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Google is a
computer software Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consists ...
and a web search engine company that acquired, on average, more than one company per week in 2010 and 2011. The table below is an incomplete list of acquisitions, with each acquisition listed being for the respective company in its entirety, unless otherwise specified. The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between Google and the acquisition subject. As Google is headquartered in the United States, acquisition is listed in US dollars. If the price of an acquisition is unlisted, then it is undisclosed. If the Google service that is derived from the acquired company is known, then it is also listed here. Google itself was re-organized into a subsidiary of a larger holding company known as
Alphabet Inc. Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational technology conglomerate holding company headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and se ...
in 2015. , Alphabet has acquired over 200 companies, with its largest acquisition being the purchase of Motorola Mobility, a mobile device manufacturing company, for $12.5 billion. Most of the firms acquired by Google are based in the United States, and, in turn, most of these are based in or around the San Francisco Bay Area. To date, Alphabet has divested itself of four business units: Frommers, which was sold back to Arthur Frommer in April 2012; SketchUp, which was sold to Trimble in April 2012, Boston Dynamics in early 2016 and Google Radio Automation, which was sold to WideOrbit in 2009. Many Google products originated as services provided by companies that Google has since acquired. For example, Google's first acquisition was the Usenet company Deja News, and its services became Google Groups. Similarly, Google acquired Dodgeball, a social networking service company, and eventually replaced it with
Google Latitude Google Latitude was a location-aware feature of Google Maps, developed by Google as a successor to its earlier SMS-based service Dodgeball. Latitude allowed a mobile phone user to allow certain people to view their current location. Via their o ...
. Other acquisitions include web application company JotSpot, which became
Google Sites Google Sites is a structured wiki and web page creation tool included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. The service also includes Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Form ...
; Voice over IP company GrandCentral, which became
Google Voice Google Voice is a telephone service that provides a U.S. phone number to Google Account customers in the U.S. and Google Workspace (G Suite by October 2020) customers in Canada, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switz ...
; and video hosting service company Next New Networks, which became
YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group The YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group, founded as Next New Networks, is a company based in New York City. Next New was launched in March 2007 by founders Fred Seibert & Emil Rensing, and co-founders Herb Scannell, Timothy Shey and ...
. CEO Larry Page has explained that potential acquisition candidates must pass a sort of "toothbrush test": Are their products potentially useful once or twice a day, and do they improve your life? Following the acquisition of Israel-based startup Waze in June 2013, Google submitted a
10-Q Form 10-Q, (also known as a 10-Q or 10Q) is a quarterly report mandated by the United States federal Securities and Exchange Commission, to be filed by publicly traded corporations. Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange A ...
filing with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) that revealed that the corporation spent $1.3 billion on acquisitions during the first half of 2013, with $966 million of that total going to Waze.


Key acquisitions

In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006. On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire
DoubleClick DoubleClick Inc. was an advertisement company that developed and provided Internet ad serving services from 1995 until its acquisition by Google in March 2008. DoubleClick offered technology products and services that were sold primarily to ad ...
for $3.1 billion, transferring to Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies. The deal was approved despite anti-trust concerns raised by competitors Microsoft and
AT&T AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the world's largest telecommunications company by revenue and the third largest provider of mobile te ...
. On August 15, 2011, Google made its largest-ever acquisition to date when it announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion subject to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe. This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorola's considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies, to help protect Google in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies, mainly Apple and Microsoft, and to allow it to continue to freely offer Android. The merger was completed on May 22, 2012, after the approval of China. In June 2013, Google acquired Waze, a $966 million deal. While Waze would remain an independent entity, its social features, such as its crowdsourced location platform, were reportedly valuable integrations between Waze and Google Maps, Google's own mapping service. On January 26, 2014, Google announced it had agreed to acquire
DeepMind Technologies DeepMind Technologies is a British artificial intelligence subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. and research laboratory founded in 2010. DeepMind was acquired by Google in 2014 and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc, after Google's restru ...
, a privately held artificial intelligence company from London. DeepMind describes itself as having the ability to combine the best techniques from machine learning and systems neuroscience to build general-purpose learning algorithms. DeepMind's first commercial applications were used in simulations, e-commerce and games. it was reported that DeepMind had roughly 75 employees. Technology news website '' Recode'' reported that the company was purchased for $400 million though it was not disclosed where the information came from. A Google spokesman would not comment on the price. The purchase of DeepMind aids in Google's recent growth in the artificial intelligence and robotics community.


