This is a list of sovereign states and territories by
carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide ( chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is t ...
emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on th
EDGAR databasecreated by
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body ...
and
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency released in 2018. The following table lists the 1990, 2005 and 2017 annual emissions estimates (in Megatonnes of per year) along with a list of calculated emissions per km
2 (in tonnes of per year) and emissions per capita (in tonnes of per year).
I
The data only consider carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of
fossil fuels
A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. The main fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels ma ...
and
cement manufacture, but not emissions from
land use, land-use change and forestry. Emissions from international shipping or
bunker fuels are also not included in national figures,
which can make a large difference for small countries with important ports. When carbon dioxide emissions from land-use change are factored in, the majority of carbon emissions since 1905 occurred in Asia, Central and Southern America, reflecting the fact that developed nations cleared their forests in earlier centuries. Land-use factors have contributed nearly a third of total cumulative anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide since 1850, and until as recently as 1965 was actually a greater source of emissions than the combustion of fossil fuels and production of cement. The methodology for the calculations is public.
The top 10 largest emitter countries account for 67.6% of the world total. Since 2006, China has been emitting more than any other country, but all being equal, to make a fair comparison of contributions, emissions in terms of per person have to be made as China also has the world's largest population. When looking at
CO2 emissions per person, China's levels are less than half those of the United States (the next largest source of emissions) and about one-eighth of Palau (the biggest emitter per person).
Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as
production-based emissions, do not account for
emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the produced and reported in Asia and Eastern Europe is for the production of goods consumed in Western Europe and North America.
According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations. Its job is to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ...
(IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important
anthropogenic greenhouse gas
Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China and lar ...
by warming contribution. The other major
anthropogenic greenhouse gases (
methane
Methane ( , ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas. The relative abundance of methane ...
,
nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula . At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable gas, and ha ...
(NO) and some
fluorinated gases
Fluorinated gases (F-gases) are chemical compounds containing fluorine that are gases near room temperature.
Types of F-gases
The most common F-gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. They are used in ...
(
sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride or sulphur hexafluoride (British spelling) is an inorganic compound with the formula SF6. It is a colorless, odorless, non- flammable, and non-toxic gas. has an octahedral geometry, consisting of six fluorine atoms attach ...
(SF),
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and
perfluorocarbons (PFCs))
), are not included in the following list, nor are humans emissions of
water vapor
(99.9839 °C)
, -
, Boiling point
,
, -
, specific gas constant
, 461.5 J/( kg·K)
, -
, Heat of vaporization
, 2.27 MJ/kg
, -
, Heat capacity
, 1.864 kJ/(kg·K)
Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous p ...
(HO), the most important
greenhouse gas
A greenhouse gas (GHG or GhG) is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor (), carbon dioxide (), methane ...
es, as they are negligible compared to naturally occurring quantities.
Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide should allow independent monitoring in the mid-2020s.
Per capita emissions
File:Total CO2 emissions by country in 2017 vs per capita emissions (top 40 countries).svg, Total CO emissions by country/region in 2017 vs per capita emissions (top 40 countries)
File:Total Emissions CO2 for the period 1970 to 2017 and 2017 emissions, by country.svg, Total CO emissions for the period 1970 to 2017 and 2017 emissions, by country/region
Fossil emissions by country/region
Note: the point is a decimal point, so 1.000 Mt means 1 Mt, i.e. 1,000,000 tonne.
See also
*
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
This is a list of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita per year.
The first section is devoted to Production-based emissions of greenhouse gases, emissions based on the production of goods and services within each country (also k ...
*
List of countries by renewable electricity production
This article is a list of countries and territories by electricity generation from renewable sources every year. Note that most countries import and/or export electricity, so the percentage figure do not reflect the percentage of consumption tha ...
*
List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions
This is a list of countries by total greenhouse gas (GHG) annual emissions in 2016. It is based on data for carbon dioxide, methane (), nitrous oxide (), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions ...
*
List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person
*
Top contributors to greenhouse gas emissions
This is a collection of the results of various studies regarding the top contributors by business organisation to atmospheric greenhouse gases responsible for climate change.
Global emitters (1988 to 2015)
The following table shows the top 20 ind ...
General:
*
World energy supply and consumption
World energy supply and consumption is global production and preparation of fuel, generation of electricity, energy transport, and energy consumption. It is a basic part of economic activity. It includes heat, but not energy from food.
This art ...
Notes and references
External links
Millennium Development Goals Indicators–
United Nations Statistics Division
The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), formerly the United Nations Statistical Office, serves under the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) as the central mechanism within the Secretariat of the United Nations ...
GHG data from UNFCCC–
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established an international environmental treaty to combat "dangerous human interference with the climate system", in part by stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in ...
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data
CO emissions in kilotons–
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Inte ...
CO emissions in metric tons per capita–
Google Public Data Explorer
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Countries By Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China an ...
Carbon dioxide emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China an ...
Carbon dioxide emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China an ...
Carbon dioxide emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China an ...