The lists of birds in the light blue box below are divided by biological

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...

. The lists are based on ''The AOS Check-list of North American Birds'' of the

American Ornithological Society The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is an ornithological organization based in the United States. The society was formed in October 2016 by the merger of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) and the Cooper Ornithological Society. Its ...

and ''

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 2022 ...

'' supplemented with checklists from Panama, Greenland, and Bermuda . It includes the birds of

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world ...

, the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territo ...

(excluding

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only ...

Mexico Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Gua ...

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

Bermuda ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , ...

, and the

West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Grea ...

Taxonomy

The taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adheres to the conventions of the AOS's (2019) ''Check-list of North American Birds'', the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the ''Check-list'', "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOS 2019). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy is an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in North America as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote certain categories of species: *(A) =

Accident An accident is an unintended, normally unwanted event that was not directly caused by humans. The term ''accident'' implies that nobody should be blamed, but the event may have been caused by unrecognized or unaddressed risks. Most researche ...

al occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records, and unlikely to occur regularly. *(E) =

Extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

; a recent member of the avifauna that no longer exists. *(Ex) =

Extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...

; no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations still exist elsewhere. *(I) = Introduced population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous. Conservation status -

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biolog ...

:
: - Extinct, - Extinct in the Wild : - Critically Endangered, - Endangered, - Vulnerable : - Near Threatened, - Least Concern :(v. 2019, the data is current as of July 25, 2019 and

Endangered Species Act The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA or "The Act"; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is the primary law in the United States for protecting imperiled species. Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of ec ...

:
: - endangered, - threatened :, - experimental non essential or essential population :, - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance :(including taxa not necessarily found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014

Tinamous

Order: TinamiformesFamily: Tinamidae The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are related to the

ratites A ratite () is any of a diverse group of flightless, large, long-necked, and long-legged birds of the infraclass Palaeognathae. Kiwi, the exception, are much smaller and shorter-legged and are the only nocturnal extant ratites. The systematics o ...

(order

Struthioniformes Struthioniformes is an order of birds with only a single extant family, Struthionidae, containing the ostriches. Several other extinct families are known, spanning across the Northern Hemisphere, from the Early Eocene to the early Pliocene, includ ...

), which includes the rheas,

emu The emu () (''Dromaius novaehollandiae'') is the second-tallest living bird after its ratite relative the ostrich. It is endemic to Australia where it is the largest native bird and the only extant member of the genus ''Dromaius''. The em ...

s, and

kiwi Kiwi most commonly refers to: * Kiwi (bird), a flightless bird native to New Zealand * Kiwi (nickname), a nickname for New Zealanders * Kiwifruit, an edible berry * Kiwi dollar or New Zealand dollar, a unit of currency Kiwi or KIWI may also ref ...

s. * Highland tinamou, ''Nothocercus bonapartei'' * Great tinamou, ''Tinamus major'' * Little tinamou, ''Crypturellus soui'' * Thicket tinamou, ''Crypturellus cinnamomeus'' * Slaty-breasted tinamou, ''Crypturellus boucardi'' * Choco tinamou, ''Crypturellus kerriae''

Screamers

Order:

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which in ...

Family: Anhimidae The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes. * Northern screamer, ''Chauna chavaria'' (A)

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order:

Family:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating on ...

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. * White-faced whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna viduata'' *

Black-bellied whistling-duck The black-bellied whistling duck (''Dendrocygna autumnalis''), formerly called the black-bellied tree duck, is a whistling duck that breeds from the southernmost United States, Mexico, and tropical Central to south-central South America. In t ...

, ''Dendrocygna autumnalis'' * West Indian whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna arborea'' * Fulvous whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' *

Emperor goose The emperor goose (''Anser canagicus''), also known as the beach goose or the painted goose, is a waterfowl species in the family Anatidae, which contains the ducks, geese, and swans. It is blue-gray in color as an adult and grows to in length. ...

, ''Anser canagicus'' *

Snow goose The snow goose (''Anser caerulescens'') is a species of goose native to North America. Both white and dark morphs exist, the latter often known as blue goose. Its name derives from the typically white plumage. The species was previously placed ...

, ''Anser caerulescens'' *

Ross's goose The Ross's goose (''Anser rossii'') is a white goose with black wingtips and a relatively short neck. It is the smallest of the three " white geese" that breed in North America. It is similar in appearance to a white-phase snow goose, but about 4 ...

, ''Anser rossii'' * Graylag goose, ''Anser anser'' (A) *

Greater white-fronted goose The greater white-fronted goose (''Anser albifrons'') is a species of goose related to the smaller lesser white-fronted goose (''A. erythropus''). It is named for the patch of white feathers bordering the base of its bill, in fact ''albifrons ...

, ''Anser albifrons'' *

Lesser white-fronted goose The lesser white-fronted goose (''Anser erythropus'') is a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (''A. albifrons''). It breeds in the northernmost Palearctic, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe. There is a re-introduction sch ...

, ''Anser erythropus'' (A) *

Taiga bean-goose The taiga bean goose (''Anser fabalis'') is a goose that breeds in northern Europe and Asia. This and the tundra bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and the International Ornithologists' Union, b ...

, ''Anser fabalis'' (A) *

Tundra bean-goose The tundra bean goose (''Anser serrirostris'') is a goose that breeds in northern Siberia. This and the taiga bean goose are recognised as separate species by the American Ornithological Society and International Ornithologists' Union, but are co ...

, ''Anser serrirostris'' (A) (''A. fabalis'': ) *

Pink-footed goose The pink-footed goose (''Anser brachyrhynchus'') is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. It is migratory, wintering in northwest Europe, especially Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and western Denmark. The nam ...

, ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' (C) * Brant, ''Branta bernicla'' *

Barnacle goose The barnacle goose (''Branta leucopsis'') is a species of goose that belongs to the genus ''Branta'' of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey '' Anser'' species. Despite its superficial ...

, ''Branta leucopsis'' (C) *

Cackling goose The cackling goose (''Branta hutchinsii'') is a species of goose found in North America. Description The black head and neck with white "chinstrap" distinguish this goose from all other geese except the larger Canada goose (''Branta canadensis'' ...

, ''Branta hutchinsii'' *

Canada goose The Canada goose (''Branta canadensis''), or Canadian goose, is a large wild goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. It is native to the arctic and temperate regions of North America, and it is ...

, ''Branta canadensis'' *

Mute swan The mute swan (''Cygnus olor'') is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is native to much of Eurosiberia, and (as a rare winter visitor) the far north of Africa. It is an introduced species in North America, home ...

, ''Cygnus olor'' (I) *

Trumpeter swan The trumpeter swan (''Cygnus buccinator'') is a species of swan found in North America. The heaviest living bird native to North America, it is also the largest extant species of waterfowl, with a wingspan of 185 to 250 cm (6 ft 2 in to 8 ft 2 ...

, ''Cygnus buccinator'' *

Tundra swan The tundra swan (''Cygnus columbianus'') is a small swan of the Holarctic. The two taxa within it are usually regarded as conspecific, but are also sometimes split into two species: Bewick's swan (''Cygnus bewickii'') of the Palaearctic and the w ...

, ''Cygnus columbianus'' *

Whooper swan The whooper swan ( /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/) (''Cygnus cygnus''), also known as the common swan, pronounced ''hooper swan'', is a large northern hemisphere swan. It is the Eurasian counterpart of the North American trumpeter swan, and the type spec ...

, ''Cygnus cygnus'' (A) * Comb duck, ''Sarkidiornis sylvicola'' * Orinoco goose, ''Neochen jubata'' (A) *

Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca'') is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley. Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appeared ...

, ''Alopochen aegyptiaca '' (I) *

Common shelduck The common shelduck (''Tadorna tadorna'') is a waterfowl species of the shelduck genus, '' Tadorna''. It is widespread and common in the Euro-Siberian region of the Palearctic, mainly breeding in temperate and wintering in subtropical regions; ...

, ''Tadorna tadorna'' (A) *

Ruddy shelduck The ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea''), known in India as the Brahminy duck, is a member of the family Anatidae. It is a distinctive waterfowl, in length with a wingspan of . It has orange-brown body plumage with a paler head, while the ...

, ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (A) *

Muscovy duck The Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') is a large duck native to the Americas, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the Unit ...

, ''Cairina moschata'' *

Wood duck The wood duck or Carolina duck (''Aix sponsa'') is a species of perching duck found in North America. The drake wood duck is one of the most colorful North American waterfowl. Description The wood duck is a medium-sized perching duck. A typi ...

, ''Aix sponsa'' * Baikal teal, ''Sibirionetta formosa'' (A) *

Garganey The garganey (''Spatula querquedula'') is a small dabbling duck. It breeds in much of Europe and across the Palearctic, but is strictly migratory, with the entire population moving to southern Africa, India (in particular Santragachi), Banglade ...

, ''Spatula querquedula'' (A) *

Blue-winged teal The blue-winged teal (''Spatula discors'') is a species of bird in the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. One of the smaller members of the dabbling duck group, it occurs in North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scotia, ...

, ''Spatula discors'' * Cinnamon teal, ''Spatula cyanoptera'' *

Northern shoveler The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America, wintering in southern Euro ...

, ''Spatula clypeata'' *

Gadwall The gadwall (''Mareca strepera'') is a common and widespread dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. Taxonomy The gadwall was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. DNA studies have shown tha ...

, ''Mareca strepera'' * Falcated duck, ''Mareca falcata'' (A) *

Eurasian wigeon The Eurasian wigeon or European wigeon (''Mareca penelope''), also known as the widgeon or the wigeon, is one of three species of wigeon in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca''. It is common and widespread within its Palearctic range. Taxonomy The ...

, ''Mareca penelope'' (C) * American wigeon, ''Mareca americana'' * Eastern spot-billed duck, ''Anas zonorhyncha'' (A) *

Mallard The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Argen ...

, ''Anas platyrhynchos'' * Mexican duck, ''Anas diazi'' *

American black duck The American black duck (''Anas rubripes'') is a large dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. It was described by William Brewster in 1902. It is the heaviest species in the genus ''Anas'', weighing on average and measuring in length with an ...

, ''Anas rubripes'' * Mottled duck, ''Anas fulvigula'' * White-cheeked pintail, ''Anas bahamensis'' *

Northern pintail The pintail or northern pintail (''Anas acuta'') is a duck species with wide geographic distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and North America. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding r ...

, ''Anas acuta'' *

Green-winged teal The green-winged teal (''Anas carolinensis'') is a common and widespread duck that breeds in the northern areas of North America except on the Aleutian Islands. It was considered conspecific with the Eurasian teal (''A. crecca'') for some time, b ...

, ''Anas crecca'' *

Canvasback The canvasback (''Aythya valisineria'') is a species of diving duck, the largest found in North America. Taxonomy Scottish-American naturalist Alexander Wilson described the canvasback in 1814. The genus name is derived from Greek ''aithuia'', ...

, ''Aythya valisineria'' *

Redhead Red hair (also known as orange hair and ginger hair) is a hair color found in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and ...

, ''Aythya americana'' *

Common pochard The common pochard (; ''Aythya ferina'') is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin ''ferina'', "wild game", f ...

, ''Aythya ferina'' (A) * Ring-necked duck, ''Aythya collaris'' *

Tufted duck The tufted duck or tufted pochard (''Aythya fuligula'') is a small diving duck with a population of close to one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird men ...

, ''Aythya fuligula'' *

Greater scaup The greater scaup (''Aythya marila''), just scaup in Europe or, colloquially, "bluebill" in North America, is a mid-sized diving duck, larger than the closely related lesser scaup. It spends the summer months breeding in Alaska, northern Canada ...

, ''Aythya marila'' *

Lesser scaup The lesser scaup (''Aythya affinis'') is a small North American diving duck that migrates south as far as Central America in winter. It is colloquially known as the little bluebill or broadbill because of its distinctive blue bill. The origin of ...

, ''Aythya affinis'' *

Steller's eider Steller's eider (''Polysticta stelleri'') is a migrating Arctic diving duck that breeds along the coastlines of eastern Russia and Alaska. It is the rarest, smallest, and fastest flying of the eider species. Amongst the Inupiat, Steller's eider is ...

, ''Polysticta stelleri'' *

Spectacled eider The spectacled eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria fischeri'') is a large sea duck that breeds on the coasts of Alaska and northeastern Siberia. The spectacled eider is slightly smaller than the common eider at 52–57 cm (20–22 inches) in l ...

, ''Somateria fischeri'' *

King eider The king eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria spectabilis'') is a large sea duck that breeds along Northern Hemisphere Arctic coasts of northeast Europe, North America and Asia. The birds spend most of the year in coastal marine ecosystems at high l ...

, ''Somateria spectabilis'' *

Common eider The common eider (pronounced ) (''Somateria mollissima''), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large ( in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It bree ...

, ''Somateria mollissima'' *

Harlequin duck The harlequin duck (''Histrionicus histrionicus'') is a small sea duck. It takes its name from Harlequin (French ''Arlequin'', Italian ''Arlecchino''), a colourfully dressed character in Commedia dell'arte. The species name comes from the Latin ...

, ''Histrionicus histrionicus'' *

Labrador duck The Labrador duck (''Camptorhynchus labradorius'') was a North American bird; it has the distinction of being the first known endemic North American bird species to become extinct after the Columbian Exchange, with the last known sighting occurri ...

, ''Camptorhynchus labradorius'' (E) *

Surf scoter The surf scoter (''Melanitta perspicillata'') is a large sea duck native to North America. Adult males are almost entirely black with characteristic white patches on the forehead and the nape and adult females are slightly smaller and browner. Su ...

, ''Melanitta perspicillata'' *

Velvet scoter The velvet scoter (''Melanitta fusca''), also called a velvet duck,Buczacki, Stefan (2005) ''Fauna Britannica'', Hamlyn, London. is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic west of the Yenisey basin. The gen ...

, ''Melanitta fusca'' (A) *

White-winged scoter The white-winged scoter (''Melanitta deglandi'') is a large sea duck. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". The species name commemorates French ornithologist Côme Damien Degland. Description The ...

, ''Melanitta deglandi'' * Stejneger's scoter, ''Melanitta stejnegeri'' *

Common scoter The common scoter (''Melanitta nigra'') is a large sea duck, in length, which breeds over the far north of Europe and the Palearctic east to the Olenyok River. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'', "black", and ''netta'', "d ...

, ''Melanitta nigra'' (A) *

Black scoter The black scoter or American scoter (''Melanitta americana'') is a large sea duck, in length. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''melas'' "black" and ''netta'' "duck". The species name is from the Latin for "American ". Together wi ...

, ''Melanitta americana'' *

Long-tailed duck The long-tailed duck (''Clangula hyemalis''), formerly known as oldsquaw, is a medium-sized sea duck that breeds in the tundra and taiga regions of the arctic and winters along the northern coastlines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is t ...

, ''Clangula hyemalis'' *

Bufflehead The bufflehead (''Bucephala albeola'') is a small sea duck of the genus ''Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' as ''Anas albeola''. The genus n ...

, ''Bucephala albeola'' *

Common goldeneye The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye (''Bucephala clangula'') is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus ''Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek ...

, ''Bucephala clangula'' * Barrow's goldeneye, ''Bucephala islandica'' *

Smew The smew (''Mergellus albellus'') is a species of duck, and is the only living member of the genus ''Mergellus''. ''Mergellus'' is a diminutive of '' Mergus'' and ''albellus'' is from Latin ''albus'' "white". This genus is closely related to ...

, ''Mergellus albellus'' (A) *

Hooded merganser The hooded merganser (''Lophodytes cucullatus'') is a species of merganser. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Lophodytes''. The genus name derives from the Greek language: ''lophos'' meaning 'crest', and ''dutes'' meaning 'diver'. The ...

, ''Lophodytes cucullatus'' *

Common merganser The common merganser (North American) or goosander (Eurasian) (''Mergus merganser'') is a large seaduck of rivers and lakes in forested areas of Europe, Asia, and North America. The common merganser eats mainly fish. It nests in holes in trees. ...

, ''Mergus merganser'' *

Red-breasted merganser The red-breasted merganser (''Mergus serrator'') is a diving duck, one of the sawbills. The genus name is a Latin word used by Pliny and other Roman authors to refer to an unspecified waterbird, and ''serrator'' is a sawyer from Latin ''serra ...

, ''Mergus serrator'' *

Masked duck The masked duck (''Nomonyx dominicus'') is a tiny stiff-tailed duck ranging through the tropical Americas. They are found from Mexico to South America and also in the Caribbean. Primarily not migratory, masked ducks are reported as very uncommo ...

, ''Nomonyx dominicus'' * Ruddy duck, ''Oxyura jamaicensis''

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are often ...

Family:

Cracidae The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. The range of one species, the plain chachalaca, just reaches southernmost parts of Texas in the Unit ...

The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments. * Plain chachalaca, ''Ortalis vetula'' * Gray-headed chachalaca, ''Ortalis cinereiceps'' *

Rufous-vented chachalaca The rufous-vented chachalaca (''Ortalis ruficauda'') is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which are related to the Australasian mound builders. It inhabits northeast Colombia and northern Venezuela where it is called ...