List of mergers and acquisitions

] , - scope="row" , 180 , , Pixate , Mobile software prototyping , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Android , , - , 181 , , Oyster , E-book subscriptions , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Google Play Books Google Play Books, formerly Google eBooks, is an ebook digital distribution service operated by Google, part of its Google Play product line. Users can purchase and download ebooks and audiobooks from Google Play, which offers over five million ...
, , - scope="row" , 182 , , Jibe Mobile , Rich Communication Services , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Messages A message is a discrete unit of communication intended by the source for consumption by some recipient or group of recipients. A message may be delivered by various means, including courier, telegraphy, carrier pigeon and electronic bus. A ...
, , - scope="row" , 183 , , Agawi , Mobile
application streaming Application streaming is a form of on-demand software distribution. In these scenarios, only essential portions of an application's code need to be installed on the computer: while the end user performs actions in the application, the necessary c ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — , Android, Google Play , , - scope="row" , 184 , , Digisfera , 360-degree photography , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Street View Google Street View is a technology featured in Google Maps and Google Earth that provides interactive panoramas from positions along many streets in the world. It was launched in 2007 in several cities in the United States, and has since expa ...
, , - scope="row" , 185 , , Fly Labs , Video editing , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Photos , , - scope="row" , 186 , , bebop , Cloud software , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , Google Cloud Platform , , - scope="row" , 187 , , BandPage , Platform for musicians , , style="text-align:center;" , — , YouTube , , - scope="row" , 188 , , Pie , Enterprise communications , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Spaces , , - scope="row" , 189 , , Synergyse , Interactive learning platform , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Docs , , - scope="row" , 190 , , Webpass , Internet service provider , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Fiber , , - scope="row" , 191 , , Moodstocks , Image recognition , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Photos , , - scope="row" , 192 , , Anvato , Cloud-based video services , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - scope="row" , 193 , , Kifi , Link management , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Spaces , , - scope="row" , 194 , , LaunchKit , Mobile developer tools , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Firebase , , - scope="row" , 195 , ,
Orbitera Orbitera is an American cloud services provider. A subsidiary of Google, the company develops and sells an e-commerce platform that automates billing and ordering processes for cloud marketplaces. History Orbitera was founded in 2012, by Brian S ...
, Cloud software , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 196 , ,
Apigee Apigee Corp. was an API management and predictive analytics software provider before its merger into Google Cloud. It was founded in 2004 as Sonoa Systems before being rebranded as Apigee in 2010. Apigee was acquired by Google in a deal worth $ ...
,
API management API management is the process of creating and publishing web application programming interfaces (APIs), enforcing their usage policies, controlling access, nurturing the subscriber community, collecting and analyzing usage statistics, and reportin ...
and predictive analytics , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 197 , ,
Urban Engines Urban Engines was a data analytics startup based in Silicon Valley. It was acquired by Google in September 2016. It used data to give insight into cities and how people move around in them. Founder and CEO Shiva Shivakumar says the company is ...
, Location-based analytics , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Maps , , - , 198 , , API.AI ,
Natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, in particular how to program computers to proc ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Assistant , , - , 199 , ,
FameBit YouTube BrandConnect (formerly FameBit) is an interactive entertainment company founded in 2013 and headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The company develops and maintains an Influencer Marketing link sharing platform. As of 2016 the comp ...
,
Branded content In marketing, branded content (also known as branded entertainment) is content produced by an advertiser or content whose creation was funded by an advertiser. In contrast to content marketing (in which content is presented first and foremost as a ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — , YouTube , , - , 200 , , Eyefluence , Eye tracking, virtual reality , style="text-align:center;" , — , style="text-align:center;" , — , , , - , 201 , , LeapDroid , Android Emulator , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Android , , - , 202 , , Qwiklabs , Cloud-based hands-on training platform , style="text-align:center;" , — , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 203 , , Cronologics , Smartwatches , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Android Wear Wear OS (also known simply as Wear and formerly Android Wear) is a version of Google's Android operating system designed for smartwatches and other wearables. By pairing with mobile phones running Android version 6.0 "Marshmallow" or newer, or ...
, , - , 204 , , Limes Audio , Voice communication , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Duo, Google Hangouts , , - , 205 , , Fabric , Mobile app platform , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Firebase , , - , 206 , ,
Kaggle Kaggle, a subsidiary of Google LLC, is an online community of data scientists and machine learning practitioners. Kaggle allows users to find and publish data sets, explore and build models in a web-based data-science environment, work with oth ...
, Data science , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 207 , , AppBridge , Productivity suite , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Docs , , - , 208 , , Owlchemy Labs , Virtual reality studio , , style="text-align:center;" , — , , , - , 209 , , Halli Labs ,
Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech re ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — , , , - scope="row" , 210 , , AIMatter ,
Computer vision Computer vision is an interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how computers can gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to understand and automate tasks that the human ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — , YouTube , , - scope="row" , 211 , , HTC , Talent and intellectual property licenses , , style="text-align:right;" , $1,100,000,000 ,
Google Pixel Google Pixel is a brand of consumer electronic devices developed by Google that run either ChromeOS or the Android operating system. The Pixel brand was introduced in February 2013 with the first-generation Chromebook Pixel. The Pixel line incl ...
, , - scope="row" , 212 , , Bitium , Single sign-on and identity management , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - scope="row" , 213 , , Relay Media , AMP converter , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Accelerated Mobile Pages , , - scope="row" , 214 , , 60db ,
Podcast A podcast is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet. For example, an episodic series of digital audio or video files that a user can download to a personal device to listen to at a time of their choosin ...
s , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Play Music, Google Podcasts , , - , 215 , , Redux , Audio , , style="text-align:center;" , — , , , - scope="row" , 216 , , Tenor , GIF
