This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europea ...

. The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the

Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent ( ar, الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan, together with the northern region of Kuwait, southeastern region of ...

(

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the ...

Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is eq ...

, and

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning the North Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via a land bridg ...

and neighboring areas of

Arabia The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plat ...

, Anatolia and

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkme ...

. It currently encompasses the area from

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

and Cyprus in the west to

and the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body ...

in the east, and from Turkey and Iran in the north, to

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast and sha ...

and

Oman Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...

in the south. * Conflicts are separate incidents with at least 100 casualties, and are listed by total deaths, including sub-conflicts. * The term "modern" refers to the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighti ...

and later period, in other words, since 1914.

List of conflicts

Casualties breakdown

Unification of Saudi Arabia The Unification of Saudi Arabia was a military and political campaign in which the various tribes, sheikhdoms, city-states, emirates, and kingdoms of most of the Arabian Peninsula were conquered by the House of Saud, or ''Al Saud''. Unificat ...

(combined casualties 7,989–8,989+) :

Battle of Riyadh (1902) The Battle of Riyadh was a minor battle of the Unification War between Rashidi and Saudi forces. It occurred on 13 January 1902, in Masmak Fort in Riyadh, the capital of present-day Saudi Arabia. In late 1901, following the end of the Secon ...

– 37 killed. : Battle of Dilam (1903) – 410 killed. : Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907) – 2,300+ killed. :Annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif (1913) – unknown. :

Battle of Jarrab The Battle of Jarrab was a territorial battle between the Al Saud and their traditional enemies, the Al Rashid on 24 January 1915. It was a proxy battle of World War I between the British-supported Saudis and the Ottoman-supported Rashidis. R ...

(1915) – unknown. :Battle of Kanzaan (1915) – unknown. : First Nejd–Hejaz War, 1918–1919 – 8,392+ killed : Kuwait–Najd War (1921) – 200Political Science. ''Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region''. University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved 2011

–800 killed. :1921 Ikhwan raid on Iraq – 700 killed. :

Conquest of Ha'il Conquest of Ha'il also referred as the Second Saudi–Rashidi War, was engaged by the Saudi forces, which received British military assistance and its ally Ikhwan tribesmen upon the Emirate of Jabal Shammar, under the last Rashidi ruler. On Nov ...

– unknown. :

Ikhwan raids on Transjordan Ikhwan raids on Transjordan were a series of attacks by the Ikhwan, irregular Arab tribesmen of Najd, on Transjordan between 1922 and 1924. The repeated Wahhabi incursions from Najd into southern parts of his territory were the most serious thre ...

1922–1924 – 500-1,500 killed. : Second Nejd–Hejaz War (1924–1925) – 450 killed. : Ikhwan Revolt (1927–1930) – 2,000 killed.

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918. The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire (including the majority of Kurdish tribes, a relative majority of Arabs, and Caucasian ''T ...

(combined casualty figure 2,825,000–5,000,000) of: *

Caucasus campaign The Caucasus campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, later including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, the German Empire, the Central Caspian Di ...

* Persian campaign * Gallipoli campaign *

Mesopotamian campaign The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, troops from Britain, Australia and the vast majority from British India, against the Central P ...

* Sinai and Palestine campaign *

Arab Revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On t ...

South Arabia South Arabia () is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it has also historically included Najran, Jizan, Al-Bahah, and 'A ...

Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through th ...

– c 1.5 million dead *

Assyrian genocide The Sayfo or the Seyfo (; see below), also known as the Assyrian genocide, was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian / Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish ...

– 150,000–300,000 dead *

Great Famine of Mount Lebanon The Great Famine of Mount Lebanon (1915–1918) ( syc, ܟܦܢܐ, lit=Starvation, translit=Kafno; ar, مجاعة لبنان, translit=Majā'at Lubnān; tr, Lübnan Dağı'nın Büyük Kıtlığı) was a period of mass starvation during World Wa ...

– 200,000 dead

Turkish War of Independence The Turkish War of Independence "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Independence War" or ''Millî Mücadele'' "National Struggle" (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns waged by th ...