, ''Ortalis ruficauda'' * Rufous-bellied chachalaca, ''Ortalis wagleri'' * West Mexican chachalaca, ''Ortalis poliocephala'' * White-bellied chachalaca, ''Ortalis leucogastra'' * Baudo guan, ''Penelope ortoni'' (A) *

Crested guan The crested guan (''Penelope purpurascens'') is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which are related to the Australasian megapodes or mound builders (Megapodiidae). It is found in the Neotropics, in lowlands forests ra ...

, ''Penelope purpurascens'' * Black guan, ''Chamaepetes unicolor'' * Highland guan, ''Penelopina nigra'' *

Horned guan The horned guan (''Oreophasis derbianus'') is a large, turkey-like bird native to Central America. It is the only species in the genus ''Oreophasis''. Taxonomy The holotype specimen of "''Oreophasis Derbianus'' " G.R. GrayGen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. ...

, ''Oreophasis derbianus'' *

Great curassow The great curassow (''Crax rubra'') is a large, pheasant-like bird from the Neotropical rainforests, its range extending from eastern Mexico, through Central America to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. Male birds are black with curly cr ...

, ''Crax rubra''

Guineafowl

Order:

Family:

Numididae Guineafowl (; sometimes called "pet speckled hens" or "original fowl") are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds. Phylogenetically, they branched ...

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage. * Helmeted guineafowl, ''Numida meleagris'' (I)

New World quail

Order:

Family:

Odontophoridae The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant ...

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. * Tawny-faced quail, ''Rhynchortyx cinctus'' * Mountain quail, ''Oreortyx pictus'' * Buffy-crowned wood-partridge, ''Dendrortyx leucophrys'' * Long-tailed wood-partridge, ''Dendrortyx macroura'' * Bearded wood-partridge, ''Dendrortyx barbatus'' * Banded quail, ''Philortyx fasciatus'' * Northern bobwhite, ''Colinus virginianus'' (Masked bobwhite ''C. v. ridgwayi '': ) * Black-throated bobwhite, ''Colinus nigrogularis'' * Crested bobwhite, ''Colinus cristatus'' * Scaled quail, ''Callipepla squamata'' * Elegant quail, ''Callipepla douglasii'' * California quail, ''Callipepla californica'' * Gambel's quail, ''Callipepla gambelii'' *

Montezuma quail The Montezuma quail (''Cyrtonyx montezumae'') is a stubby, secretive New World quail of Mexico and some nearby parts of the United States. It is also known as Mearns's quail, the harlequin quail (for the male's striking pattern), and the fool qu ...

, ''Cyrtonyx montezumae'' (Merriam's Montezuma quail ''C. m. merriami'': ) * Ocellated quail, ''Cyrtonyx ocellatus'' * Singing quail, ''Dactylortyx thoracicus'' * Marbled wood-quail, ''Odontophorus gujanensis'' * Black-eared wood-quail, ''Odontophorus melanotis'' * Tacarcuna wood-quail, ''Odontophorus dialeucos'' * Black-breasted wood-quail, ''Odontophorus leucolaemus'' * Spotted wood-quail, ''Odontophorus guttatus''

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:

Family:

Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular gamebirds. The family is a large one and i ...

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. *

Wild turkey The wild turkey (''Meleagris gallopavo'') is an upland ground bird native to North America, one of two extant species of turkey and the heaviest member of the order Galliformes. It is the ancestor to the domestic turkey, which was originally d ...

, ''Meleagris gallopavo'' *

Ocellated turkey The ocellated turkey (''Meleagris ocellata'') is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, as well as in parts of Belize and Guatemala. A relative of the North American wild turkey (''Meleagris gallopavo''), it was ...

, ''Meleagris ocellata'' *

Ruffed grouse The ruffed grouse (''Bonasa umbellus'') is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada to Alaska. It is the most widely distributed game bird in North America. It is non-migratory. It is the only speci ...

, ''Bonasa umbellus'' *

Spruce grouse The spruce grouse (''Canachites canadensis''), also known as Canada grouse, spruce hen or fool hen, is a medium-sized grouse closely associated with the coniferous boreal forests or taiga of North America. It is the only member of the genus ''C ...

, ''Canachites canadensis'' *

Willow ptarmigan The willow ptarmigan () (''Lagopus lagopus'') is a bird in the grouse subfamily Tetraoninae of the pheasant family Phasianidae. It is also known as the willow grouse and in Ireland and Britain, where the subspecies '' L. l. scotica'' was previo ...

, ''Lagopus lagopus'' *

Rock ptarmigan The rock ptarmigan (''Lagopus muta'') is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in the UK. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the ''aqiggiq'' (ᐊᕿ� ...

, ''Lagopus muta'' *

White-tailed ptarmigan The white-tailed ptarmigan (''Lagopus leucura''), also known as the snow quail, is the smallest bird in the grouse family. It is a permanent resident of high altitudes on or above the tree line and is native to Alaska and the mountainous parts ...

, ''Lagopus leucura'' *

Greater sage-grouse The greater sage-grouse (''Centrocercus urophasianus''), also known as the sagehen, is the largest grouse (a type of bird) in North America. Its range is sagebrush country in the western United States and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canad ...

, ''Centrocercus urophasianus'' * Gunnison sage-grouse, ''Centrocercus minimus'' *

Dusky grouse The dusky grouse (''Dendragapus obscurus'') is a species of forest-dwelling grouse native to the Rocky Mountains in North America.del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401-402. Lynx Edic ...

, ''Dendragapus obscurus'' *

Sooty grouse The sooty grouse (''Dendragapus fuliginosus'') is a species of forest-dwelling grouse native to North America's Pacific Coast Ranges.del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., eds. (1994). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' 2: 401-402. Lynx E ...

, ''Dendragapus fuliginosus'' *

Sharp-tailed grouse The sharp-tailed grouse (''Tympanuchus phasianellus''), also known as the sharptail or fire grouse, is a medium-sized prairie grouse. One of three species in the genus ''Tympanuchus'', the sharp-tailed grouse is found throughout Alaska, much of ...

, ''Tympanuchus phasianellus'' * Greater prairie-chicken, ''Tympanuchus cupido'' ( Attwater's prairie-chicken ''T. c. attwateri'': ) * Lesser prairie-chicken, ''Tympanuchus pallidicinctus'' *

Red junglefowl The red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus'') is a tropical bird in the family Phasianidae. It ranges across much of Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. It was formerly known as the Bankiva or Bankiva Fowl. It is the species that gave rise to the ...

, ''Gallus gallus'' (I) * Gray partridge, ''Perdix perdix'' (I) *

Ring-necked pheasant The common pheasant (''Phasianus colchicus'') is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae). The genus name comes from Latin ''phasianus'', "pheasant". The species name ''colchicus'' is Latin for "of Colchis" (modern day Georgia), a country ...

, ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I) *

Indian peafowl The Indian peafowl (''Pavo cristatus''), also known as the common peafowl, and blue peafowl, is a peafowl species native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been introduced to many other countries. Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, an ...

, ''Pavo cristatus'' (I) * Himalayan snowcock, ''Tetraogallus himalayensis'' (I) * Chukar, ''Alectoris chukar'' (I)

Flamingos

Order:

Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteriformes is a group of water birds which comprises flamingos and their extinct relatives. Flamingos (Phoenicopteriformes) and the closely related grebes ( Podicipedidae) are contained in the parent clade Mirandornithes. Fossil rec ...

Family:

Phoenicopteridae Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbean ...

Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. * American flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus ruber''

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae Grebes are small to medium-sized diving birds. They breed on fresh water, but often visit the sea when migrating and in winter. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers; however, their feet are placed far back on their bodies, making them quite ungainly on land. *

Least grebe The least grebe (''Tachybaptus dominicus''), an aquatic bird, is the smallest member of the grebe family. It occurs in the New World from the southwestern United States and Mexico to Argentina, and also on Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and the ...

, ''Tachybaptus dominicus'' *

Pied-billed grebe The pied-billed grebe (''Podilymbus podiceps'') is a species of the grebe family of water birds. Because the Atitlán grebe (''Podilymbus gigas'') has become extinct, the Pied-Billed Grebe is now the sole extant member of the genus '' Podilymbus ...

, ''Podilymbus podiceps'' * Atitlan grebe, ''Podilymbus gigas'' (E) *

Horned grebe The horned grebe or Slavonian grebe (''Podiceps auritus'') is a relatively small waterbird in the family Podicipedidae. There are two known subspecies: ''P. a. auritus'', which breeds in the Palearctic, and ''P. a. cornutus'', which breeds in ...

, ''Podiceps auritus'' *

Red-necked grebe The red-necked grebe (''Podiceps grisegena'') is a migratory aquatic bird found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Its wintering habitat is largely restricted to calm waters just beyond the waves around ocean coasts, although ...

, ''Podiceps grisegena'' * Eared grebe, ''Podiceps nigricollis'' *

Western grebe The western grebe (''Aechmophorus occidentalis'') is a species in the grebe family of water birds. Folk names include "dabchick", "swan grebe" and "swan-necked grebe". Western grebe fossils from the Late Pleistocene of southwest North America we ...

, ''Aechmophorus occidentalis'' * Clark's grebe, ''Aechmophorus clarkii''

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. *

Rock pigeon The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia dom ...

, ''Columba livia'' (I) *

Common wood pigeon The common wood pigeon or common woodpigeon (''Columba palumbus''), also known as simply wood pigeon, wood-pigeon or woodpigeon, is a large species in the dove and pigeon family (Columbidae), native to the western Palearctic. It belongs to the g ...

, ''Columba palumbus'' (A) * Pale-vented pigeon, ''Patagioenas cayennensis'' * Scaled pigeon, ''Patagioenas speciosa'' * Scaly-naped pigeon, ''Patagioenas squamosa'' * White-crowned pigeon, ''Patagioenas leucocephala'' * Red-billed pigeon, ''Patagioenas flavirostris'' * Plain pigeon, ''Patagioenas inornata'' * Band-tailed pigeon, ''Patagioenas fasciata'' * Ring-tailed pigeon, ''Patagioenas caribaea'' * Plumbeous pigeon, ''Patagioenas plumbea'' * Ruddy pigeon, ''Patagioenas subvinacea'' * Short-billed pigeon, ''Patagioenas nigrirostris'' * Dusky pigeon, ''Patagioenas goodsoni'' * Oriental turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (A) * African collared-dove, ''Streptopelia roseogrisea'' (I) * European turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia turtur'' (A) * Eurasian collared-dove, ''Streptopelia decaocto'' (I) * Spotted dove, ''Streptopelia chinensis'' (I) *

Passenger pigeon The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon (''Ectopistes migratorius'') is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America. Its common name is derived from the French word ''passager'', meaning "passing by", due to the migratory habi ...

, ''Ectopistes migratorius'' (E) * Inca dove, ''Columbina inca'' * Common ground dove, ''Columbina passerina'' * Plain-breasted ground dove, ''Columbina minuta'' * Ruddy ground dove, ''Columbina talpacoti'' * Blue ground dove, ''Claravis pretiosa'' * Maroon-chested ground dove, ''Claravis mondetoura'' * Blue-headed quail-dove, ''Starnoenas cyanocephala'' * Crested quail-dove, ''Geotrygon versicolor'' *

Ruddy quail-dove The ruddy quail-dove (''Geotrygon montana'') is a species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It breeds throughout the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America. It has appeared as a vagrant in Florida and southern T ...

, ''Geotrygon montana'' * Violaceous quail-dove, ''Geotrygon violacea'' * Gray-fronted quail-dove, ''Geotrygon caniceps'' * White-fronted quail-dove, ''Geotrygon leucometopia'' * Key West quail-dove, ''Geotrygon chrysia'' * Bridled quail-dove, ''Geotrygon mystacea'' * Olive-backed quail-dove, ''Leptotrygon veraguensis'' * White-tipped dove, ''Leptotila verreauxi'' * Caribbean dove, ''Leptotila jamaicensis'' * Gray-chested dove, ''Leptotila cassinii'' * Gray-headed dove, ''Leptotila plumbeiceps'' * Grenada dove, ''Leptotila wellsi'' * Tuxtla quail-dove, ''Zentrygon carrikeri'' *

Buff-fronted quail-dove The buff-fronted quail-dove, or Costa Rican quail-dove (''Zentrygon costaricensis''), is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.Schulenberg, T. S. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Buff-fronted Quail-Dove (''Ze ...

, ''Zentrygon costaricensis'' * Purplish-backed quail-dove, ''Zentrygon lawrencii'' * White-faced quail-dove, ''Zentrygon albifacies'' * Chiriqui quail-dove, ''Zentrygon chiriquensis'' * Russet-crowned quail-dove, ''Zentrygon goldmani'' *

White-winged dove The white-winged dove (''Zenaida asiatica'') is a dove whose native range extends from the Southwestern United States through Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. They are large for doves, and can be distinguished from similar doves by the ...

, ''Zenaida asiatica'' * Zenaida dove, ''Zenaida aurita'' *

Eared dove The eared dove (''Zenaida auriculata'') is a New World dove. It is a resident breeder throughout South America from Colombia to southern Argentina and Chile, and on the offshore islands from the Grenadines southwards. It may be a relatively rece ...

, ''Zenaida auriculata'' *

Mourning dove The mourning dove (''Zenaida macroura'') is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove, the rain dove, and colloquially as the turtle dove, and was once known as the Carolina pigeon and Carol ...

, ''Zenaida macroura'' * Socorro dove, ''Zenaida graysoni''

Sandgrouse

Order:

Pterocliformes Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as ''Syrrhaptes'' and the other ...

Family: Pteroclidae Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. * Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, ''Pterocles exustus'' (I)

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. * Greater ani, ''Crotophaga major'' *

Smooth-billed ani The smooth-billed ani (''Crotophaga ani'') is a bird in the cuckoo family. It is a resident breeding species from southern Florida, the Caribbean, parts of Central America, south to western Ecuador, Brazil, northern Argentina and southern Chile. ...

, ''Crotophaga ani'' * Groove-billed ani, ''Crotophaga sulcirostris'' * Striped cuckoo, ''Tapera naevia'' * Pheasant cuckoo, ''Dromococcyx phasianellus'' * Lesser ground-cuckoo, ''Morococcyx erythropygus'' *

Lesser roadrunner The lesser roadrunner (''Geococcyx velox'') is a large, long-legged member of the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from Mesoamerica. The Latin name means "swift earth-cuckoo". Along with the greater roadrunner, it is one of two species in the genus ''Ge ...

, ''Geococcyx velox'' *

Greater roadrunner The greater roadrunner (''Geococcyx californianus'') is a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from the Aridoamerica region in the Southwestern United States and Mexico. The scientific name means "Californian earth-cuckoo". Along wit ...

, ''Geococcyx californianus'' * Rufous-vented ground-cuckoo, ''Neomorphus geoffroyi'' (ssp. ''dulcis'': ) *

Common cuckoo The common cuckoo (''Cuculus canorus'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. It ...

, ''Cuculus canorus'' (A) *

Oriental cuckoo The Oriental cuckoo or Horsfields cuckoo (''Cuculus optatus'') is a bird belonging to the genus ''Cuculus'' in the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of the Himalayan cuckoo (''C. saturatus''), with the name 'Ori ...

, ''Cuculus optatus'' (A) * Little cuckoo, ''Coccycua minuta'' * Dwarf cuckoo, ''Coccycua pumila'' (A) * Squirrel cuckoo, ''Piaya cayana'' * Dark-billed cuckoo, ''Coccyzus melacoryphus'' *

Yellow-billed cuckoo The yellow-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus americanus'') is a cuckoo. Common folk-names for this bird in the southern United States are rain crow and storm crow. These likely refer to the bird's habit of calling on hot days, often presaging rain or t ...

, ''Coccyzus americanus'' * Pearly-breasted cuckoo, ''Coccyzus euleri'' (A) *

Mangrove cuckoo The mangrove cuckoo (''Coccyzus minor'') is a species of cuckoo that is native to the Neotropics. Taxonomy The mangrove cuckoo was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition ...

, ''Coccyzus minor'' * Cocos cuckoo, ''Coccyzus ferrugineus'' *

Black-billed cuckoo The black-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'') is a New World species in the Cuculidae ( cuckoo) family. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus name, ''kokkuzo'', means to call like a common cuckoo, and ''erythropthalmus'' ...

, ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'' * Gray-capped cuckoo, ''Coccyzus lansbergi'' * Chestnut-bellied cuckoo, ''Coccyzus pluvialis'' * Bay-breasted cuckoo, ''Coccyzus rufigularis'' * Jamaican lizard-cuckoo, ''Coccyzus vetula'' *

Puerto Rican lizard-cuckoo The Puerto Rican lizard cuckoo (''Coccyzus vieilloti'') is a species of bird in the tribe Phaenicophaeini, subfamily Cuculinae of the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Puerto Rico.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the B ...

, ''Coccyzus vieilloti'' * Great lizard-cuckoo, ''Coccyzus merlini'' * Hispaniolan lizard-cuckoo, ''Coccyzus longirostris''

Nightjars and allies

Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk ta ...

Family: Caprimulgidae Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves. * Short-tailed nighthawk, ''Lurocalis semitorquatus'' * Lesser nighthawk, ''Chordeiles acutipennis'' *

Common nighthawk The common nighthawk (''Chordeiles minor'') is a medium-sized crepuscular or nocturnal bird of the Americas within the nightjar family, whose presence and identity are best revealed by its vocalization. Typically dark (gray, black and brown), d ...