image search An image retrieval system is a computer system used for browsing, searching and retrieving images from a large database of digital images. Most traditional and common methods of image retrieval utilize some method of adding metadata such as caption ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Google Images Google Images (previously Google Image Search) is a search engine owned by Google that allows users to search the World Wide Web for images. It was introduced on July 12, 2001 due to a demand for pictures of the green Versace dress of Jennifer L ...
,
Gboard Gboard is a virtual keyboard app developed by Google for Android and iOS devices. It was first released on iOS in May 2016, followed by a release on Android in December 2016, debuting as a major update to the already-established Google Keyboard ...
, , - scope="row" , 217 , , Velostrata , Cloud migration , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - scope="row" , 218 , , Cask , Big data, Hadoop , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - scope="row" , 219 , , GraphicsFuzz , GPU reliability , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Android , , - , 220 , , Senosis , Health monitoring , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Nest Labs , , - , 221 , , Onward , Machine learning,
natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, in particular how to program computers to proc ...
, , style="text-align:center;" , — , , , - , 222 , , Workbench Education , Education technology , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Google Classroom Google Classroom is a free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process o ...
, , - , 223 , , Sigmoid Labs , Indian Railways train tracking app Where is my Train , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , Google Maps , , - , 224 , , DevOps Research and Assessment , Research and Assessment , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 225 , , Superpod , Question and answer app , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , Google Assistant , , - , 226 , , Alooma , Big data, cloud migration , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 227 , , Nightcorn , Video sharing , , style="text-align:center;" , — , YouTube , , - , 228 , ,
Looker ''Looker'' is a 1981 American science fiction film written and directed by Michael Crichton and starring Albert Finney, Susan Dey, and James Coburn. The film is a suspense/science-fiction piece that comments upon and satirizes media, advertising ...
, Big data, analytics , , style="text-align:right;" , $2,600,000,000 , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 229 , , Elastifile , File storage , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 230 , , Socratic , Learning apps , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Google Classroom Google Classroom is a free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process o ...
, , - , 231 , , CloudSimple , Cloud hosting , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 232 , , Typhoon Studios , Video game development , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Stadia Stadia may refer to: * One of the plurals of stadium, along with "stadiums" * The plural of stadion, an ancient Greek unit of distance, which equals to 600 Greek feet (''podes''). * Stadia (Caria), a town of ancient Caria, now in Turkey * Stadia ...
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AppSheet AppSheet is an application that provides a no-code development platform for application software, which allows users to create mobile, tablet, and web applications using data sources like Google Drive, DropBox, Office 365, and other cloud-based ...
, Mobile app development , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 234 , , Pointy , Local retail inventory feeds , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , Google Maps , , - , 235 , , Cornerstone Technology B.V. , Mainframe, cloud migration , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 236 , , North , Smart glasses , , style="text-align:right;" , $ , , , - , 237 , , Stratozone , Cloud Assessment , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 238 , , Dataform , Big data, analytics , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 239 , ,
Neverware Neverware was a New York City-based technology company and a subsidiary of Google. It was the developer of CloudReady, a distribution of Google's ChromiumOS designed to be installed on existing computers (as opposed to Google's commercial version, ...
,
ChromiumOS ChromiumOS is a free and open-source operating system designed for running web applications and browsing the World Wide Web. It is the open-source version of ChromeOS, a Linux-based operating system made by Google. Like ChromeOS, ChromiumOS is ...
distribution , , style="text-align:center;" , — , ChromeOS Flex , , - , 240 , , Actifio , Backup, Disaster Recovery , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 241 , ,
Fitbit Fitbit (stylized as fitbit) is an American consumer electronics and fitness company. It produces wireless-enabled wearable technology, physical fitness monitors and activity trackers such as smartwatches, pedometers and monitors for heart rate ...
, Wearables , , style="text-align:right;" , $2,100,000,000 , Wear OS , , - , 242 , , Provino , Cloud hardware , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Tensor processing unit Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is an AI accelerator application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google for neural network machine learning, using Google's own TensorFlow software. Google began using TPUs internally in 2015, and ...
, , - , 243 , , Dysonics , Audio hardware , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Pixel Buds , , - , 244 , , Playspace , Collaboration tool , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Workspace , , - , 245 , , MuJoCo , Robotics simulator , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Google DeepMind DeepMind Technologies is a British artificial intelligence subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. and research laboratory founded in 2010. DeepMind was acquired by Google in 2014 and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc, after Google's restru ...
, , - , 246 , , Siemplify ,
Cybersecurity Computer security, cybersecurity (cyber security), or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from attack by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized information disclosure, t ...
, , style="text-align:right;" , $500,000,000 , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 247 , March 8, 2022 , Mandiant , Cybersecurity , , style="text-align:right;" , $5,400,000,000 , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 248 , March 16, 2022 , Raxium , AR hardware , , style="text-align:right;" , $1,000,000,000 , , , - , 249 , April 22, 2022 , Vicarious , AI/Robotics software , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Intrinsic In science and engineering, an intrinsic property is a property of a specified subject that exists itself or within the subject. An extrinsic property is not essential or inherent to the subject that is being characterized. For example, mass ...
, , - , 250 , April 29, 2022 , MobiledgeX , Mobile Edge Computing , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Cloud Platform , , - , 251 , , Alter , Artificial intelligence ,
, style="text-align:center;" , $ , , , - , 252 , September 20, 2022 , BreezoMeter , Air quality monitoring , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google Maps , , - , 253 , October 11, 2022 , BrightBytes , Data & Analytics , , style="text-align:center;" , — , Google for Education , , - , 254 , October 26, 2022 , Sound Life Sciences , Health monitoring , , style="text-align:center;" , — , , , - , 255 , December 15, 2022 , Open Source Robotics Corporation , Robotics Software , , style="text-align:center;" , — ,
Intrinsic In science and engineering, an intrinsic property is a property of a specified subject that exists itself or within the subject. An extrinsic property is not essential or inherent to the subject that is being characterized. For example, mass ...
,