(combined figure 170,500–873,000+): :Greco-Turkish War – 70,000–400,000 casualties :Franco-Turkish War – 40,000 casualties. :Turkish–Armenian War – 60,000–432,500 casualties. :Koçkiri Rebellion – 500 killed. : Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur – unknown. :

Kuva-i Inzibatiye The Kuvâ-i İnzibâtiyye ( ota, قوای انضباطيّه, lit=Forces of Order; tr, Hilafet Ordusu, lit=Caliphate Army) was an army established on 18 April 1920 by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire in order to fight against the ...

revolt – unknown.

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict The Iraqi–Kurdish conflict consists of a series of wars and rebellions by the Kurds against the central authority of Iraq during the 20th century, which began shortly after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and lasting until the ...

(combined casualty figure 138,800–320,100) of: : Mahmud Barzanji revolts – unknown. :Ahmad Barzanji revolt (1931) – unknown. :1943 Iraqi Kurdish revolt (1943) – unknown. :

First Iraqi–Kurdish War The First Iraqi–Kurdish WarMichael G. Lortz. (Chapter 1, Introduction). ''The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga''. pp.39-42. (Arabic: الحرب العراقية الكردية الأولى) also known as Aylul revo ...

(1961–1970) – 75,000–105,000 killed. :

Second Iraqi–Kurdish War The Second Iraqi–Kurdish War was the second chapter of the Barzani rebellion, initiated by the collapse of the Kurdish autonomy talks and the consequent Iraqi offensive against rebel KDP troops of Mustafa Barzani during 1974–1975. The war ca ...

(1974–1975) – 9,000 killed.
600,000 displaced : PUK insurgency (1976–1978) – 800 killed. : Iraqi Kurdish uprising (1982–1988) – 50,000–198,000 killed. :

1991 Uprising in As Sulaymaniyah The Battle of Sulaymaniyah was one of the greatest battles fought during the 1991 uprisings in Iraq. Sulaymaniyah, a mostly Kurdish city with a population of over 100,000, was the first to be liberated by the rebels and the last to fall back to ...

– 700–2,000 killed. :

Iraqi Kurdish Civil War The Iraqi Kurdish Civil War was a civil war that took place between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan during the mid-1990s, mostly between the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Over the course of the c ...

(1994–1997) – 3,000–5,000 killed. :

2003 invasion of Iraq The 2003 invasion of Iraq was a United States-led invasion of the Ba'athist Iraq, Republic of Iraq and the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 19 March 2003 (air) and 20 March 2003 (ground) and lasted just over one mont ...

– several hundred killed (≈300) on the Kurdish front, at least 24 Peshmerga killed.

Middle Eastern theatre of World War II The Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre was a major theatre of operations during the Second World War. The vast size of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre saw interconnected naval, land, and air campaigns fought for control of the Medi ...

(combined casualty figure 12,338–14,898+) of: :

Anglo-Iraqi War The Anglo-Iraqi War was a British-led Allied military campaign during the Second World War against the Kingdom of Iraq under Rashid Gaylani, who had seized power in the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état, with assistance from Germany and Italy. The ca ...

– at least 560 killed.Wavell, p. 3438 :

Farhud ''Farhud'' ( ar, الفرهود) was the pogrom or "violent dispossession" carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad, Iraq, on June 1–2, 1941, immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War. The riots occurred in a ...

175–780 killed. :

Syria–Lebanon Campaign The Syria–Lebanon campaign, also known as Operation Exporter, was the Allied invasion of Syria and Lebanon (then controlled by Vichy France) in June and July 1941, during the Second World War. The French had ceded autonomy to Syria in Septemb ...

10,404–12,964 killed. : Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100 – 1,062 killed. :

Bombing of Palestine in World War II The Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II was part of an effort by the Italian Royal Air Force (''Regia Aeronautica'') to strike at the United Kingdom and its overseas empire throughout the Middle East during World War II. ...

137 deaths. : Bombing of Bahrain in World War II – unknown.

Iran crisis of 1946 The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis () in the Iranian sources, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory, despite repea ...