, ''Chordeiles minor'' *

Antillean nighthawk The Antillean nighthawk (''Chordeiles gundlachii'') is a nightjar native to the Caribbean and Florida Keys. Its specific epithet, ''gundlachii'', is in honor of Cuban naturalist Juan Gundlach. Description The adults are dark with brown, grey ...

, ''Chordeiles gundlachii'' * Common pauraque, ''Nyctidromus albicollis'' *

Common poorwill The common poorwill (''Phalaenoptilus nuttallii'') is a nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae, the nightjars. It is found from British Columbia and southeastern Alberta, through the western United States to northern Mexico. The bird's habi ...

, ''Phalaenoptilus nuttallii'' *

Jamaican pauraque The Jamaican poorwill (''Siphonorhis americana''), also known as the Jamaican pauraque or Jamaican least pauraque, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is (or was) endemic to Jamaica and has not been recorded since 1860.Dree ...

, ''Siphonorhis americana'' (E?) *

Least pauraque The least poorwill or least pauraque (''Siphonorhis brewsteri'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae, and the only confirmed extant species of its genus. It is endemic to the island of Hispaniola, which is shared by the Domin ...

, ''Siphonorhis brewsteri'' * Eared poorwill, ''Nyctiphrynus mcleodii'' * Yucatan poorwill, ''Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus'' * Ocellated poorwill, ''Nyctiphrynus ocellatus'' * Chuck-will's-widow, ''Antrostomus carolinensis'' * Rufous nightjar, ''Antrostomus rufus'' * Cuban nightjar, ''Antrostomus cubanensis'' * Hispaniolan nightjar, ''Antrostomus ekmani'' * Tawny-collared nightjar, ''Antrostomus salvini'' * Yucatan nightjar, ''Antrostomus badius'' * Buff-collared nightjar, ''Antrostomus ridgwayi'' * Eastern whip-poor-will, ''Antrostomus vociferus'' * Dusky nightjar, ''Antrostomus saturatus'' * Mexican whip-poor-will, ''Antrostomus arizonae'' * Puerto Rican nightjar, ''Antrostomus noctitherus'' * White-tailed nightjar, ''Hydropsalis cayennensis'' * Spot-tailed nightjar, ''Hydropsalis maculicaudus'' * Gray nightjar, ''Caprimulgus jotaka'' (A)

Oilbird

Order: SteatornithiformesFamily:

Steatornithidae The oilbird (''Steatornis caripensis''), locally known as the , is a bird species found in the northern areas of South America including the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is the only species in the genus ''Steatornis'', the family Steatornith ...

The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the

oil palm ''Elaeis'' () is a genus of palms containing two species, called oil palms. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The African oil palm ''Elaeis guineensis'' (the species name ''guineensis'' referring to its cou ...

. * Oilbird, ''Steatornis caripensis''

Potoos

Order: NyctibiiformesFamily: Nyctibiidae The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large

near passerine Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to mor ...

birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars. * Great potoo, ''Nyctibius grandis'' * Common potoo, ''Nyctibius griseus'' * Northern potoo, ''Nyctibius jamaicensis''

Swifts

White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) in flight

Order:

Apodiformes Traditionally, the bird order Apodiformes contained three living families: the swifts (Apodidae), the treeswifts (Hemiprocnidae), and the hummingbirds (Trochilidae). In the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, this order is raised to a superorder Apodi ...

Family:

Apodidae The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely ...

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *

Black swift The American black swift, or more simply black swift (''Cypseloides niger''), is a species of bird that is found from northern British Columbia in Canada through the United States and Mexico to Costa Rica and Brazil. They are also found in the Ca ...

, ''Cypseloides niger'' * White-fronted swift, ''Cypseloides storeri'' * White-chinned swift, ''Cypseloides cryptus'' * Spot-fronted swift, ''Cypseloides cherriei'' * Chestnut-collared swift, ''Streptoprocne rutila'' * White-collared swift, ''Streptoprocne zonaris'' * White-naped swift, ''Streptoprocne semicollaris'' * Chimney swift, ''Chaetura pelagica'' * Vaux's swift, ''Chaetura vauxi'' * Chapman's swift, ''Chaetura chapmani'' (A) * Short-tailed swift, ''Chaetura brachyura'' * Sick's swift, ''Chaetura meridionalis'' (A) } * Band-rumped swift, ''Chaetura spinicaudus'' * Costa Rican swift, ''Chaetura fumosa'' * Gray-rumped swift, ''Chaetura cinereiventris'' * Lesser Antillean swift, ''Chaetura martinica'' * White-throated needletail ''Hirundapus caudacutus'' (A) *

Common swift The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between ...

, ''Apus apus'' (A) * Fork-tailed swift, ''Apus pacificus'' (A) * Alpine swift, ''Apus melba'' (A) *

White-throated swift The white-throated swift (''Aeronautes saxatalis'') is a swift of the family Apodidae native to western North America, south to cordilleran western Honduras.Ryan TP, Collins CT. 2000. White-throated Swift (''Aeronautes saxatalis''). Version 2.0. ...

, ''Aeronautes saxatalis'' * Lesser swallow-tailed swift, ''Panyptila cayennensis'' * Great swallow-tailed swift, ''Panyptila sanctihieronymi'' * Antillean palm-swift, ''Tachornis phoenicobia''

Hummingbirds

Order:

Family: Trochilidae Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. * White-necked jacobin, ''Florisuga mellivora'' * White-tipped sicklebill, ''Eutoxeres aquila'' * Bronzy hermit, ''Glaucis aeneus'' * Rufous-breasted hermit, ''Glaucis hirsutus'' * Band-tailed barbthroat, ''Threnetes ruckeri'' * Green hermit, ''Phaethornis guy'' * Mexican hermit, ''Phaethornis mexicanus'' * Long-billed hermit, ''Phaethornis longirostris'' * Pale-bellied hermit, ''Phaethornis anthophilus'' * Stripe-throated hermit, ''Phaethornis striigularis'' * Green-fronted lancebill, ''Doryfera ludovicae'' * Brown violetear, ''Colibri delphinae'' * Mexican violetear, ''Colibri thalassinus'' * Lesser violetear, ''Colibri cyanotus'' * Tooth-billed hummingbird, ''Androdon aequatorialis'' * Purple-crowned fairy, ''Heliothryx barroti'' * Ruby-topaz hummingbird, ''Chrysolampis mosquitus '' * Green-breasted mango, ''Anthracothorax prevostii'' * Black-throated mango, ''Anthracothorax nigricollis'' * Veraguan mango, ''Anthracothorax veraguensis'' * Hispaniolan mango, ''Anthracothorax dominicus'' * Puerto Rican mango, ''Anthracothorax aurulentus'' * Green mango, ''Anthracothorax viridis'' * Jamaican mango, ''Anthracothorax mango'' *

Purple-throated carib The purple-throated carib (''Eulampis jugularis'') is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae. It is resident on most of the islands of the Lesser Antilles and has occurred as a vagrant both further north and south.HBW and BirdLife ...

, ''Eulampis jugularis'' * Green-throated carib, ''Eulampis holosericeus'' * Green thorntail, ''Discosura conversii'' * Short-crested coquette, ''Lophornis brachylophus'' * Rufous-crested coquette, ''Lophornis delattrei'' * Black-crested coquette, ''Lophornis helenae'' * White-crested coquette, ''Lophornis adorabilis'' * Greenish puffleg, ''Haplophaedia aureliae'' * Green-crowned brilliant, ''Heliodoxa jacula'' * Rivoli's hummingbird, ''Eugenes fulgens'' * Talamanca hummingbird, ''Eugenes spectabilis'' *

Fiery-throated hummingbird The fiery-throated hummingbird (''Panterpe insignis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems" tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the B ...

, ''Panterpe insignis'' * Long-billed starthroat, ''Heliomaster longirostris'' * Plain-capped starthroat, ''Heliomaster constantii'' * Green-throated mountain-gem, ''Lampornis viridipallens'' * Green-breasted mountain-gem, ''Lampornis sybillae'' * Amethyst-throated hummingbird, ''Lampornis amethystinus'' * Blue-throated hummingbird, ''Lampornis clemenciae'' * White-bellied mountain-gem, ''Lampornis hemileucus'' * Purple-throated mountain-gem, ''Lampornis calolaemus'' *

White-throated mountain-gem The white-throated mountaingem or white-throated mountain-gem (''Lampornis castaneoventris'') is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook ...

, ''Lampornis castaneoventris'' * Garnet-throated hummingbird, ''Lamprolaima rhami'' * Magenta-throated woodstar, ''Philodice bryantae'' * Purple-throated woodstar, ''Philodice mitchellii'' * Slender sheartail, ''Doricha enicura'' * Mexican sheartail, ''Doricha eliza'' * Sparkling-tailed hummingbird, ''Tilmatura dupontii'' *

Lucifer hummingbird The lucifer sheartail or lucifer hummingbird (''Calothorax lucifer'') is a medium-sized, 10 cm long, green hummingbird with a slightly curved bill and distinctive outward flare of its gorget feathers. Its habitat is in high-altitude areas o ...

, ''Calothorax lucifer'' * Beautiful hummingbird, ''Calothorax pulcher'' * Ruby-throated hummingbird, ''Archilochus colubris'' *

Black-chinned hummingbird The black-chinned hummingbird (''Archilochus alexandri'') is a small hummingbird occupying a broad range of habitats. It is migratory, spending winter as far south as Mexico. Taxonomy A hybrid between this species and Anna's hummingbird was ca ...

, ''Archilochus alexandri'' * Vervain hummingbird, ''Mellisuga minima'' *

Bee hummingbird The bee hummingbird, zunzuncito or Helena hummingbird (''Mellisuga helenae'') is a species of hummingbird, native to the island of Cuba in the Caribbean. It is the world's smallest bird. Description The bee hummingbird is the smallest living ...

, ''Mellisuga helenae'' * Bahama woodstar, ''Nesophlox evelynae'' * Inagua woodstar, ''Nesophlox lyrura'' *

Anna's hummingbird Anna's hummingbird (''Calypte anna'') is a medium-sized bird species of the family Trochilidae. It was named after Anna Masséna, Duchess of Rivoli. It is native to western coastal regions of North America. In the early 20th century, Anna's hu ...

, ''Calypte anna'' *

Costa's hummingbird Costa's hummingbird (''Calypte costae'') is a bird species in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It breeds in the arid region of the southwest United States and northwest Mexico; it winters in western Mexico. Taxonomy Costa's hummingbird was ...

, ''Calypte costae'' * Calliope hummingbird, ''Selasphorus calliope'' * Rufous hummingbird, ''Selasphorus rufus'' *

Allen's hummingbird Allen's hummingbird (''Selasphorus sasin'') is a species of hummingbird that breeds in the western United States. It is one of seven species in the genus ''Selasphorus''. Description Allen's hummingbird is a small bird, with mature adults reac ...

, ''Selasphorus sasin'' * Broad-tailed hummingbird, ''Selasphorus platycercus'' * Bumblebee hummingbird, ''Selasphorus heloisa'' * Wine-throated hummingbird, ''Selasphorus ellioti'' * Volcano hummingbird, ''Selasphorus flammula'' * Scintillant hummingbird, ''Selasphorus scintilla'' * Glow-throated hummingbird, ''Selasphorus ardens'' * Dusky hummingbird, ''Phaeoptila sordida'' * Cuban emerald, ''Riccordia ricordii'' * Brace's emerald, ''Riccordia bracei'' (E) * Hispaniolan emerald, ''Riccordia swainsonii'' * Puerto Rican emerald, ''Riccordia maugaeus'' * Blue-headed hummingbird, ''Riccordia bicolor'' * Broad-billed hummingbird, ''Cynanthus latirostris'' * Tres Marias hummingbird, ''Cynanthus lawrencei '' * Turquoise-crowned hummingbird, ''Cynanthus doubledayi'' * Golden-crowned emerald, ''Cynanthus auriceps'' *

Cozumel emerald The Cozumel emerald (''Cynanthus forficatus'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the Mexican island of Cozumel off the Yucatán Peninsula. Taxonomy and systematics The ...

, ''Cynanthus forficatus'' * Canivet's emerald, ''Cynanthus canivetii'' * Garden emerald, ''Chlorostilbon assimilis'' * White-eared hummingbird, ''Basilinna leucotis'' * Xantus's hummingbird, ''Basilinna xantusii'' * Wedge-tailed sabrewing, ''Pampa curvipennis'' * Long-tailed sabrewing, ''Pampa excellens'' * Rufous sabrewing, ''Pampa rufa'' * Emerald-chinned hummingbird, ''Abeillia abeillei'' * Violet-headed hummingbird, ''Klais guimeti'' * Antillean crested hummingbird, ''Orthorhyncus cristatus'' * Violet sabrewing, ''Campylopterus hemileucurus'' * Bronze-tailed plumeleteer, ''Chalybura urochrysia'' * White-vented plumeleteer, ''Chalybura buffonii'' * Crowned woodnymph, ''Thalurania colombica'' * Snowcap, ''Microchera albocoronata'' * Coppery-headed emerald, ''Microchera cupreiceps'' * White-tailed emerald, ''Microchera chionura'' * Violet-capped hummingbird, ''Goldmania violiceps'' * Pirre hummingbird, ''Goldmania bella'' * Mexican woodnymph, ''Eupherusa ridgwayi'' * White-tailed hummingbird, ''Eupherusa poliocerca'' * Blue-capped hummingbird, ''Eupherusa cyanophrys'' * Stripe-tailed hummingbird, ''Eupherusa eximia'' * Black-bellied hummingbird, ''Eupherusa nigriventris'' * Scaly-breasted hummingbird, ''Phaeochroa cuvierii'' * Red-billed streamertail, ''Trochilus polytmus'' * Black-billed streamertail, ''Trochilus scitulus'' * Violet-crowned hummingbird, ''Ramosomyia violiceps'' * Green-fronted hummingbird, ''Ramosomyia viridifrons'' * Azure-crowned hummingbird, ''Saucerottia cyanocephala'' * Blue-vented hummingbird, ''Saucerottia hoffmanni '' * Berylline hummingbird, ''Saucerottia beryllina'' * Blue-tailed hummingbird, ''Saucerottia cyanura'' * Snowy-bellied hummingbird, ''Saucerottia edward'' * Cinnamon hummingbird, ''Amazilia rutila'' * Buff-bellied hummingbird, ''Amazilia yucatanensis'' * Rufous-tailed hummingbird, ''Amazilia tzacatl'' * Honduran emerald, ''Amazilia luciae'' * Mangrove hummingbird, ''Amazilia boucardi'' * Amazilia hummingbird, ''Amazilis amazilia'' (A) * Sapphire-throated hummingbird, ''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis'' * Humboldt's sapphire, ''Chrysuronia humboldtii'' * Blue-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata amabilis'' * Charming hummingbird, ''Polyerata decora'' * White-bellied emerald, ''Chlorestes candida'' * Blue-throated goldentail, ''Chlorestes eliciae'' * Violet-bellied hummingbird, ''Chlorestes julie''

Rails, gallinules and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that did ...

Family:

Rallidae The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, altho ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. * Colombian crake, ''Neocrex colombiana'' * Paint-billed crake, ''Neocrex erythrops'' * Zapata rail, ''Cyanolimnas cerverai'' * Spotted rail, ''Pardirallus maculatus'' * Uniform crake, ''Amaurolimnas concolor'' * Rufous-necked wood-rail, ''Aramides axillaris'' * Russet-naped wood-rail, ''Aramides albiventris'' * Gray-cowled wood-rail, ''Aramides cajaneus'' * Ridgway's rail, ''Rallus obsoletus'' (''Rallus o. obsoletus'' ''R. o. obsoletus'', ''R. o. yumanensis'' and ''R. o. levipes'': ) *

Clapper rail The clapper rail (''Rallus crepitans'') is a member of the rail family, Rallidae. The taxonomy for this species is confusing and still being determined. It is a large brown rail that is resident in wetlands along the Atlantic coasts of the east ...

, ''Rallus crepitans'' * Aztec rail, ''Rallus tenuirostris'' * Mangrove rail, ''Rallus longirostris'' *

King rail The king rail (''Rallus elegans'') is a waterbird, the largest North American rail. Description Distinct features are a long bill with a slight downward curve, with adults being brown on the back and rusty-brown on the face and breast with a ...

, ''Rallus elegans'' * Virginia rail, ''Rallus limicola'' * Western water-rail, ''Rallus aquaticus'' (A) * Corn crake, ''Crex crex'' (A) * Sora, ''Porzana carolina'' * Spotted crake, ''Porzana porzana'' (A) *

Common gallinule The common gallinule (''Gallinula galeata'') is a bird in the family Rallidae. It was split from the common moorhen by the American Ornithologists' Union in July 2011. It lives around well-vegetated marshes, ponds, canals, and other wetlands in t ...

, ''Gallinula galeata'' *

Common moorhen The common moorhen (''Gallinula chloropus''), also known as the waterhen or swamp chicken, is a bird species in the rail family (Rallidae). It is distributed across many parts of the Old World. The common moorhen lives around well-vegetated mar ...

, ''Gallinula chloropus'' (A) *

Eurasian coot The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bl ...

