponyms

Physicians famous as criminals

Physicians famous as writers

Physicians famous as politicians

Argentina

Azerbaijan

Australia

Canada

France

Italy

Japan

Pakistan

The Netherlands

United Kingdom

United States

Physicians famous as sportspeople

Physicians famous for their role in television and the media

Australia

Brazil

Finland

Germany

Ireland

Malta

Norway

Pakistan

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

United States

Physicians famous as beauty queens

Physicians famous as first ladies

Physicians famous for other activities

See also

References