(combined casualty figure 1,921+): : Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis – 421 killed. :

Republic of Mahabad The Republic of Mahabad or the Republic of Kurdistan ( ku, کۆماری کوردستان / Komara Kurdistanê; fa, جمهوری مهاباد) was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to ...

crisis – ≈1,000 killed. :Civil interregnum – 500 killed.

Arab–Israeli conflict The Arab–Israeli conflict is an ongoing intercommunal phenomenon involving political tension, military conflicts, and other disputes between Arab countries and Israel, which escalated during the 20th century, but had mostly faded out by th ...

(combined casualty figure 76,338–87,338+): :Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) – 14,400 casualties. :

Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency The Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency refers to the armed cross-border conflict, which peaked between 1949 and 1956, involving Israel and Palestinian militants, mainly based in the Gaza Strip, under the nominal control, of the All-Palestine Protec ...

and

Retribution operations Reprisal operations ( he, פעולות התגמול, ') were raids carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in the 1950s and 1960s in response to frequent fedayeen attacks during which armed Arab militants infiltrated Israel from Syria, Egyp ...

(1950s) – 3,456 casualties :

Suez War The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli war, also called the Tripartite Aggression ( ar, العدوان الثلاثي, Al-ʿUdwān aṯ-Ṯulāṯiyy) in the Arab world and the Sinai War in Israel,Also known as the Suez War or 1956 Wa ...

(1956) – 3,203 killed. :Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1965–present) – 24,000 killed ::

Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon The Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon was a conflict initiated by Palestinian militants based in South Lebanon upon Israel from 1968 and upon Christian Lebanese factions from the mid-1970s, which evolved into the wider Lebanese Civil War ...

– 2,600–20,000 killed :::Operation Litani :::1982 Lebanon War ::First Palestinian Intifada – 2,000 killed ::Al-Aqsa Intifada – 7,000 killed ::Gaza–Israel conflict – 3,500+ killed :

Six-Day War The Six-Day War (, ; ar, النكسة, , or ) or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 Jun ...

(1967) – 13,976 killed. :War of Attrition (1967–1970) – 6,403 killed. :

Yom Kippur War The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from October 6 to 25, 1973 between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab state ...

(1973) 10,000–21,000.

North Yemen Civil War The North Yemen Civil War ( ar, ثورة 26 سبتمبر, Thawra 26 Sabtambar, 26 September Revolution) was fought in North Yemen from 1962 to 1970 between partisans of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom and supporters of the Yemen Arab Republic. The ...

(combined 100,000–200,000 casualties): : 1962 Coup d'état : Ramadan offensive : Haradh offensive : 1965 Royalist offensive :

Siege of Sana'a (1967) The siege of Sanaa, also known as the Seventy Day Siege, took place between 28 November 1967 and 7 February 1968, becoming a critical battle to determine the outcome of the North Yemen Civil War. With the eventual failure of the royalists to reta ...

Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ...

(combined 39,132–43,970+ mortal casualties): :

Bus massacre The 1975 Beirut bus massacre ( ar, مجزرة بوسطة عين الرمانة ,مجزرة عين الرمانة), also known as the Ain el-Rammaneh incident and the "Black Sunday", was the collective name given to a short series of armed clashes ...

– 27 killed. :

Hundred Days' War The Hundred Days War ( ar, حرب المئة يوم, ''Harb Al-Mia'at Yaoum,'' French: La Guerre des Cent Jours) was a subconflict within the 1977–82 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred in the Lebanese capital Beirut. It was foug ...

– 160 killed. :

Karantina massacre The Karantina massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الكرنتينا, French: Massacre de La Quarantaine/Karantina) took place on January 18, 1976, early in the Lebanese Civil War. La Quarantaine, known in Arabic as Karantina, was a predominantly Pal ...

– 1,000–1,500 killed. :

Damour massacre The Damour massacre took place on January 21, 1976, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. Damour, a Maronite Christian town on the main highway south of Beirut, was attacked by the left-wing militants of the Palestine Liberation Organisa ...

– 684 killed. :

Battle of the Hotels The Battle of the Hotels ( ar, معركة الفنادق, ''Maʿrakah al-Fanādiq,'' French: Front des Hotels), was a subconflict within the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred in the Minet-el-Hosn hotel district of downto ...