, ''Fulica atra'' (A) *

American coot The American coot (''Fulica americana''), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the we ...

, ''Fulica americana'' * Purple gallinule, ''Porphyrio martinicus'' * Azure gallinule, ''Porphyrio flavirostris'' (A) *

Purple swamphen The purple swamphen has been split into the following species: * Western swamphen, ''Porphyrio porphyrio'', southwest Europe and northwest Africa * African swamphen, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'', sub-Saharan continental Africa and Madagascar * Gr ...

, ''Porphyrio porphyrio '' (I) * Ocellated crake, ''Micropygia schomburgkii'' (A) *

Yellow rail The yellow rail (''Coturnicops noveboracensis'') is a small secretive marsh bird, of the family Rallidae that is found in North America. Taxonomy The yellow rail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in ...

, ''Coturnicops noveboracensis'' *

Yellow-breasted crake The yellow-breasted crake (''Laterallus flaviventer'') is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found on several Caribbean islands and in most of Central America and South America.HB ...

, ''Hapalocrex flaviventer'' * Ruddy crake, ''Laterallus ruber'' * White-throated crake, ''Laterallus albigularis'' * Gray-breasted crake, ''Laterallus exilis'' * Black rail, ''Laterallus jamaicensis''

Finfoots

Order:

Family: Heliornithidae Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. * Sungrebe, ''Heliornis fulica''

Limpkin

Order:

Family: Aramidae The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large

rail Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters * Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ...

, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean S ...

, South America and southern

Florida Florida is a U.S. state, state located in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia (U.S. state), Geo ...

. *

Limpkin The limpkin (''Aramus guarauna''), also called carrao, courlan, and crying bird, is a large wading bird related to rails and cranes, and the only extant species in the family Aramidae. It is found mostly in wetlands in warm parts of the America ...

, ''Aramus guarauna''

Cranes

Order:

Family: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". *

Sandhill crane The sandhill crane (''Antigone canadensis'') is a species of large crane of North America and extreme northeastern Siberia. The common name of this bird refers to habitat like that at the Platte River, on the edge of Nebraska's Sandhills o ...

, ''Antigone canadensis'' (ssp. ''nesiotes'' and ''pulla'': ) *

Common crane The common crane (''Grus grus''), also known as the Eurasian crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the cranes. A medium-sized species, it is the only crane commonly found in Europe besides the demoiselle crane (''Grus virgo'') and the Siberi ...

, ''Grus grus'' (A) *

Whooping crane The whooping crane (''Grus americana'') is the tallest North American bird, named for its whooping sound. It is an endangered crane species. Along with the sandhill crane (''Antigone canadensis''), it is one of only two crane species native to N ...

, ''Grus americana'' (and ) *

Hooded crane The hooded crane (''Grus monacha'') is a crane native to East Asia and a frequent migratory bird in Japan. Description It has a grey body. The top of the neck and head is white, except for a patch of bare red skin above the eye. It is one of t ...

, ''Grus monacha'' (A)

Thick-knees

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from '' Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water a ...

Family: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. * Double-striped thick-knee, ''Burhinus bistriatus''

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family:

Recurvirostridae The Recurvirostridae are a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups of birds, the avocets (one genus) and the stilts (two genera). Description Avocets and stilts range in length from and in weight from ; ...

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *

Black-winged stilt The black-winged stilt (''Himantopus himantopus'') is a widely distributed very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family ( Recurvirostridae). The scientific name ''H. himantopus'' is sometimes applied to a single, almost cosmopolitan sp ...

, ''Himantopus himantopus'' (A) *

Black-necked stilt The black-necked stilt (''Himantopus mexicanus'') is a locally abundant shorebird of American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from the coastal areas of California through much of the interior western United States and along the Gulf of Mexi ...

, ''Himantopus mexicanus'' (Hawaiian stilt ''H. m. knudseni'': ) * American avocet, ''Recurvirostra americana''

Oystercatchers

Order:

Family: Haematopodidae The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy

plover Plovers ( , ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. Description There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called "plover" or " dotterel". The closely related lapwing sub ...

-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is est ...

s. *

Eurasian oystercatcher The Eurasian oystercatcher (''Haematopus ostralegus'') also known as the common pied oystercatcher, or palaearctic oystercatcher, or (in Europe) just oystercatcher, is a wader in the oystercatcher bird family Haematopodidae. It is the most wide ...

, ''Haematopus ostralegus'' (A) *

American oystercatcher The American oystercatcher (''Haematopus palliatus''), occasionally called the American pied oystercatcher, is a member of family Haematopodidae. Originally called the "sea pie", it was renamed in 1731 when naturalist Mark Catesby observed the b ...

, ''Haematopus palliatus'' * Black oystercatcher, ''Haematopus bachmani''

Lapwings and plovers

Order:

Family:

Charadriidae The bird family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings, about 64 to 68 species in all. Taxonomy The family Charadriidae was introduced (as Charadriadæ) by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the conten ...

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *

Northern lapwing The northern lapwing (''Vanellus vanellus''), also known as the peewit or pewit, tuit or tew-it, green plover, or (in Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe ...

, ''Vanellus vanellus'' (A) * Southern lapwing, ''Vanellus chilensis'' (A) * Black-bellied plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola'' * European golden-plover, ''Pluvialis apricaria'' (C) * American golden-plover, ''Pluvialis dominica'' * Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' * Eurasian dotterel, ''Charadrius morinellus'' (A) *

Killdeer The killdeer (''Charadrius vociferus'') is a large plover found in the Americas. It was described and given its current scientific name in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. Three subspecies are described. T ...

, ''Charadrius vociferus'' *

Common ringed plover The common ringed plover or ringed plover (''Charadrius hiaticula'') is a small plover that breeds in Arctic Eurasia. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from ...

, ''Charadrius hiaticula'' *

Semipalmated plover The semipalmated plover (''Charadrius semipalmatus'') is a small plover. ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' a bird found in ravines and r ...

, ''Charadrius semipalmatus'' *

Piping plover The piping plover (''Charadrius melodus'') is a small sand-colored, sparrow-sized shorebird that nests and feeds along coastal sand and gravel beaches in North America. The adult has yellow-orange-red legs, a black band across the forehead from ...

, ''Charadrius melodus'' or *

Little ringed plover The little ringed plover (''Charadrius dubius'') is a small plover. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' a bird found in river ...

, ''Charadrius dubius'' (A) *

Lesser sand plover The lesser sand plover (''Charadrius mongolus'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is commonly given as lesser sand-plover, but the official British Ornithologists' Union spelling is "lesser sand plover". The genus ...

, ''Charadrius mongolus'' (A) *

Greater sand plover The greater sand plover (''Charadrius leschenaultii'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is commonly given as "greater sandplover" or "greater sand-plover", but the official British Ornithologists' Union spelling is "Gr ...

, ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' (A) * Oriental plover, ''Charadrius veredus'' (A) *

Wilson's plover Wilson's plover (''Charadrius wilsonia'') is a small bird of the family Charadriidae. It was named after the Scottish-American ornithologist Alexander Wilson by his friend George Ord in 1814. Wilson's plover is a coastal wader which breeds ...

, ''Charadrius wilsonia'' * Collared plover, ''Charadrius collaris'' *

Mountain plover The mountain plover (''Charadrius montanus'') is a medium-sized ground bird in the plover family (Charadriidae). It is misnamed, as it lives on level land. Unlike most plovers, it is usually not found near bodies of water or even on wet soil; i ...

, ''Charadrius montanus'' *

Snowy plover The snowy plover (''Charadrius nivosus'') is a small wader in the plover bird family, typically about 5-7" in length. It breeds in the southern and western United States, the Caribbean, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Long considered to be a subspeci ...

, ''Charadrius nivosus'' )

Jacanas

Order:

Family: Jacanidae The jacanas are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. * Northern jacana, ''Jacana spinosa'' *

Wattled jacana The wattled jacana (''Jacana jacana'') is a wader which is a resident breeder from western Panama and Trinidad south through most of South America east of the Andes. Breeding The wattled jacana lays four black-marked brown eggs in a floating n ...

, ''Jacana jacana''

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *

Upland sandpiper The upland sandpiper (''Bartramia longicauda'') is a large sandpiper, closely related to the curlews. Older names are the upland plover and Bartram's sandpiper. In Louisiana, it is also colloquially known as the papabotte. It is the only member ...

, ''Bartramia longicauda'' *

Bristle-thighed curlew The bristle-thighed curlew (''Numenius tahitiensis'') is a medium-sized shorebird that breeds in Alaska and winters on tropical Pacific islands. It is known in Mangareva as ''kivi'' or ''kivikivi'' and in Rakahanga as ''kihi''; it is said to be ...

, ''Numenius tahitiensis'' * Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus'' * Little curlew, ''Numenius minutus'' (A) *

Eskimo curlew The Eskimo curlew (''Numenius borealis''), also known as northern curlew, is a species of curlew in the family Scolopacidae. It was one of the most numerous shorebirds in the tundra of western Arctic Canada and Alaska. Thousands of birds were t ...

, ''Numenius borealis'' (E?) * Long-billed curlew, ''Numenius americanus'' *

Far Eastern curlew The Far Eastern curlew (''Numenius madagascariensis'') is a large shorebird most similar in appearance to the long-billed curlew, but slightly larger. It is mostly brown in color, differentiated from other curlews by its plain, unpatterned brow ...

, ''Numenius madagascariensis'' (A) *

Slender-billed curlew The slender-billed curlew (''Numenius tenuirostris'') is a bird in the wader family Scolopacidae. Isotope analysis suggests the majority of the former population bred in the Kazakh Steppe despite a record from the Siberian swamps, and was migr ...

, ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (E?) *

Eurasian curlew The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (''Numenius arquata'') is a very large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred t ...

, ''Numenius arquata'' (A) *

Bar-tailed godwit The bar-tailed godwit (''Limosa lapponica'') is a large and strongly migratory wader in the family Scolopacidae, which feeds on bristle-worms and shellfish on coastal mudflats and estuaries. It has distinctive red breeding plumage, long legs, an ...

, ''Limosa lapponica'' *

Black-tailed godwit The black-tailed godwit (''Limosa limosa'') is a large, long-legged, long-billed shorebird first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a member of the godwit genus, ''Limosa''. There are four subspecies, all with orange head, neck and ches ...

, ''Limosa limosa'' (A) *

Hudsonian godwit The Hudsonian godwit (''Limosa haemastica'') is a large shorebird in the sandpiper family, Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Limosa'' is from Latin and means "muddy", from ''limus'', "mud". The specific ''haemastica'' is from Ancient Greek and mean ...

, ''Limosa haemastica'' * Marbled godwit, ''Limosa fedoa'' *

Ruddy turnstone The ruddy turnstone (''Arenaria interpres'') is a small cosmopolitan wading bird, one of two species of turnstone in the genus ''Arenaria''. It is now classified in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae but was formerly sometimes placed in the plo ...

, ''Arenaria interpres'' * Black turnstone, ''Arenaria melanocephala'' *

Great knot __NOTOC__ The great knot (''Calidris tenuirostris'') is a small wader. It is the largest of the calidrid species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside bird ...

, ''Calidris tenuirostris'' (A) *

Red knot The red knot or just knot (''Calidris canutus'') is a medium-sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the ''Calidris'' sandpipers, second only to the ...

, ''Calidris canutus'' *

Surfbird The surfbird (''Calidris virgata'') is a small stocky wader in the family Scolopacidae. It was once considered to be allied to the turnstones, and placed in the monotypic genus ''Aphriza'', but is now placed in the genus ''Calidris''. This b ...

, ''Calidris virgata'' * Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax'' *

Broad-billed sandpiper The broad-billed sandpiper (''Calidris falcinellus'') is a small wading bird. The scientific name is from Latin. The specific name ''falcinella'' is from ''falx, falcis'', "a sickle. Some research suggests that it should rather go into the ge ...

, ''Calidris falcinellus'' (A) * Sharp-tailed sandpiper, ''Calidris acuminata'' (A) * Stilt sandpiper, ''Calidris himantopus'' *

Curlew sandpiper The curlew sandpiper (''Calidris ferruginea'') is a small wader that breeds on the tundra of Arctic Siberia. It is strongly migratory, wintering mainly in Africa, but also in south and southeast Asia and in Australia and New Zealand. It is a va ...

, ''Calidris ferruginea'' *

Temminck's stint Temminck's stint (''Calidris temminckii'') is a small wader. This bird's common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by ...

, ''Calidris temminckii'' (A) *

Long-toed stint The long-toed stint (''Calidris subminuta'') is a small wader. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''subminuta'' is from Latin ''sub'', ...

, ''Calidris subminuta'' (A) *

Spoon-billed sandpiper The spoon-billed sandpiper (''Calidris pygmaea'') is a small wader which breeds on the coasts of the Bering Sea and winters in Southeast Asia. This species is highly threatened, and it is said that since the 1970s the breeding population has dec ...

, ''Calidris pygmea'' (A) *

Red-necked stint The red-necked stint (''Calidris ruficollis'') is a small migratory wader. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''ruficollis'' is from La ...

, ''Calidris ruficollis'' *

Sanderling The sanderling (''Calidris alba'') is a small wading bird. The name derives from Old English ''sand-yrðling'', "sand-ploughman". The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloure ...

, ''Calidris alba'' *

Dunlin The dunlin (''Calidris alpina'') is a small wader, formerly sometimes separated with the other " stints" in the genus ''Erolia''. The English name is a dialect form of "dunling", first recorded in 1531–1532. It derives from ''dun'', "dull brow ...

, ''Calidris alpina'' * Rock sandpiper, ''Calidris ptilocnemis'' * Purple sandpiper, ''Calidris maritima'' * Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii'' *

Little stint The little stint (''Calidris minuta'' or ''Erolia minuta''), is a very small wader. It breeds in arctic Europe and Asia, and is a long-distance migrant, wintering south to Africa and south Asia. It occasionally is a vagrant to North America a ...

, ''Calidris minuta'' (A) *

Least sandpiper The least sandpiper (''Calidris minutilla'') is the smallest shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-colored waterside birds. The specific ''minutilla'' is Medieval La ...

, ''Calidris minutilla'' * White-rumped sandpiper, ''Calidris fuscicollis'' * Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis'' * Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos'' *

Semipalmated sandpiper The semipalmated sandpiper (''Calidris pusilla'') is a very small shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''pusilla'' is Latin f ...

, ''Calidris pusilla'' *

Western sandpiper The western sandpiper (''Calidris mauri'') is a small shorebird. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds. The specific ''mauri'' commemorates Italian bota ...

, ''Calidris mauri'' *

Short-billed dowitcher The short-billed dowitcher (''Limnodromus griseus''), like its congener the long-billed dowitcher, is a medium-sized, stocky, long-billed shorebird in the family Scolopacidae. It is an inhabitant of North America, Central America, the Caribbe ...

, ''Limnodromus griseus'' * Long-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' *

Jack snipe The jack snipe or jacksnipe (''Lymnocryptes minimus'') is a small stocky wader. It is the smallest snipe, and the only member of the genus ''Lymnocryptes''. Features such as its sternum make it quite distinct from other snipes or woodcocks. Et ...

, ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' (A) * Eurasian woodcock, ''Scolopax rusticola'' (A) *

American woodcock The American woodcock (''Scolopax minor''), sometimes colloquially referred to as the timberdoodle, the bogsucker, the hokumpoke, and the Labrador twister, is a small shorebird species found primarily in the eastern half of North America. Woodc ...

, ''Scolopax minor'' * Solitary snipe, ''Gallinago solitaria'' (A) *

Pin-tailed snipe Pintail snipe head and bill The pin-tailed snipe or pintail snipe (''Gallinago stenura'') is a species of bird in the family Scolopacidae, the sandpipers. Distribution It breeds in northern Russia and migrates to spend the non-breeding season ...

, ''Gallinago stenura'' (A) *

Common snipe The common snipe (''Gallinago gallinago'') is a small, stocky wader native to the Old World. The breeding habitats are marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows throughout the Palearctic. In the north, the distribution limit extends from Iceland ov ...

, ''Gallinago gallinago'' *

Wilson's snipe Wilson's snipe (''Gallinago delicata'') is a small, stocky shorebird. The genus name ''gallinago'' is New Latin for a woodcock or snipe from Latin ''gallina'', "hen" and the suffix ''-ago'', "resembling". The specific ''delicata'' is Latin for "d ...

, ''Gallinago delicata'' *

Terek sandpiper The Terek sandpiper (''Xenus cinereus'') is a small migratory Palearctic wader species and is the only member of the genus ''Xenus''. It is named after the Terek River which flows into the west of the Caspian Sea, as it was first observed aroun ...

, ''Xenus cinereus'' (A) *

Common sandpiper The common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') is a small Palearctic wader. This bird and its American sister species, the spotted sandpiper (''A. macularia''), make up the genus ''Actitis''. They are parapatric and replace each other geographica ...

, ''Actitis hypoleucos'' (A) * Spotted sandpiper, ''Actitis macularius'' *

Green sandpiper The green sandpiper (''Tringa ochropus'') is a small wader (shorebird) of the Old World. The green sandpiper represents an ancient lineage of the genus ''Tringa''; its only close living relative is the solitary sandpiper (''T. solitaria''). The ...

