Throughout
its history, the European country of
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...
, changed the location of its
capital city
A capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses t ...
several times.
Middle Ages
*
Esztergom
Esztergom ( ; german: Gran; la, Solva or ; sk, Ostrihom, known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in northern Hungary, northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom County, on the right bank of the river ...
, from 1000 to 1256 (it was also one of the centers of the
Principality of Hungary, probably from the reigns of
Grand Prince Taksony or
Géza)
*
Székesfehérvár
Székesfehérvár (; german: Stuhlweißenburg ), known colloquially as Fehérvár ("white castle"), is a city in central Hungary, and the country's ninth-largest city. It is the regional capital of Central Transdanubia, and the centre of Fej� ...
, it often changed the capital title with Esztergom (one of the centers of the
Principality of Hungary until
Stephen's crowning. Royal seats, crowning, burials, and
Hungarian Diets took place from 1000 to 1543)
*
Buda
Buda (; german: Ofen, sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Budim, Будим, Czech and sk, Budín, tr, Budin) was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the ...
, from 1256 to 1315,
from 1408 to 1485 and from 1490 to 1536 (1541)
[Pressburg became the capital of Habsburg Hungary (]Royal Hungary
Royal may refer to:
People
* Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name
* A member of a royal family
Places United States
* Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
* Royal, Illinois, a village
* Royal, Iowa, a ...
) in 1536, however the Queen
Queen or QUEEN may refer to:
Monarchy
* Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom
** List of queens regnant
* Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king
* Queen dowager, the widow of a king
* Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...
, the infant counter-king John II and George Martinuzzi secured Buda until the Ottoman annexation (1541)
*
Temesvár (present-day Timișoara), 1315–1323
[Kristó Gyula - Barta János - Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, , p. 687, pp. 120-121 ("1315-ben Károly a királyi székhelyet a kevésbé biztonságos Budáról a nehezen megközelíthető Temesvárra helyezte át.."/"In 1315 Charles Robert moved the royal seat from the less safety Buda to the outway Temesvár (Timișoara).", "Károly Róbert a királyi székhelyet 1323 tavaszán Temesvárról Visegrádra helyezte át."/"Charles Robert moved the royal seat from Temesvár (Timișoara) to Visegrád in the spring of 1323")]
*
Visegrád, from 1323 to 1408
*
Bécs (Vienna), from 1485 to 1490, when
Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several m ...
occupied
' ( Norwegian: ') is a Norwegian political thriller TV series that premiered on TV2 on 5 October 2015. Based on an original idea by Jo Nesbø, the series is co-created with Karianne Lund and Erik Skjoldbjærg. Season 2 premiered on 10 Octobe ...
Lower Austria
Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...
and put his seat to Bécs (Vienna)
Modern era
*
Pressburg/Pozsony (present-day Bratislava) from 1536 to 1783 (during
Ottoman occupation)
*
Lippa (present-day Lipova), from 1541 to 1542, capital of the
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom ( hu, keleti Magyar Királyság) is a modern term coined by some historians to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule th ...
for a short time
*
Gyulafehérvár (present-day Alba Iulia), from 1542 to 1570, royal residence and the capital of the
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom ( hu, keleti Magyar Királyság) is a modern term coined by some historians to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule th ...
(it was also the centre of the latter
Principality of Transylvania)
*
Buda
Buda (; german: Ofen, sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Budim, Будим, Czech and sk, Budín, tr, Budin) was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the ...
, from 1783 to 1873
*
Debrecen
Debrecen ( , is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and ...
, in 1849 and in 1944 (during the
Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and at the end of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
)
*
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population o ...
(including Buda), 1873
–''present''
Capitals of Pannonia province
Note that the
Roman province
The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...
s on the territory of today's Hungary, notably
Pannonia
Pannonia (, ) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory that is now west ...
, had other capitals. Capitals of Roman (Lower) Pannonia, located in the territory of present-day Hungary, were:
Aquincum (today ''Óbuda''),
Savaria (today ''Szombathely'') and
Sopianae (today ''Pécs'').
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Historical Capitals Of Hungary
Historical capitals
Historical capitals of Hungary