– 700 killed. : Black Saturday (Lebanon) – 200–600 killed. :

Tel al-Zaatar massacre The Siege of Tel al-Zaatar ( ar, حصار تل الزعتر, French: Siège de Tel al-Zaatar), alternatively known as the Massacre of Tel al-Zaatar, was an armed siege of Tel al-Zaatar (meaning ''Hill of Thyme'' in Arabic), a fortified, UNRWA-ad ...

– 1,778–3,278 killed. :

1982 Lebanon War The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee ( he, מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג ''Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil'' or ''Mivtsa Sheleg'') by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First L ...

– 28,280 killed. :

Sabra and Shatila massacre The Sabra and Shatila massacre (also known as the Sabra and Chatila massacre) was the killing of between 460 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, by the militia of the Lebanese Forces, a Maronite Christian Lebane ...

– 762–3,500 killed. :

War of the Camps The War of the Camps ( ar, حرب المخيمات, ''Harb al-mukhayimat''), was a subconflict within the 1984–1990 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, in which the Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut were besieged by the Shia Amal militia ...

(1986–1987) – 3,781 killed. :

Mountain War The Mountain War ( ar, حرب الجبل , ''Harb al-Jabal''), also known as the War of the Mountain and Guerre de la Montagne in French, was a subconflict between the 1982–83 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and the 1984–89 phase of the ...

– 1,600 killed. : War of Liberation (1989–1990) – unknown. : October 13 massacre – 500–700 killed, 260 civilians massacred.

Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution The consolidation of the Iranian Revolution refers to a turbulent process of Islamic Republic stabilization, following the completion of the Islamic revolution. After the Shah of Iran and his regime were overthrown by Islamic revolutionaries in F ...

(combined fatalities count 12,000): :

1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran The 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran is an event which erupted in mid-March 1979, two months after the completion of the Iranian Revolution. It subsequently became the largest among the nationwide uprisings in Iran against the new state and on ...

– 10,171+ killed and executed.David McDowall. ''A Modern History of the Kurds'' (1996) : 1979 Khuzestan uprising – 112+ killed. :1979 Khorasan uprising – unknown. :1979 Azeri uprising – unknown. :1979 Baluchistan uprising – 50 killed. :

Iran hostage crisis On November 4, 1979, 52 United States diplomats and citizens were held hostage after a group of militarized Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over t ...

– 9 killed. :1979–1980 Tehran clashes – unknown.

Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Counci ...

(combined death count 645,000–823,000+): : Iraqi invasion 1980 : Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981–1982 : Liberation of Khorramshahr 1982 – 17,000 killed : Operation Undeniable Victory 1982 – 50,000 mortal casualties :

Operation Ramadan Operation Ramadan was an Iranian offensive in the Iran–Iraq War that consisted of three separate attacks that lasted for 6 weeks. It was launched by Iran on 13 July 1982 near Basra and featured the use of human wave attacks in the largest land ...

1982 – 80,000 killed : Kurdish Rebellion 1983–1988 (including the

Al-Anfal Campaign The Anfal campaign; ku, شاڵاوی ئەنفال or the Kurdish genocide was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988, at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rur ...

) 50,000–198,000 killed :

Operation Before the Dawn Operation Before the Dawn was the first of the three costly human-wave attacks of 1983 in the Amarah area 200 kilometers southeast of Baghdad. It was launched by Iran. Prelude The Iranians originally planned the offensive to mark the fourth an ...

1983 – 6,000+ killed :

Operation Dawn 3 Operation Dawn 3 or Operation Valfajr-3 ( Persian: عملیات والفجر-۳) was an operation during Iran–Iraq War which was commenced on 3 August 1983 at 23 o'clock with the operation code of "Ya Allah" (Persian/Arabic: یاالله). Thi ...

– 162,000 killed :

Operation Dawn 5 As 1984 began, Iran launched the largest offensive up to that date Operation Dawn V, also known as Operation Dawn 5 or Operation Valfajr-5 (Persian). The goal of the offensive was to split the Iraqi 4th Army Corps and 6th Army Corps between Basra ...