Divestitures

On December 10, 2012, Google sold the manufacturing operations of Motorola Mobility to Flextronics for $75 million. As a part of the agreement, Flextronics will manufacture undisclosed Android and other mobile devices. On December 19, 2012, Google sold the Motorola Home business division of Motorola Mobility to
Arris Group Arris International Limited (styled as ARRIS) is an American telecommunications equipment company engaged in data, video and telephony systems for homes and businesses. On April 4, 2019, Arris was acquired by network infrastructure provider CommS ...
for $2.35 billion in a cash-and-stock transaction. As a part of this deal, Google acquired a 15.7% stake in Arris Group valued at $300 million. On January 29, 2014, Google announced that it would divest Motorola Mobility to Lenovo for $2.91 billion, a fraction of the original $12.5 billion price paid by Google to acquire the company. Google retained all but 2000 of Motorola's patents and entered into cross-licensing deals. In 2017, Google sold off its satellite business, Terra Bella, to Planet Labs for an undisclosed price and entered into a multi-year agreement to license Earth imagery from the company.


See also

*
CapitalG CapitalG (formerly Google Capital) is the independent growth fund under Alphabet Inc. Founded in 2013, it focuses on larger, growth-stage technology companies, and invests for profit rather than strategically for Google. In addition to capital ...
, Alphabet's growth capital investment fund * GV, Alphabet's venture capital firm * List of largest mergers and acquisitions * Lists of corporate acquisitions and mergers


References


External links


Google's subsidiaries – US Securities and Exchange Commission



Google's acquisitions explained with visualization
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet, List of Alphabet Inc. lists
Alphabet An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letter (alphabet), letters) that represent the phonemes of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character ...
Alphabet An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letter (alphabet), letters) that represent the phonemes of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character ...