, ''Tringa ochropus'' (A) * Solitary sandpiper, ''Tringa solitaria'' * Gray-tailed tattler, ''Tringa brevipes'' (A) * Wandering tattler, ''Tringa incana'' *

Lesser yellowlegs The lesser yellowlegs (''Tringa flavipes'') is a medium-sized shorebird. It breeds in the boreal forest region of North America. Taxonomy The lesser yellowlegs was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in ...

, ''Tringa flavipes'' *

Willet The willet (''Tringa semipalmata'') is a large shorebird in the family Scolopacidae. It is a relatively large and robust sandpiper, and is the largest of the species called "shanks" in the genus ''Tringa''. Its closest relative is the lesser yel ...

, ''Tringa semipalmata'' *

Spotted redshank The spotted redshank (''Tringa erythropus'') is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'', a ...

, ''Tringa erythropus'' (A) *

Common greenshank The common greenshank (''Tringa nebularia'') is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae, the typical waders. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'' ...

, ''Tringa nebularia'' (A) *

Greater yellowlegs The greater yellowlegs (''Tringa melanoleuca'') is a large shorebird in the family Scolopacidae. It breeds in central Canada and southern Alaska and winters in southern North America, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Taxonomy ...

, ''Tringa melanoleuca'' *

Common redshank The common redshank or simply redshank (''Tringa totanus'') is a Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae. Taxonomy The common redshank was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his ...

, ''Tringa totanus'' (A) * Wood sandpiper, ''Tringa glareola'' * Marsh sandpiper, ''Tringa stagnatilis'' (A) * Wilson's phalarope, ''Phalaropus tricolor'' * Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus'' * Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius''

Pratincoles and coursers

Order:

Family:

Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups, the pratincoles and the coursers. The atypical Egyptian plover (''Pluvianus aegyptius''), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to ...

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as

wader 245px, A flock of Dunlins and Red knots">Red_knot.html" ;"title="Dunlins and Red knot">Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wikt:wade#Etymology 1, wading along shorelines and mudflat ...

s is that they typically hunt their

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean Hexapoda, hexapod invertebrates of the class (biology), class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, Thorax (ins ...

prey on the wing like

swallows The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae, are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. Th ...

, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding. * Collared pratincole, ''Glareola pratincola'' (A) * Oriental pratincole, ''Glareola maldivarum'' (A)

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy

cere The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for eating, preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, ...

above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers. *

Great skua The great skua (''Stercorarius skua''), sometimes known by the name bonxie in Britain, is a large seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is roughly the size of a herring gull. It mainly eats fish caught at the sea surface or taken fro ...

, ''Stercorarius skua'' *

South polar skua The south polar skua (''Stercorarius maccormicki'') is a large seabird in the skua family, Stercorariidae. An older name for the bird is MacCormick's skua, after explorer and naval surgeon Robert McCormick, who first collected the type specimen ...

, ''Stercorarius maccormicki'' *

Pomarine jaeger The pomarine jaeger (''Stercorarius pomarinus''), pomarine skua, or pomatorhine skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migrant, wintering at sea in the tropical oceans. Taxonomy Its relationships are not fully resolved; i ...

, ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' *

Parasitic jaeger The parasitic jaeger (''Stercorarius parasiticus''), also known as the Arctic skua, Arctic jaeger or parasitic skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migratory species that breeds in Northern Scandinavia, Scotland, Iceland ...

, ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' * Long-tailed jaeger, ''Stercorarius longicaudus''

Auks, murres and puffins

Order:

Family:

Alcidae An auk or alcid is a bird of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets. The word "auk" is derived from Icelandic ''álka'', from Old Norse ''alka'' (au ...

Alcids are superficially similar to

penguin Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes , family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain t ...

s due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. *

Dovekie The little auk or dovekie (''Alle alle'') is a small auk, the only member of the genus ''Alle''. ''Alle'' is the Sami name of the long-tailed duck; it is onomatopoeic and imitates the call of the drake duck. Linnaeus was not particularly fam ...

, ''Alle alle'' *

Common murre The common murre or common guillemot (''Uria aalge'') is a large auk. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. It spends most of its time at sea, only coming to land t ...

, ''Uria aalge'' *

Thick-billed murre The thick-billed murre or Brünnich's guillemot (''Uria lomvia'') is a bird in the auk family (Alcidae). This bird is named after the Danish zoologist Morten Thrane Brünnich. The very deeply black North Pacific subspecies ''Uria lomvia arra'' i ...

, ''Uria lomvia'' *

Razorbill The razorbill, razor-billed auk, or lesser auk (''Alca torda'') is a colonial seabird and the only extant member of the genus '' Alca'' of the family Alcidae, the auks. It is the closest living relative of the extinct great auk (''Pinguinis imp ...

, ''Alca torda'' *

Great auk The great auk (''Pinguinus impennis'') is a species of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century. It was the only modern species in the genus ''Pinguinus''. It is not closely related to the birds now known as penguins, w ...

, ''Pinguinus impennis'' (E) *

Black guillemot The black guillemot or tystie (''Cepphus grylle'') is a medium-sized seabird of the Alcidae family, native throughout northern Atlantic coasts and eastern North American coasts. It is resident in much of its range, but large populations from the ...

, ''Cepphus grylle'' *

Pigeon guillemot The pigeon guillemot (''Cepphus columba'') () is a species of bird in the auk family, Alcidae. One of three species in the genus '' Cepphus'', it is most closely related to the spectacled guillemot. There are five subspecies of the pigeon gui ...

, ''Cepphus columba'' * Long-billed murrelet, ''Brachyramphus perdix'' * Marbled murrelet, ''Brachyramphus marmoratus'' * Kittlitz's murrelet, ''Brachyramphus brevirostris'' * Scripps's murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus scrippsi'' * Guadalupe murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus hypoleucus'' * Craveri's murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus craveri'' * Ancient murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus antiquus'' *

Cassin's auklet Cassin's auklet (''Ptychoramphus aleuticus'') is a small, chunky seabird that ranges widely in the North Pacific. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Ptychoramphus''. It nests in small burrows and because of its presence on well studied ...

, ''Ptychoramphus aleuticus'' *

Parakeet auklet The parakeet auklet (''Aethia psittacula'') is a small seabird of the North Pacific. Parakeet Auklets used to be placed on its own in the genus ''Cyclorrhynchus'' ( Kaup, 1829) but recent morphological and genetic evidence suggest it should be pl ...

, ''Aethia psittacula'' *

Least auklet The least auklet (''Aethia pusilla'') is a seabird and the smallest species of auk. It is the most abundant seabird in North America, and one of the most abundant in the world, with a population of around nine million birds. They breed on the isl ...

, ''Aethia pusilla'' * Whiskered auklet, ''Aethia pygmaea'' * Crested auklet, ''Aethia cristatella'' *

Rhinoceros auklet The rhinoceros auklet (''Cerorhinca monocerata'') is a seabird and a close relative of the puffins. It is the only extant species of the genus ''Cerorhinca''. Given its close relationship with the puffins, the common name rhinoceros puffin has b ...

, ''Cerorhinca monocerata'' *

Atlantic puffin The Atlantic puffin ('), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family. It is the only puffin native to the Atlantic Ocean; two related species, the tufted puffin and the horned puffin is found in the northeastern ...

, ''Fratercula arctica'' *

Horned puffin The horned puffin (''Fratercula corniculata'') is an auk found in the North Pacific Ocean, including the coasts of Alaska, Siberia and British Columbia. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often ...

, ''Fratercula corniculata'' *

Tufted puffin The tufted puffin (''Fratercula cirrhata''), also known as crested puffin, is a relatively abundant medium-sized pelagic seabird in the auk family (Alcidae) found throughout the North Pacific Ocean. It is one of three species of puffin that make ...

, ''Fratercula cirrhata''

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family:

Laridae Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns, skimmers and kittiwakes. It includes around 100 species arranged into 22 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial birds found worldwide. ...

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. *

Swallow-tailed gull The swallow-tailed gull (''Creagrus furcatus'') is an equatorial seabird in the gull family, Laridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Creagrus'', which derives from the Latin ''Creagra'' and the Greek ''kreourgos'' which means butcher, al ...

, ''Creagrus furcatus'' (A) *

Black-legged kittiwake The black-legged kittiwake (''Rissa tridactyla'') is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' as ''Larus tridactylus''. The English ...

, ''Rissa tridactyla'' *

Red-legged kittiwake The red-legged kittiwake (''Rissa brevirostris'') is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae. It breeds in the Pribilof Islands, Bogoslof Island and Buldir Island in the Bering Sea off the coast of Alaska, and the Commander Islands, Russ ...

, ''Rissa brevirostris'' *

Ivory gull The ivory gull (''Pagophila eburnea'') is a small gull, the only species in the genus ''Pagophila''. It breeds in the high Arctic and has a circumpolar distribution through Greenland, northernmost North America, and Eurasia. Taxonomy The ivory ...

, ''Pagophila eburnea'' *

Sabine's gull Sabine's gull ( ) (''Xema sabini'') also known as the fork-tailed gull or xeme, is a small gull. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Xema''. It breeds in colonies on coasts and tundra, laying two or three spotted olive-brown eggs in a gr ...

, ''Xema sabini'' *

Bonaparte's gull Bonaparte's gull (''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'') is a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America. At in length, it is one of the smallest species of gull. Its plumage is mainly white with grey upperparts. During ...

, ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'' * Gray-hooded gull, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A) *

Black-headed gull The black-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'') is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but some birds re ...

, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' *

Little gull The little gull (''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' or ''Larus minutus''), is a small gull that breeds in northern Europe and across the Palearctic. The genus name ''Hydrocoloeus'' is from Ancient Greek , "water", and , a sort of web-footed bird. The spe ...

, ''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' *

Ross's gull Ross's gull (''Rhodostethia rosea'') is a small gull, the only species in its genus, although it has been suggested it should be moved to the genus ''Hydrocoloeus'', which otherwise only includes the little gull. This bird is named after the Br ...

, ''Rhodostethia rosea'' * Gray gull, ''Leucophaeus modestus'' (A) * Laughing gull, ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' * Franklin's gull, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' * Pallas's gull, ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus'' (A) * Belcher's gull, ''Larus belcheri'' (A) * Black-tailed gull, ''Larus crassirostris'' (A) *

Heermann's gull Heermann's gull (''Larus heermanni'') is a gull resident in the United States, Mexico and extreme southwestern British Columbia, nearly all nesting on Isla Rasa in the Gulf of California. They are usually found near shores or well out to sea, ver ...

, ''Larus heermanni'' *

Common gull The common gull or sea mew (''Larus canus'') is a medium-sized gull that breeds in the Palearctic, northern Europe. The closely related short-billed gull is sometimes included in this species, which may be known collectively as "mew gull". Man ...

, ''Larus canus'' * Short-billed gull, ''Larus brachyrhynchus'' *

Ring-billed gull The ring-billed gull (''Larus delawarensis'') is a medium-sized gull. The genus name is from Latin ''Larus'' which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific ''delawarensis'' refers to the Delaware River. Description ...

, ''Larus delawarensis'' *

Western gull The western gull (''Larus occidentalis'') is a large white-headed gull that lives on the west coast of North America. It was previously considered conspecific with the yellow-footed gull (''Larus livens'') of the Gulf of California. The western ...

, ''Larus occidentalis'' * Yellow-footed gull, ''Larus livens'' *

California gull The California gull (''Larus californicus'') is a medium-sized gull, smaller on average than the herring gull but larger on average than the ring-billed gull, though it may overlap in size greatly with both. Description Adults are similar in a ...

, ''Larus californicus'' *

Herring gull Herring gull is a common name for several birds in the genus '' Larus'', all formerly treated as a single species. Three species are still combined in some taxonomies: * American herring gull (''Larus smithsonianus'') - North America * European ...

'' ''Larus argentatus'' ) *

Yellow-legged gull The yellow-legged gull (''Larus michahellis'') is a large gull found in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, which has only recently achieved wide recognition as a distinct species. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of either the Casp ...

, ''Larus cachinnans'' (A) *

Iceland gull The Iceland gull (''Larus glaucoides'') is a medium-sized gull that breeds in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland, but not in Iceland (as its name suggests), where it is only seen during winter. The genus name is from Latin ''larus'', whic ...

, ''Larus glaucoides'' *

Lesser black-backed gull The lesser black-backed gull (''Larus fuscus'') is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. It has increased dramatically in North America, most common alo ...

, ''Larus fuscus'' * Slaty-backed gull, ''Larus schistisagus'' *

Glaucous-winged gull The glaucous-winged gull (''Larus glaucescens'') is a large, white-headed gull. The genus name is from Latin ''Larus'' which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific ''glaucescens'' is New Latin for "glaucous" fro ...

, ''Larus glaucescens'' *

Glaucous gull The glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus'') is a large gull, the second-largest gull in the world. It breeds in Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and winters south to shores of the Holarctic. The genus name is from Latin ''larus'', which a ...

, ''Larus hyperboreus'' *

Great black-backed gull The great black-backed gull (''Larus marinus'') is the largest member of the gull family. Described by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology as "the king of the Atlantic waterfront", it is a very aggressive hunter, pirate, and scavenger. It breeds on t ...

, ''Larus marinus'' *

Kelp gull The kelp gull (''Larus dominicanus''), also known as the Dominican gull, is a gull that breeds on coasts and islands through much of the Southern Hemisphere. The nominate ''L. d. dominicanus'' is the subspecies found around South America, par ...

, ''Larus dominicanus'' *

Brown noddy The brown noddy or common noddy (''Anous stolidus'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. The largest of the noddies, it can be told from the closely related black noddy by its larger size and plumage, which is dark brown rather than black. The b ...

, ''Anous stolidus'' *

Black noddy The black noddy or white-capped noddy (''Anous minutus'') is a seabird from the family Laridae. It is a medium-sized species of tern with black plumage and a white cap. It closely resembles the lesser noddy (''Anous tenuirostris'') with which it ...

, ''Anous minutus'' *

White tern The white tern or common white tern (''Gygis alba'') is a small seabird found across the tropical oceans of the world. It is sometimes known as the fairy tern, although this name is potentially confusing as it is also the common name of '' Sternu ...

, ''Gygis alba'' *

Sooty tern The sooty tern (''Onychoprion fuscatus'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans, returning to land only to breed on islands throughout the equatorial zone. Taxonomy The sooty tern was described by Carl Linn ...

, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' *

Bridled tern The bridled tern (''Onychoprion anaethetus'') is a seabird of the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus comes from ' meaning "claw" or "nail", and , meaning "saw". The specific ...

, ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' * Aleutian tern, ''Onychoprion aleuticus'' *

Least tern The least tern (''Sternula antillarum'') is a species of tern that breeds in North America and locally in northern South America. It is closely related to, and was formerly often considered conspecific with, the little tern of the Old World. Ot ...

, ''Sternula antillarum'' (

California least tern The California least tern, ''Sternula antillarum browni'', is a subspecies of least tern that breeds primarily in bays of the Pacific Ocean within a very limited range of Southern California, in San Francisco Bay and in northern regions of Mexico ...

''S. a. browni'': ) * Yellow-billed tern, ''Sternula superciliaris'' *

Large-billed tern The large-billed tern (''Phaetusa simplex'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is placed the monotypic genus ''Phaetusa''. It is found in most of South America (east of the Andes and north of the Pampas). It has occurred as a vagrant ...

, ''Phaetusa simplex'' (A) *

Gull-billed tern The gull-billed tern (''Gelochelidon nilotica''), formerly ''Sterna nilotica'', is a tern in the family Laridae. It is widely distributed and breeds in scattered localities in Europe, Asia, northwest Africa, and the Americas. The Australian gull ...

, ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' * Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia'' *

Inca tern The Inca tern (''Larosterna inca'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It is the only member of the genus ''Larosterna''. This uniquely plumaged bird breeds on the coasts of Peru and Chile, and is restricted to the Humboldt Current. In 2021 a s ...

, ''Larosterna inca'' (A) *

Black tern The black tern (''Chlidonias niger'') is a small tern generally found in or near inland water in Europe, Western Asia and North America. As its name suggests, it has predominantly dark plumage. In some lights it can appear blue in the breeding se ...

, ''Chlidonias niger'' * White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' (A) *

Whiskered tern The whiskered tern (''Chlidonias hybrida'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''khelidonios'', "swallow-like", from ''khelidon'', " swallow". The specific ''hybridus'' is Latin for ''hybrid''; Peter Simon Pa ...

, ''Chlidonias hybridus'' (A) *

Roseate tern The roseate tern (''Sterna dougallii'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and the specific ''dougallii'' refers to Scottish physician and collector Dr Peter McDoug ...

, ''Sterna dougallii'' (ssp. ''dougallii'': or *

Common tern The common tern (''Sterna hirundo'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar distribution, its four subspecies breeding in temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America. It is strongly migrator ...

, ''Sterna hirundo'' *

Arctic tern The Arctic tern (''Sterna paradisaea'') is a tern in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar breeding distribution covering the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe (as far south as Brittany), Asia, and North America (as far sout ...

, ''Sterna paradisaea'' *

Forster's tern Forster's tern (''Sterna forsteri'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and ''forsteri'' commemorates the naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster. It breeds inland in North America ...