1984 – 50,000 killed :

Operation Dawn 6 Operation Dawn 6 (Operation Valfajr 6 �ملیات والفجر ۶in Persian) was a military operation conducted by the forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran against the armed forces of Saddam Hussein's Iraq. It lasted from 22 to 24 February 19 ...

1984 – unknown :

Operation Khaibar Operation Kheibar was an Iranian offensive in the Iran–Iraq War. It was part of the Battle of the Marshes. Prelude After the unsuccessful major offensive named Operation Dawn V aimed directly at Basra, Iran opened a front at the lakes of th ...

1984 – 49,000 killed :

Tanker War The Tanker War was a protracted series of armed skirmishes between Iran and Iraq against merchant vessels in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz from 1984 to 1988. The conflict was a part of the larger Iran–Iraq War. Background Prior to ...

1984 :

Operation Badr (1985) Operation Badr was an Iranian operation conducted during the Iran–Iraq War against the forces of Ba'athist Iraq. The Iranians launched their offensive on March 11 and succeeded in capturing a part of the Basra- Amarah-Baghdad highway. The follo ...

– 30,000–32,000 :

War of the Cities The War of the Cities was five series of air raids, missile attacks and artillery shellings on major cities and urban areas initiated by Saddam Hussein's Iraqi Air Force, with the aim of disrupting the morale of Iran during the Iran–Iraq War. T ...

1985–1987 :

Operation Dawn-8 The First Battle of al-Faw was a battle of the Iran–Iraq War, fought on the al-Faw peninsula between 10 February and 10 March 1986. The Iranian operation is considered to be one of Iran's greatest achievements in the Iran–Iraq War. The Ir ...

1986 – unknown : Operation Karbala-4 1986 – 15,000 killed :

Operation Karbala-5 The siege of Basra, code-named Operation Karbala-5 ( fa, عملیات کربلای ۵ ) or The Great Harvest ( ar, الحصاد الاكبر), was an offensive operation carried out by Iran in an effort to capture the Iraqi port city of Basra in ...

– 85,000 killed :

Operation Nasr 4 Operation Nasr-4 ( fa, عملیات نصر ۴) was an Iranian military operation from May to June 1987 which threatened the Iraqi city of Kirkuk during the Iran–Iraq War. The operation took place in February 1987 after Iran's Operation Karbal ...

– unknown :

Operation Karbala-10 Operation Karbala 10 was a joint effort by Iran and Kurdish PUK rebels in Iraq. Wanting revenge after their failed attempt to besiege Basra, the Iranians launched Operation Karbala 10 in northern Iraq on 14 April. They wanted to show the Ira ...

– unknown : Operation Mersad 1987 – 4,900 killed :

1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners The 1988 executions of prisoners were a series of mass executions of political prisoners across Iran. The order for the executions was given by Ayatollah Khomeini and it was carried out by Iranian officials; starting on 19 July 1988 and continu ...

2,000 – 30,000 executed

Iraq War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Iraq War {{Nobold, {{lang, ar, حرب العراق (Arabic) {{Nobold, {{lang, ku, شەڕی عێراق ( Kurdish) , partof = the Iraq conflict and the War on terror , image ...

2003–2011 (combined casualty figure of 192,361–226,056+): :

– 35,000 killed :

Iraqi insurgency (2003–06) Iraqi insurgency may refer to: * Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), part of the Iraq War ** Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006), 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency ** Iraqi civil war (2006–2008), multi-sided civil war in Iraq * Iraqi insurgency (20 ...

– 15,000 killed : Civil war in Iraq 2006–2008 – 30,000–40,000 killed : Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011) – 5,000–10,000 killed :: Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq – ≈1,000 killed :

Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal) Iraqi insurgency may refer to: * Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), part of the Iraq War ** Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006), 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency ** Iraqi civil war (2006–2008), multi-sided civil war in Iraq * Iraqi insurgency (2 ...

– 54,000+ killed :

Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017) Iraqi civil war may refer to: * Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003), wars and rebellions by Iraqi Kurds against the government ** First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–70) ** Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–75) * 1991 Iraqi uprisings, rebellions ...

– 53,361–72,056 killed

Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine The intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine was the civil, political and armed struggle between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish Yishuv during the British rule in Mandatory Palestine, beginning from the violent spillover of the Franco-Syrian ...

(combined casualties 7,813) : 1921 Jaffa riots – 95 killed :

1929 Palestine riots The 1929 Palestine riots, Buraq Uprising ( ar, ثورة البراق, ) or the Events of 1929 ( he, מאורעות תרפ"ט, , ''lit.'' Events of 5689 Anno Mundi), was a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 in which a longst ...

– 251 killed. :

1933 Palestine riots The 1933 Palestine riots ( he, מאורעות תרצ"ד, Me'oraot Tartsad) were a series of violent riots in Mandatory Palestine, as part of the intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine. The riots erupted on 13 October 1933 when the police br ...

– 20 killed. : Arab Revolt in Palestine – 5,000 killed. :

Jewish insurgency in Palestine A successful paramilitary campaign was carried out by Zionist underground groups against British rule in Mandatory Palestine from 1944 to 1948. The tensions between the Zionist underground and the British mandatory authorities rose from 1938 an ...

(1944–47) – 338 BritishBenjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon: Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of Empire, p. 100 and around 100 Palestinian Jews killed. : 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine – 2,009 killed by 1 April 1948. Yoav Gelber (2006), p.85

Egyptian Crisis Egyptian describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of years of ...

(combined casualties 5,000+) :

Egyptian Revolution of 2011 The 2011 Egyptian revolution, also known as the 25 January revolution ( ar, ثورة ٢٥ يناير; ), began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police ho ...

– 846 killed :

Sinai insurgency The Sinai insurgency is an ongoing insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, that was commenced by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces, which have also included attacks on civilians. The insurgency began during the Egyptian ...

– 2,800+ killed Syrian Civil War (combined casualties 270,000–450,000) * Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War – *

Early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War The early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War lasted from late July 2011 to April 2012, and was associated with the rise of armed oppositional militias across Syria and the beginning of armed rebellion against the authorities of the Syrian ...

– *

2012–13 escalation of the Syrian Civil War 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. I ...

– * Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War – 5,641–6,991 killed * ISIL expansion * Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War ** US-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War **

Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , partof = the foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war, and the military intervention against ISIL , image = , image_size = , border = , caption = To ...

Battle of Aleppo A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

and

Operation Euphrates Shield Operation Euphrates Shield ( tr, Fırat Kalkanı Harekâtı) was a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces in the Syrian Civil War which led to the Turkish occupation of northern Syria. Operations were carried out ...

Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017) The Eastern Syria campaign of September–December 2017 was a large-scale military operation of the Syrian Army (SAA) and its allies against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) during the Syrian Civil War. Its goal was to clear the c ...

* Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) *

Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019) The 2019 northwestern Syria offensive, codenamed "Dawn of Idlib" (), was a military operation launched on 30 April 2019 by the Syrian Armed Forces and its allies against rebel groups in northwestern Syria during the Syrian civil war in a regio ...

and

2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria The 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, code-named Operation Peace Spring ( tr, Barış Pınarı Harekâtı) by Turkey, was a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) and the Syrian National Arm ...

Iran–Israel proxy conflict The Iran–Israel proxy conflict, also known as the Iran–Israel proxy war or Iran–Israel Cold War, is an ongoing proxy war between Iran and Israel. The conflict involves threats and hostility by Iran's leaders against Israel, and their decla ...

(combined casualties ≈2,000) *

2006 Lebanon War The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War ( ar, حرب تموز, ''Ḥarb Tammūz'') and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War ( he, מלחמת לבנון השנייה, ''Milhemet Leva ...

– 1,641 killed * Iran–Israel proxy conflict during the Syrian Civil War – several dozen killed

References

External links

U.S. Involvement in Middle Eastern Conflicts
from th
Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

Geopolitical perspective of a "new era" in the Middle East
{{DEFAULTSORT:Middle East, Modern Conflicts Military lists Lists of wars by region History-related lists Conflicts, Middle East, Modern

Modern Modern may refer to: History *Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Philosophy ...

21st-century military history Conflicts in 2022

List of conflicts

Casualties breakdown

See also

References

External links