, ''Sterna forsteri'' *

Royal tern The royal tern (''Thalasseus maximus'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The species is endemic to the Americas, though strays have been identified in Europe.Buckley, P. A. and F. G. Buckley (2020). Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus), version 1.0. ...

, ''Thalasseus maximus'' *

Sandwich tern The Sandwich tern (''Thalasseus sandvicensis'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It is very closely related to the lesser crested tern (''T. bengalensis''), Chinese crested tern (''T. bernsteini''), Cabot's tern (''T. acuflavidus''), and ele ...

, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' *

Elegant tern The elegant tern (''Thalasseus elegans'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It breeds on the Pacific coasts of the southern United States and Mexico and winters south to Peru, Ecuador and Chile. This species breeds in very dense colonies on coa ...

, ''Thalasseus elegans'' *

Black skimmer The black skimmer (''Rynchops niger'') is a tern-like seabird, one of three similar birds species in the skimmer genus ''Rynchops'' in the gull family Laridae. It breeds in North and South America. Northern populations winter in the warmer wat ...

, ''Rynchops niger''

Sunbittern

Order: EurypygiformesFamily: Eurypygidae The sunbittern is a

bittern Bitterns are birds belonging to the subfamily Botaurinae of the heron family Ardeidae. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive than other members of the family. They were called ''hæferblæte'' in Old English; the word "bittern" ...

-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus ''Eurypyga''. *

Sunbittern The sunbittern (''Eurypyga helias'') is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas, and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus ''Eurypyga''. It is found in Central and South America, and ...

, ''Eurypyga helias''

Tropicbirds

Order:

Phaethontiformes The Phaethontiformes are an order of birds. They contain one extant family, the tropicbirds (Phaethontidae), and one extinct family Prophaethontidae from the early Cenozoic. Several fossil genera have been described. The tropicbirds were trad ...

Family:

Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most ...

Tropicbird Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most c ...

s are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. *

White-tailed tropicbird The white-tailed tropicbird (''Phaethon lepturus'') is a tropicbird. It is the smallest of three closely related seabirds of the tropical oceans and smallest member of the order Phaethontiformes. It is found in the tropical Atlantic, western Pac ...

, ''Phaethon lepturus'' *

Red-billed tropicbird The red-billed tropicbird (''Phaethon aethereus'') is a tropicbird, one of three closely related species of seabird of tropical oceans. Superficially resembling a tern in appearance, it has mostly white plumage with some black markings on the ...

, ''Phaethon aethereus'' * Red-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon rubricauda''

Penguins

Order: SphenisciformesFamily: Spheniscidae The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. *Galapagos penguin, ''Spheniscus mendiculus'' (A) *Magellanic penguin, ''Spheniscus magellanicus'' (A)

Loons

Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped Beak, bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land. *Red-throated loon, ''Gavia stellata'' *Arctic loon, ''Gavia arctica'' *Pacific loon, ''Gavia pacifica'' *Common loon, ''Gavia immer'' *Yellow-billed loon, ''Gavia adamsii''

Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. *Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, Yellow-nosed albatross, ''Thalassarche chlororhynchos'' (C) *Shy albatross, White-capped albatross, ''Thalassarche cauta'' *Chatham albatross, ''Thalassarche eremita'' (A) *Salvin's albatross, ''Thalassarche salvini'' (A) *Black-browed albatross, ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A) *Light-mantled albatross, ''Phoebetria palpebrata'' (A) *Wandering albatross, ''Diomedea exulans'' (A) *Laysan albatross, ''Phoebastria immutabilis'' *Black-footed albatross, ''Phoebastria nigripes'' *Waved albatross, ''Phoebastria irrorata'' (A) *Short-tailed albatross, ''Phoebastria albatrus''

Southern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae. *Wilson's storm-petrel, ''Oceanites oceanicus'' *White-faced storm-petrel, ''Pelagodroma marina'' *Black-bellied storm-petrel, ''Fregetta tropica'' (A)

Northern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. *European storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' (A) *Fork-tailed storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates furcatus'' *Ringed storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates hornbyi'' (A) *Swinhoe's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates monorhis'' (A) *Leach's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates leucorhous'' *Townsend's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates socorroensis'' *Ainley's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates cheimomnestes'' *Ashy storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates homochroa'' *Band-rumped storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates castro'' *Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates tethys'' (C) *Black storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates melania'' *Guadalupe storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates macrodactylus'' (E) *Markham's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates markhami'' (A) *Tristram's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates tristrami'' (A) *Least storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates microsoma''

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *Northern fulmar, ''Fulmarus glacialis'' *Northern giant-petrel, ''Macronectes halli'' (A) *Gray-faced petrel, ''Pterodroma gouldi'' (A) *Providence petrel, ''Pterodroma solandri'' (A) *Kermadec petrel, ''Pterodroma neglecta'' (A) *Trindade petrel, ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' *Herald petrel, ''Pterodroma heraldica'' (A) *Murphy's petrel, ''Pterodroma ultima'' *Mottled petrel, ''Pterodroma inexpectata'' *Bermuda petrel, ''Pterodroma cahow'' *Jamaican petrel, ''Pterodoma caribbea'' (E?) *Black-capped petrel, ''Pterodroma hasitata'' *Juan Fernandez petrel, ''Pterodroma externa'' (A) *Galapagos petrel, ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'' (A) *Hawaiian petrel ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'' (C) *Fea's petrel ''Pterodroma feae'' *Zino's petrel, ''Pterodroma madeira'' (A) *Cook's petrel, ''Pterodroma cookii'' *Stejneger's petrel, ''Pterodroma longirostris'' (C) *Tahiti petrel, '' Pseudobulweria rostrata'' (A) *Bulwer's petrel, ''Bulweria bulwerii'' (A) *White-chinned petrel, ''Procellaria aequinoctialis'' (A) *Parkinson's petrel, ''Procellaria parkinsoni'' *Streaked shearwater, ''Calonectris leucomelas'' (C) *Cory's shearwater, ''Calonectris diomedea'' *Cape Verde shearwater, ''Calonectris edwardsii'' (A) *Wedge-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna pacifica'' (C) } *Buller's shearwater, ''Ardenna bulleri'' *Short-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna tenuirostris'' *Sooty shearwater, ''Ardenna grisea'' *Great shearwater, ''Ardenna gravis'' *Pink-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna creatopus'' *Flesh-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna carneipes'' *Christmas shearwater, ''Puffinus nativitatis'' (A) *Galapagos shearwater, ''Puffinus subalaris'' (A) *Manx shearwater, ''Puffinus puffinus'' *Townsend's shearwater, ''Puffinus auricularis'' (A) *Newell's shearwater ''Puffinus newelli'' *Black-vented shearwater, ''Puffinus opisthomelas'' *Audubon's shearwater, ''Puffinus lherminieri'' *Barolo shearwater, ''Puffinus baroli'' (A)

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute. *White stork, ''Ciconia cionia'' (A) *Maguari stork, ''Ciconia maguari'' (A) *Jabiru, ''Jabiru mycteria'' *Wood stork, ''Mycteria americana''

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black and white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. *Lesser frigatebird, ''Fregata ariel'' (A) *Magnificent frigatebird, ''Fregata magnificens'' *Great frigatebird, ''Fregata minor''

Boobies and gannets

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae The sulids comprise the gannets and booby, boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *Masked booby, ''Sula dactylatra'' *Nazca booby, ''Sula granti'' *Blue-footed booby, ''Sula nebouxii'' *Peruvian booby, ''Sula variegata'' (A) *Brown booby, ''Sula leucogaster'' *Red-footed booby, ''Sula sula'' *Northern gannet, ''Morus bassanus''

Darters

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae Darters or anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water. *Anhinga, ''Anhinga anhinga''

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. *Brandt's cormorant, ''Urile penicillatus'' *Red-faced cormorant, ''Urile urile'' *Pelagic cormorant, ''Urile pelagicus'' *Great cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' *Double-crested cormorant, ''Nannopterum auritum'' *Neotropic cormorant, ''Nannopterum brasilianum'' *Guanay cormorant, ''Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum '' (A)

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes. *American white pelican, ''Pelecanus erythrorhynchos'' *Brown pelican, ''Pelecanus occidentalis'' *Great white pelican, ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' (A) *Peruvian pelican, ''Pelecanus thagus'' (A)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *Pinnated bittern, ''Botaurus pinnatus'' *American bittern, ''Botaurus lentiginosus'' *Yellow bittern, ''Ixobrychus sinensis'' (A) *Least bittern, ''Ixobrychus exilis'' *Little bittern, ''Ixobrychus minutus'' (A) *Rufescent tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma lineatum'' *Fasciated tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma fasciatum'' *Bare-throated tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma mexicanum'' *Great blue heron, ''Ardea herodias'' *Gray heron, ''Ardea cinerea'' (A) *Cocoi heron, ''Ardea cocoi'' *Purple heron, ''Ardea purpurea'' (A) *Great egret, ''Ardea alba'' *Intermediate egret, ''Ardea intermedia'' (A) *Whistling heron, ''Syrigma sibilatrix'' (A) *Chinese egret, ''Egretta eulophotes'' (A) *Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta'' (C) *Western reef-heron, ''Egretta gularis'' (A) *Snowy egret, ''Egretta thula'' *Little blue heron, ''Egretta caerulea'' *Tricolored heron, ''Egretta tricolor'' *Reddish egret, ''Egretta rufescens'' *Cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis'' *Chinese pond-heron, ''Ardeola bacchus'' (A) *Squacco heron, ''Ardeola ralloides'' (A) *Green heron, ''Butorides virescens'' *Striated heron, ''Butorides striata'' *Agami heron, ''Agamia agami'' *Capped heron, ''Pilherodius pileatus'' *Black-crowned night-heron, ''Nycticorax nycticorax'' *Yellow-crowned night-heron, ''Nyctanassa violacea'' *Boat-billed heron, ''Cochlearius cochlearius''

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. *American white ibis, White ibis, ''Eudocimus albus'' *Scarlet ibis, ''Eudocimus ruber'' *Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *White-faced ibis, ''Plegadis chihi'' *Green ibis, ''Mesembrinibis cayennensis'' *Bare-faced ibis, ''Phimosus infuscatus'' (A) *Buff-necked ibis, ''Theristicus caudatus'' (A) *African sacred ibis, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' (I) *Eurasian spoonbill, ''Platalea leucorodia'' (A) *Roseate spoonbill, ''Platalea ajaja''

New World vultures

Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate Carrion, carcasses. *California condor, ''Gymnogyps californianus'' (and ) *King vulture, ''Sarcoramphus papa'' *American black vulture, Black vulture, ''Coragyps atratus'' *Turkey vulture, ''Cathartes aura'' *Lesser yellow-headed vulture, ''Cathartes burrovianus''

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic. *Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *Pearl kite, ''Gampsonyx swainsonii'' *White-tailed kite, ''Elanus leucurus'' *Hook-billed kite, ''Chondrohierax uncinatus'' *Cuban kite, ''Chondrohierax wilsonii'' *Grey-headed kite, Gray-headed kite, ''Leptodon cayanensis'' *Swallow-tailed kite, ''Elanoides forficatus'' *Crested eagle, ''Morphnus guianensis'' *Harpy eagle, ''Harpia harpyja'' *Golden eagle, ''Aquila chrysaetos'' *Black hawk-eagle, ''Spizaetus tyrannus'' *Black-and-white hawk-eagle, ''Spizaetus melanoleucus'' *Ornate hawk-eagle, ''Spizaetus ornatus'' *Double-toothed kite, ''Harpagus bidentatus'' *Northern harrier, ''Circus hudsonius'' *Long-winged harrier, ''Circus buffoni'' *Western marsh harrier, ''Circus aeruginosus'' (A) *Grey-bellied hawk, Gray-bellied hawk, ''Accipiter poliogaster'' (A) *Tiny hawk, ''Accipiter superciliosus'' *Chinese sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter soloensis'' (A) *Sharp-shinned hawk, ''Accipiter striatus'' (Puerto Rican sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus venator ''A. s. venator'': *Cooper's hawk, ''Accipiter cooperii'' *Gundlach's hawk, ''Accipiter gundlachi'' *Bicolored hawk, ''Accipiter bicolor'' *Northern goshawk, ''Accipiter gentilis'' *Eurasian sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter nisus'' (A) *Bald eagle, ''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'' *White-tailed eagle, ''Haliaeetus albicilla'' (C) (ssp. ''groenlandicus'': ) *Steller's sea-eagle, ''Haliaeetus pelagicus'' (C) *Booted eagle, ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' (A) *Mississippi kite, ''Ictinia mississippiensis'' *Plumbeous kite, ''Ictinia plumbea'' *Black-collared hawk, ''Busarellus nigricollis'' *Crane hawk, ''Geranospiza caerulescens'' *Snail kite, ''Rostrhamus sociabilis'' (ssp. ''plumbeus'': ) *Slender-billed kite, ''Helicolestes hamatus'' *Black kite, ''Milvus migrans'' (A) *Plumbeous hawk, ''Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea '' *Common black hawk, ''Buteogallus anthracinus'' *Cuban black hawk, ''Buteogallus gundlachii'' *Savanna hawk, ''Buteogallus meridionalis'' *Great black hawk, ''Buteogallus urubitinga'' *Solitary eagle, ''Buteogallus solitarius'' *Barred hawk, ''Morphnarchus princeps'' *Roadside hawk, ''Rupornis magnirostris'' *Harris's hawk, ''Parabuteo unicinctus'' *White-tailed hawk, ''Geranoaetus albicaudatus'' *White hawk, ''Pseudastur albicollis'' *Semiplumbeous hawk, ''Leucopternis semiplumbeus'' *Grey hawk, Gray hawk, ''Buteo plagiatus'' (''grey-lined hawk, B. nitidus'': ) *Grey-lined hawk, Gray-lined hawk, ''Buteo nitidus'' *Red-shouldered hawk, ''Buteo lineatus'' *Ridgway's hawk, ''Buteo ridgwayi'' *Broad-winged hawk, ''Buteo platypterus'' (ssp. ''brunnescens'': ) *Short-tailed hawk, ''Buteo brachyurus'' *Swainson's hawk, ''Buteo swainsoni'' *Zone-tailed hawk, ''Buteo albonotatus'' *Red-tailed hawk, ''Buteo jamaicensis'' *Rough-legged hawk, ''Buteo lagopus'' *Ferruginous hawk, ''Buteo regalis'' *Long-legged buzzard, ''Buteo rufinus'' (A)

Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. *Barn owl, ''Tyto alba'' *Ashy-faced owl, ''Tyto glaucops''

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *Oriental scops-owl, ''Otus sunia'' (A) *Flammulated owl, ''Psiloscops flammeolus'' *Puerto Rican owl, ''Gymnasio nudipes'' *Whiskered screech-owl, ''Megascops trichopsis'' *Bare-shanked screech-owl, ''Megascops clarkii'' *Tropical screech-owl, ''Megascops choliba'' *Bearded screech-owl, ''Megascops barbarus'' *Pacific screech-owl, ''Megascops cooperi'' *Western screech-owl, ''Megascops kennicottii'' *Eastern screech-owl, ''Megascops asio'' *Balsas screech-owl, ''Megascops seductus'' *Middle American screech-owl, ''Megascops guatemalae'' *Choco screech-owl, ''Megascops centralis'' *Bare-legged owl, ''Margarobyas lawrencii'' *Crested owl, ''Lophostrix cristata'' *Spectacled owl, ''Pulsatrix perspicillata'' *Great horned owl, ''Bubo virginianus'' *Snowy owl, ''Bubo scandiacus'' *Northern hawk owl, ''Surnia ulula'' *Northern pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium gnoma'' *Costa Rican pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium costaricanum'' *Central American pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium griseiceps'' *Tamaulipas pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium sanchezi'' *Colima pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium palmarum'' *Ferruginous pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium brasilianum'' *Cuban pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium siju'' *Elf owl, ''Micrathene whitneyi'' *Burrowing owl, ''Athene cunicularia'' *Mottled owl, ''Strix virgata'' *Black-and-white owl, ''Strix nigrolineata'' *Spotted owl, ''Strix occidentalis'' (Mexican spotted owl ''S. o. lucida'' and northern spotted owl ''S. o. caurina'': ) *Barred owl, ''Strix varia'' *Cinereous owl, ''Strix sartorii'' *Fulvous owl, ''Strix fulvescens'' *Great gray owl, ''Strix nebulosa'' *Long-eared owl, ''Asio otus'' *Stygian owl, ''Asio stygius'' *Short-eared owl, ''Asio flammeus'' *Striped owl, ''Asio clamator'' *Jamaican owl, ''Asio grammicus'' *Boreal owl, ''Aegolius funereus'' *Northern saw-whet owl, ''Aegolius acadicus'' *Bermuda saw-whet owl, ''Aegolius gradyi'' (E) *Unspotted saw-whet owl, ''Aegolius ridgwayi'' *Northern boobook, ''Ninox japonica'' (A)

Trogons

Priotelus temnurus -Camaguey, Camaguey Province, Cuba-8

Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae Trogons are residents of Tropics, tropical forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks. *Cuban trogon, ''Priotelus temnurus'' *Hispaniolan trogon, ''Priotelus roseigaster'' *Lattice-tailed trogon, ''Trogon clathratus'' *Slaty-tailed trogon, ''Trogon massena'' *Black-tailed trogon, ''Trogon melanurus'' *Black-headed trogon, ''Trogon melanocephalus'' *Citreoline trogon, ''Trogon citreolus'' *White-tailed trogon, ''Trogon chionurus'' *Baird's trogon, ''Trogon bairdii'' *Gartered trogon, ''Trogon caligatus'' *Black-throated trogon, ''Trogon rufus'' *Elegant trogon, ''Trogon elegans'' *Mountain trogon, ''Trogon mexicanus'' *Collared trogon, ''Trogon collaris'' *Eared quetzal, ''Euptilotis neoxenus'' *Golden-headed quetzal, ''Pharomachrus auriceps'' *Resplendent quetzal, ''Pharomachrus mocinno''

Hoopoes

Order: UpupiformesFamily: Upupidae This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. There are three members of its family. The song is a trisyllabic ''oop-oop-oop'', which gives rise to its English and scientific names. *Eurasian hoopoe, ''Upupa epops'' (A)

Todies

Todus multicolor -Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba-8

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Todidae Tody, Todies are a group of small

forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards. *Cuban tody, ''Todus multicolor'' *Broad-billed tody, ''Todus subulatus'' *Narrow-billed tody, ''Todus angustirostris'' *Jamaican tody, ''Todus todus'' *Puerto Rican tody, ''Todus mexicanus''

Motmots

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Motmotidae The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail. *Tody motmot, ''Hylomanes momotula'' *Blue-throated motmot, ''Aspatha gularis'' *Russet-crowned motmot, ''Momotus mexicanus'' *Blue-capped motmot, ''Momotus coeruliceps'' *Lesson's motmot, ''Momotus lessonii'' *Whooping motmot, ''Momotus subrufescens'' *Rufous motmot, ''Baryphthengus martii'' *Keel-billed motmot, ''Electron carinatum'' *Broad-billed motmot, ''Electron platyrhynchum'' *Turquoise-browed motmot, ''Eumomota superciliosa''

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *Ringed kingfisher, ''Megaceryle torquata'' *Belted kingfisher, ''Megaceryle alcyon'' *Amazon kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle amazona'' *American pygmy kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle aenea'' *Green kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle americana'' *Green-and-rufous kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle inda''

Bee-eaters

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of

birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *European bee-eater, ''Merops apiaster'' (A)

Puffbirds

Order: PiciformesFamily: Bucconidae The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family. *Barred puffbird, ''Nystalus radiatus'' *White-necked puffbird, ''Notharchus hyperrhynchus'' *Black-breasted puffbird, ''Notharchus pectoralis'' *Pied puffbird, ''Notharchus tectus'' *White-whiskered puffbird, ''Malacoptila panamensis'' *Lanceolated monklet, ''Micromonacha lanceolata'' *Grey-cheeked nunlet, Gray-cheeked nunlet, ''Nonnula frontalis'' *Russet-throated puffbird, ''Hypnelus ruficollis'' *White-fronted nunbird, ''Monasa morphoeus''

Jacamars

ARIRAMBA-DE-CAUDA-RUIVA ( Galbula ruficauda )

Order: PiciformesFamily: Galbulidae The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds. *Dusky-backed jacamar, ''Brachygalba salmoni'' *Rufous-tailed jacamar, ''Galbula ruficauda'' *Great jacamar, ''Jacamerops aureus''

New World barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Capitonidae The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored. *Spot-crowned barbet, ''Capito maculicoronatus'' *Red-headed barbet, ''Eubucco bourcierii''

Toucan-barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Semnornithidae The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory. *Prong-billed barbet, ''Semnornis frantzii''

Toucans

Order: PiciformesFamily: Ramphastidae Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length. *Northern emerald-toucanet, ''Aulacorhynchus prasinus'' *Collared aracari, ''Pteroglossus torquatus'' *Fiery-billed aracari, ''Pteroglossus frantzii'' *Yellow-eared toucanet, ''Selenidera spectabilis'' *Keel-billed toucan, ''Ramphastos sulfuratus'' *Yellow-throated toucan, ''Ramphastos ambiguus'' *Channel-billed toucan, ''Ramphastos vitellinus''

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *Eurasian wryneck, ''Jynx torquilla'' (A) *Olivaceous piculet, ''Picumnus olivaceus'' *Antillean piculet, ''Nesoctites micromegas'' *Lewis's woodpecker, ''Melanerpes lewis'' *Guadeloupe woodpecker, ''Melanerpes herminieri'' *Puerto Rican woodpecker, ''Melanerpes portoricensis'' *Red-headed woodpecker, ''Melanerpes erythrocephalus'' *Acorn woodpecker, ''Melanerpes formicivorus'' *Golden-naped woodpecker, ''Melanerpes chrysauchen'' *Black-cheeked woodpecker, ''Melanerpes pucherani'' *Hispaniolan woodpecker, ''Melanerpes striatus'' *Jamaican woodpecker, ''Melanerpes radiolatus'' *Golden-cheeked woodpecker, ''Melanerpes chrysogenys'' *Gray-breasted woodpecker, ''Melanerpes hypopolius'' *Yucatan woodpecker, ''Melanerpes pygmaeus'' *Red-crowned woodpecker, ''Melanerpes rubricapillus'' *Gila woodpecker, ''Melanerpes uropygialis'' *Hoffmann's woodpecker, ''Melanerpes hoffmannii'' *Golden-fronted woodpecker, ''Melanerpes aurifrons'' *Red-bellied woodpecker, ''Melanerpes carolinus'' *West Indian woodpecker, ''Melanerpes superciliaris'' *Williamson's sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus thyroideus'' *Yellow-bellied sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus varius'' *Red-naped sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus nuchalis'' *Red-breasted sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus ruber'' *Cuban green woodpecker, ''Xiphidiopicus percussus'' *American three-toed woodpecker, ''Picoides dorsalis'' *Black-backed woodpecker, ''Picoides arcticus'' *Great spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos major'' (A) *Downy woodpecker, ''Dryobates pubescens'' *Nuttall's woodpecker, ''Dryobates nuttallii'' *Ladder-backed woodpecker, ''Dryobates scalaris'' *Red-cockaded woodpecker, ''Dryobates borealis'' *Hairy woodpecker, ''Dryobates villosus'' *White-headed woodpecker, ''Dryobates albolarvatus'' *Smoky-brown woodpecker, ''Dryobates fumigatus'' *Arizona woodpecker, ''Dryobates arizonae'' *Strickland's woodpecker, ''Dryobates stricklandi'' *Red-rumped woodpecker, ''Dryobates kirkii'' *Rufous-winged woodpecker, ''Piculus simplex'' *Stripe-cheeked woodpecker, ''Piculus callopterus'' *Golden-green woodpecker, ''Piculus chrysochloros'' *Golden-olive woodpecker, ''Colaptes rubiginosus'' *Grey-crowned woodpecker, Gray-crowned woodpecker, ''Colaptes auricularis'' *Spot-breasted woodpecker, ''Colaptes punctigula'' *Northern flicker, ''Colaptes auratus'' *Gilded flicker, ''Colaptes chrysoides'' *Fernandina's flicker, ''Colaptes fernandinae'' *Cinnamon woodpecker, ''Celeus loricatus'' *Chestnut-colored woodpecker, ''Celeus castaneus'' *Lineated woodpecker, ''Dryocopus lineatus'' *Pileated woodpecker, ''Dryocopus pileatus'' *Crimson-bellied woodpecker, ''Campephilus haematogaster'' *Crimson-crested woodpecker, ''Campephilus melanoleucos'' *Pale-billed woodpecker, ''Campephilus guatemalensis'' *Ivory-billed woodpecker, ''Campephilus principalis'' (E?) *Imperial woodpecker, ''Campephilus imperialis'' (E?)

Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *Laughing falcon, ''Herpetotheres cachinnans'' *Barred forest-falcon, ''Micrastur ruficollis'' *Slaty-backed forest-falcon, ''Micrastur mirandollei'' *Collared forest-falcon, ''Micrastur semitorquatus'' *Red-throated caracara, ''Ibycter americanus'' *Crested caracara, ''Caracara plancus'' *Guadalupe caracara, ''Caracara lutosa'' (E) *Yellow-headed caracara, ''Milvago chimachima'' *Eurasian kestrel, ''Falco tinnunculus'' (C) *American kestrel, ''Falco sparverius'' *Red-footed falcon, ''Falco vespertinus'' (A) *Merlin (bird), Merlin, ''Falco columbarius'' *Eurasian hobby, ''Falco subbuteo'' (A) *Aplomado falcon, ''Falco femoralis'' (ssp. ''septentrionalis'': and ) *Bat falcon, ''Falco rufigularis'' *Orange-breasted falcon, ''Falco deiroleucus'' *Gyrfalcon, ''Falco rusticolus'' *Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus'' (ssp. ''peregrinus'': ) *Prairie falcon, ''Falco mexicanus''

African and New World parrots

*Order: PsittaciformesFamily: parrot, Psittacidae Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back. *Painted parakeet, ''Pyrrhura picta'' *Sulphur-winged parakeet, ''Pyrrhura hoffmanni'' *Monk parakeet, ''Myiopsitta monachus'' (I) *Carolina parakeet, ''Conuropsis carolinensis'' (E) *Olive-throated parakeet, ''Eupsittula nana'' *Orange-fronted parakeet, ''Eupsittula canicularis'' *Brown-throated parakeet, ''Eupsittula pertinax'' *Nanday parakeet, ''Aratinga nenday'' (I) *Blue-and-yellow macaw, ''Ara ararauna'' *Chestnut-fronted macaw, ''Ara severus'' *Cuban macaw, ''Ara tricolor'' (E) *Scarlet macaw, ''Ara macao'' *Red-and-green macaw, ''Ara chloropterus'' *Military macaw, ''Ara militaris'' *Great green macaw, ''Ara ambiguus'' *Red-bellied macaw, ''Orthopsittaca manilatus'' *Green parakeet, ''Psittacara holochlorus'' *Socorro parakeet, ''Psittacara brevipes'' *Pacific parakeet, ''Psittacara strenuus'' *Crimson-fronted parakeet, ''Psittacara finschi'' *Cuban parakeet, ''Psittacara euops'' *Puerto Rican parakeet, ''Psittacara maugei'' (E) *Hispaniolan parakeet, ''Psittacara chloropterus'' *Mitred parakeet, ''Psittacara mitratus'' (I) *Thick-billed parrot, ''Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha'' *Maroon-fronted parrot, ''Rhynchopsitta terrisi'' *Barred parakeet, ''Bolborhynchus lineola'' *Mexican parrotlet, ''Forpus cyanopygius'' *Green-rumped parrotlet, ''Forpus passerinus'' *Spectacled parrotlet, ''Forpus conspicillatus'' *Orange-chinned parakeet, ''Brotogeris jugularis'' *White-winged parakeet, ''Brotogeris versicolurus'' (I) *Yellow-chevroned parakeet, ''Brotogeris chiriri'' (I) *Lilac-tailed parrotlet, ''Touit batavicus'' *Red-fronted parrotlet, ''Touit costaricensis'' *Blue-fronted parrotlet, ''Touit dilectissimus'' *Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet, ''Touit huetii'' *Brown-hooded parrot, ''Pyrilia haematotis'' *Saffron-headed parrot, ''Pyrilia pyrilia'' *Blue-headed parrot, ''Pionus menstruus'' *White-crowned parrot, ''Pionus senilis'' *White-fronted parrot, ''Amazona albifrons'' *Yellow-lored parrot, ''Amazona xantholora'' *Cuban parrot, ''Amazona leucocephala'' *Yellow-billed parrot, ''Amazona collaria'' *Hispaniolan parrot, ''Amazona ventralis'' *Puerto Rican parrot, ''Amazona vittata'' *Black-billed parrot, ''Amazona agilis'' *Red-crowned parrot, ''Amazona viridigenalis'' *Lilac-crowned parrot, ''Amazona finschi'' *Red-lored parrot, ''Amazona autumnalis'' *Mealy parrot, ''Amazona farinosa'' *Yellow-headed parrot, ''Amazona oratrix'' *Yellow-naped parrot, ''Amazona auropalliata'' *Yellow-crowned parrot, ''Amazona ochrocephala'' *Red-necked parrot, ''Amazona arausiaca'' *St. Lucia parrot, ''Amazona versicolor'' *St. Vincent parrot, ''Amazona guildingii'' *Orange-winged parrot, ''Amazona amazonica'' *Imperial parrot, ''Amazona imperialis''

Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: parrot, Psittaculidae Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *Rose-ringed parakeet, ''Psittacula krameri'' (I) *Rosy-faced lovebird, ''Agapornis roseicollis'' (I)

Sapayoa

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sapayoidae The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks. *Sapayoa, ''Sapayoa aenigma''

Typical antbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thamnophilidae The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones. *Fasciated antshrike, ''Cymbilaimus lineatus'' *Great antshrike, ''Taraba major'' *Barred antshrike, ''Thamnophilus doliatus'' *Black antshrike, ''Thamnophilus nigriceps'' *Black-hooded antshrike, ''Thamnophilus bridgesi'' *Black-crowned antshrike, ''Thamnophilus atrinucha'' *Spiny-faced antshrike, ''Xenornis setifrons'' *Russet antshrike, ''Thamnistes anabatinus'' *Plain antvireo, ''Dysithamnus mentalis'' *Streak-crowned antvireo, ''Dysithamnus striaticeps'' *Spot-crowned antvireo, ''Dysithamnus puncticeps'' *Moustached antwren, ''Myrmotherula ignota'' *Pacific antwren, ''Myrmotherula pacifica'' *White-flanked antwren, ''Myrmotherula axillaris'' *Slaty antwren, ''Myrmotherula schisticolor'' *Checker-throated stipplethroat, ''Epinecrophylla fulviventris'' *Rufous-winged antwren, ''Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus'' *Dot-winged antwren, ''Microrhopias quixensis'' *White-fringed antwren, ''Formicivora grisea'' *Rufous-rumped antwren, ''Euchrepomis callinota'' *Dusky antbird, ''Cercomacroides tyrannina'' *Jet antbird, ''Cercomacra nigricans'' *Bare-crowned antbird, ''Gymnocichla nudiceps'' *Rusty-winged antwren, ''Herpsilochmus frater'' (A) *White-bellied antbird, ''Myrmeciza longipes'' *Zeledon's antbird, ''Hafferia zeledoni'' *Chestnut-backed antbird, ''Poliocrania exsul'' *Dull-mantled antbird, ''Sipia laemosticta'' *Spotted antbird, ''Hylophylax naevioides'' *Wing-banded antbird, ''Myrmornis torquata'' *Bicolored antbird, ''Gymnopithys leucaspis'' *Ocellated antbird, ''Phaenostictus mcleannani''

Gnateaters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Conopophagidae The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory. *Black-crowned antpitta, ''Pittasoma michleri''

Antpittas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Grallariidae Antpittas resemble the true pitta (bird), pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills. *Scaled antpitta, ''Grallaria guatimalensis'' *Streak-chested antpitta, ''Hylopezus perspicillatus'' *Thicket antpitta, ''Hylopezus dives'' *Ochre-breasted antpitta, ''Grallaricula flavirostris''

Tapaculos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhinocryptidae The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head. *Tacarcuna tapaculo, ''Scytalopus panamensis'' *Choco tapaculo, ''Scytalopus chocoensis'' *Silvery-fronted tapaculo, ''Scytalopus argentifrons''

Antthrushes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Formicariidae Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills. *Mayan antthrush, ''Formicarius moniliger'' *Black-faced antthrush, ''Formicarius analis'' *Black-headed antthrush, ''Formicarius nigricapillus'' *Rufous-breasted antthrush, ''Formicarius rufipectus''

Ovenbirds and woodcreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Furnariidae Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks. *Tawny-throated leaftosser, ''Sclerurus mexicanus'' *Gray-throated leaftosser, ''Sclerurus albigularis'' *Scaly-throated leaftosser, ''Sclerurus guatemalensis'' *Olivaceous woodcreeper, ''Sittasomus griseicapillus'' *Long-tailed woodcreeper, ''Deconychura longicauda'' *Ruddy woodcreeper, ''Dendrocincla homochroa'' *Tawny-winged woodcreeper, ''Dendrocincla anabatina'' *Plain-brown woodcreeper, ''Dendrocincla fuliginosa'' *Wedge-billed woodcreeper, ''Glyphorynchus spirurus'' *Northern barred-woodcreeper, ''Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae'' *Black-banded woodcreeper, ''Dendrocolaptes picumnus'' *Strong-billed woodcreeper, ''Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus'' *Cocoa woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus susurrans'' *Ivory-billed woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus flavigaster'' *Black-striped woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus'' *Spotted woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus erythropygius'' *Straight-billed woodcreeper, ''Dendroplex picus'' *Red-billed scythebill, ''Campylorhamphus trochilirostris'' *Brown-billed scythebill, ''Campylorhamphus pusillus'' *White-striped woodcreeper, ''Lepidocolaptes leucogaster'' *Streak-headed woodcreeper, ''Lepidocolaptes souleyetii'' *Spot-crowned woodcreeper, ''Lepidocolaptes affinis'' *Plain xenops, ''Xenops minutus'' *Streaked xenops, ''Xenops rutilans'' *Buffy tuftedcheek, ''Pseudocolaptes lawrencii'' *Sharp-tailed streamcreeper, ''Lochmias nematura'' *Slaty-winged foliage-gleaner, ''Philydor fuscipenne'' *Buff-fronted foliage-gleaner, ''Dendroma rufa'' *Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, ''Anabacerthia variegaticeps'' *Lineated foliage-gleaner, ''Syndactyla subalaris'' *Ruddy foliage-gleaner, ''Clibanornis rubiginosus'' *Streak-breasted treehunter, ''Thripadectes rufobrunneus'' *Buff-throated foliage-gleaner, ''Automolus ochrolaemus'' *Chiriqui foliage-gleaner, ''Automolus exsertus'' *Striped woodhaunter, ''Automolus subulatus'' *Spotted barbtail, ''Premnoplex brunnescens'' *Beautiful treerunner, ''Margarornis bellulus'' *Ruddy treerunner, ''Margarornis rubiginosus'' *Double-banded graytail, ''Xenerpestes minlosi'' *Red-faced spinetail, ''Cranioleuca erythrops'' *Coiba spinetail, ''Cranioleuca dissita'' *Pale-breasted spinetail, ''Synallaxis albescens'' *Slaty spinetail, ''Synallaxis brachyura'' *Rufous-breasted spinetail, ''Synallaxis erythrothorax''

Manakins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pipridae The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects. *Lance-tailed manakin, ''Chiroxiphia lanceolata'' *Long-tailed manakin, ''Chiroxiphia linearis'' *White-ruffed manakin, ''Corapipo altera'' *Green manakin, ''Cryptopipo holochlora'' *Velvety manakin, Blue-crowned manakin, ''Lepidothrix coronata'' *White-collared manakin, ''Manacus candei'' *Orange-collared manakin, ''Manacus aurantiacus'' *Golden-collared manakin, ''Manacus vitellinus'' *White-crowned manakin, ''Pseudopipra pipra'' *Red-capped manakin, ''Ceratopipra mentalis'' *Golden-headed manakin, ''Ceratopipra erythrocephala''

Cotingas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cotingidae The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles. *Purple-throated fruitcrow, ''Querula purpurata'' *Bare-necked umbrellabird, ''Cephalopterus glabricollis'' *Lovely cotinga, ''Cotinga amabilis'' *Turquoise cotinga, ''Cotinga ridgwayi'' *Blue cotinga, ''Cotinga nattererii'' *Rufous piha, ''Lipaugus unirufus'' *Three-wattled bellbird, ''Procnias tricarunculatus'' *Black-tipped cotinga, ''Carpodectes hopkei'' *Yellow-billed cotinga, ''Carpodectes antoniae'' *Snowy cotinga, ''Carpodectes nitidus''

Tityras and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tityridae Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. *Northern schiffornis, ''Schiffornis veraepacis'' *Russet-winged schiffornis, ''Schiffornis stenorhyncha'' *Speckled mourner, ''Laniocera rufescens'' *Masked tityra, ''Tityra semifasciata'' *Black-crowned tityra, ''Tityra inquisitor'' *Barred becard, ''Pachyramphus versicolor'' *Cinereous becard, ''Pachyramphus rufus'' *Cinnamon becard, ''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus'' *White-winged becard, ''Pachyramphus polychopterus'' *Black-and-white becard, ''Pachyramphus albogriseus'' *Gray-collared becard, ''Pachyramphus major'' *Rose-throated becard, ''Pachyramphus aglaiae'' *One-colored becard, ''Pachyramphus homochrous'' *Jamaican becard, ''Pachyramphus niger''

Sharpbill

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oxyruncidae The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects. *Sharpbill, ''Oxyruncus cristatus''

Royal flycatcher and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Onychorhynchidae The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae. * Northern royal flycatcher, Royal flycatcher, ''Onychorhynchus coronatus'' * Ruddy-tailed flycatcher, ''Terenotriccus erythrurus'' * Tawny-breasted flycatcher, ''Myiobius villosus'' * Sulphur-rumped flycatcher, ''Myiobius sulphureipygius'' * Black-tailed flycatcher, ''Myiobius atricaudus''

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. *Grey-headed piprites, Gray-headed piprites, ''Piprites griseiceps'' *Stub-tailed spadebill, ''Platyrinchus cancrominus'' *White-throated spadebill, ''Platyrinchus mystaceus'' *Golden-crowned spadebill, ''Platyrinchus coronatus'' *Olive-striped flycatcher, ''Mionectes olivaceus'' *Ochre-bellied flycatcher, ''Mionectes oleagineus'' *Sepia-capped flycatcher, ''Leptopogon amaurocephalus'' *Slaty-capped flycatcher, ''Leptopogon superciliaris'' *Yellow-green tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes flavovirens'' *Rufous-browed tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes superciliaris'' *Bronze-olive pygmy-tyrant, ''Pseudotriccus pelzelni'' *Black-capped pygmy-tyrant, ''Myiornis atricapillus'' *Scale-crested pygmy-tyrant, ''Lophotriccus pileatus'' *Pale-eyed pygmy-tyrant, ''Lophotriccus pilaris'' *Northern bentbill, ''Oncostoma cinereigulare'' *Southern bentbill, ''Oncostoma olivaceum'' *Slate-headed tody-flycatcher, ''Poecilotriccus sylvia'' *Common tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum cinereum'' *Black-headed tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum nigriceps'' *Brownish twistwing, ''Cnipodectes subbrunneus'' *Eye-ringed flatbill, ''Rhynchocyclus brevirostris'' *Olivaceous flatbill, ''Rhynchocyclus olivaceus'' *Yellow-olive flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias sulphurescens'' *Yellow-margined flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias assimilis'' *Yellow-breasted flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias flaviventris'' *Yellow-bellied tyrannulet, ''Ornithion semiflavum'' *Brown-capped tyrannulet, ''Ornithion brunneicapillus'' *Northern beardless-tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma imberbe'' *Southern beardless-tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma obsoletum'' *Cocos flycatcher, ''Nesotriccus ridgwayi'' *Mouse-colored tyrannulet, ''Nesotriccus murinus'' *Yellow tyrannulet, ''Capsiempis flaveola'' *Yellow-crowned tyrannulet, ''Tyrannulus elatus'' *Forest elaenia, ''Myiopagis gaimardii'' *Grey elaenia, Gray elaenia, ''Myiopagis caniceps'' *Jamaican elaenia, ''Myiopagis cotta'' *Greenish elaenia, ''Myiopagis viridicata'' *Caribbean elaenia, ''Elaenia martinica'' *Small-billed elaenia, ''Elaenia parvirostris'' *Yellow-bellied elaenia, ''Elaenia flavogaster'' *White-crested elaenia, ''Elaenia albiceps'' (A) *Lesser elaenia, ''Elaenia chiriquensis'' *Mountain elaenia, ''Elaenia frantzii'' *Greater Antillean elaenia, ''Elaenia fallax'' *Torrent tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga cinerea'' *White-fronted tyrannulet, Rough-legged tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias burmeisteri'' *Sooty-headed tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias griseiceps'' *Guatemalan tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius vilissimus'' *Mistletoe tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius parvus'' *Bright-rumped attila, ''Attila spadiceus'' *Choco sirystes, ''Sirystes albogriseus'' *Rufous mourner, ''Rhytipterna holerythra'' *Yucatan flycatcher, ''Myiarchus yucatanensis'' *Sad flycatcher, ''Myiarchus barbirostris'' *Dusky-capped flycatcher, ''Myiarchus tuberculifer'' *Panama flycatcher, ''Myiarchus panamensis'' *Ash-throated flycatcher, ''Myiarchus cinerascens'' *Nutting's flycatcher, ''Myiarchus nuttingi'' *Great crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus crinitus'' *Brown-crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus tyrannulus'' *Grenada flycatcher, ''Myiarchus nugator'' *Rufous-tailed flycatcher, ''Myiarchus validus'' *La Sagra's flycatcher, ''Myiarchus sagrae'' *Stolid flycatcher, ''Myiarchus stolidus'' *Puerto Rican flycatcher, ''Myiarchus antillarum'' *Lesser Antillean flycatcher, ''Myiarchus oberi'' *Flammulated flycatcher, ''Ramphotrigon flammulatum'' *Lesser kiskadee, ''Philohydor lictor'' *Great kiskadee, ''Pitangus sulphuratus'' *Cattle tyrant, ''Machetornis rixosa'' *Boat-billed flycatcher, ''Megarynchus pitangua'' *Rusty-margined flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes cayanensis'' *Social flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes similis'' *Grey-capped flycatcher, Gray-capped flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes granadensis'' *White-ringed flycatcher, ''Conopias albovittatus'' *Golden-bellied flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes hemichrysus'' *Golden-crowned flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes chrysocephalus'' *Streaked flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes maculatus'' *Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes luteiventris'' *Piratic flycatcher, ''Legatus leucophaius'' *Variegated flycatcher, ''Empidonomus varius'' (A) *Crowned slaty flycatcher, ''Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus'' (A) *Tropical kingbird, ''Tyrannus melancholicus'' *Couch's kingbird, ''Tyrannus couchii'' *Cassin's kingbird, ''Tyrannus vociferans'' *Thick-billed kingbird, ''Tyrannus crassirostris'' *Western kingbird, ''Tyrannus verticalis'' *Eastern kingbird, ''Tyrannus tyrannus'' *Grey kingbird, Gray kingbird, ''Tyrannus dominicensis'' *Loggerhead kingbird, ''Tyrannus caudifasciatus'' *Giant kingbird, ''Tyrannus cubensis'' *Scissor-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus forficatus'' *Fork-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus savana'' *Bran-colored flycatcher, ''Myiophobus fasciatus'' *Euler's flycatcher, ''Lathrotriccus euleri'' (ssp. ''johnstonei'': ) *Tawny-chested flycatcher, ''Aphanotriccus capitalis'' *Black-billed flycatcher, ''Aphanotriccus audax'' *Belted flycatcher, ''Xenotriccus callizonus'' *Pileated flycatcher, ''Xenotriccus mexicanus'' *Tufted flycatcher, ''Mitrephanes phaeocercus'' *Olive-sided flycatcher, ''Contopus cooperi'' *Greater pewee, ''Contopus pertinax'' *Dark pewee, ''Contopus lugubris'' *Ochraceous pewee, ''Contopus ochraceus'' *Western wood-pewee, ''Contopus sordidulus'' *Eastern wood-pewee, ''Contopus virens'' *Tropical pewee, ''Contopus cinereus'' *Cuban pewee, ''Contopus caribaeus'' *Jamaican pewee, ''Contopus pallidus'' *Hispaniolan pewee, ''Contopus hispaniolensis'' *Lesser Antillean pewee, ''Contopus latirostris'' *Yellow-bellied flycatcher, ''Empidonax flaviventris'' *Acadian flycatcher, ''Empidonax virescens'' *Alder flycatcher, ''Empidonax alnorum'' *Willow flycatcher, ''Empidonax traillii'' (ssp. ''extimus'': ) *White-throated flycatcher, ''Empidonax albigularis'' *Least flycatcher, ''Empidonax minimus'' *Hammond's flycatcher, ''Empidonax hammondii'' *American gray flycatcher, Gray flycatcher, ''Empidonax wrightii'' *American dusky flycatcher, Dusky flycatcher, ''Empidonax oberholseri'' *Pine flycatcher, ''Empidonax affinis'' *Pacific-slope flycatcher, ''Empidonax difficilis'' *Cordilleran flycatcher, ''Empidonax occidentalis'' *Yellowish flycatcher, ''Empidonax flavescens'' *Buff-breasted flycatcher, ''Empidonax fulvifrons'' *Black-capped flycatcher, ''Empidonax atriceps'' *Black phoebe, ''Sayornis nigricans'' *Eastern phoebe, ''Sayornis phoebe'' *Say's phoebe, ''Sayornis saya'' *Vermilion flycatcher, ''Pyrocephalus rubinus'' *Pied water-tyrant, ''Fluvicola pica'' *Northern scrub-flycatcher, ''Sublegatus arenarum'' *Long-tailed tyrant, ''Colonia colonus''

Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey. *Brown shrike, ''Lanius cristatus'' (A) *Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' (A) *Loggerhead shrike, ''Lanius ludovicianus'' (ssp. ''mearnsi'': ) *Northern shrike, ''Lanius excubitor''

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. *Rufous-browed peppershrike, ''Cyclarhis gujanensis'' *Scrub greenlet, ''Hylophilus flavipes'' *Chestnut-sided shrike-vireo, ''Vireolanius melitophrys'' *Green shrike-vireo, ''Vireolanius pulchellus'' *Yellow-browed shrike-vireo, ''Vireolanius eximius'' *Tawny-crowned greenlet, ''Tunchiornis ochraceiceps'' *Lesser greenlet, ''Pachysylvia decurtata'' *Golden-fronted greenlet, ''Pachysylvia aurantiifrons'' *Golden vireo, ''Vireo hypochryseus'' *Blue Mountain vireo, ''Vireo osburni'' *Slaty vireo, ''Vireo brevipennis'' *Black-capped vireo, ''Vireo atricapilla'' *Dwarf vireo, ''Vireo nelsoni'' *White-eyed vireo, ''Vireo griseus'' *Thick-billed vireo, ''Vireo crassirostris'' *Mangrove vireo, ''Vireo pallens'' *Cozumel vireo, ''Vireo bairdi'' *San Andres vireo, ''Vireo caribaeus'' *Jamaican vireo, ''Vireo modestus'' *Cuban vireo, ''Vireo gundlachii'' *Puerto Rican vireo, ''Vireo latimeri'' *Flat-billed vireo, ''Vireo nanus'' *Bell's vireo, ''Vireo bellii'' (Least Bell's vireo ''V. b. pusillus'': ) *Gray vireo, ''Vireo vicinior'' *Hutton's vireo, ''Vireo huttoni'' *Yellow-throated vireo, ''Vireo flavifrons'' *Yellow-winged vireo, ''Vireo carmioli'' *Cassin's vireo, ''Vireo cassinii'' *Blue-headed vireo, ''Vireo solitarius'' *Plumbeous vireo, ''Vireo plumbeus'' *Philadelphia vireo, ''Vireo philadelphicus'' *Warbling vireo, ''Vireo gilvus'' *Brown-capped vireo, ''Vireo leucophrys'' *Red-eyed vireo, ''Vireo olivaceus'' *Yellow-green vireo, ''Vireo flavoviridis'' *Black-whiskered vireo, ''Vireo altiloquus'' *Yucatan vireo, ''Vireo magister''

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *Canada jay, ''Perisoreus canadensis'' *White-throated jay, ''Cyanolyca mirabilis'' *Dwarf jay, ''Cyanolyca nana'' *Black-throated jay, ''Cyanolyca pumilo'' *Silvery-throated jay, ''Cyanolyca argentigula'' *Azure-hooded jay, ''Cyanolyca cucullata'' *Black-throated magpie-jay, ''Calocitta colliei'' *White-throated magpie-jay, ''Calocitta formosa'' *Brown jay, ''Psilorhinus morio'' *Tufted jay, ''Cyanocorax dickeyi'' *Black-chested jay, ''Cyanocorax affinis'' *Green jay, ''Cyanocorax yncas'' *Bushy-crested jay, ''Cyanocorax melanocyaneus'' *San Blas jay, ''Cyanocorax sanblasianus'' *Yucatan jay, ''Cyanocorax yucatanicus'' *Purplish-backed jay, ''Cyanocorax beecheii'' *Pinyon jay, ''Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus'' *Steller's jay, ''Cyanocitta stelleri'' *Blue jay, ''Cyanocitta cristata'' *Florida scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma coerulescens'' *Island scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma insularis'' *California scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma californica'' *Woodhouse's scrub-jay, ''Aphelocoma woodhouseii'' *Transvolcanic jay, ''Aphelocoma ultramarina'' *Mexican jay, ''Aphelocoma wollweberi'' *Unicolored jay, ''Aphelocoma unicolor'' *Clark's nutcracker, ''Nucifraga columbiana'' *Black-billed magpie, ''Pica hudsonia'' *Yellow-billed magpie, ''Pica nuttalli'' *Eurasian jackdaw, ''Corvus monedula'' (A) *Rook (bird), Rook, ''Corvus frugilegus'' (A) *American crow, ''Corvus brachyrhynchos'' *Palm crow, ''Corvus palmarum'' *Cuban crow, ''Corvus nasicus'' *White-necked crow, ''Corvus leucognaphalus'' *Hooded crow, ''Corvus cornix'' (A) *Jamaican crow, ''Corvus jamaicensis'' *Tamaulipas crow, ''Corvus imparatus'' *Sinaloa crow, ''Corvus sinaloae'' *House crow, ''Corvus splendens'' (A) *Fish crow, ''Corvus ossifragus'' *Chihuahuan raven, ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' *Common raven, ''Corvus corax''

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Eurasian skylark, ''Alauda arvensis'' *Horned lark, ''Eremophila alpestris'' (''E. a. strigata'' )

Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' *Tree swallow, ''Tachycineta bicolor'' *Bahama swallow, ''Tachycineta cyaneoviridis'' *Violet-green swallow, ''Tachycineta thalassina'' *Golden swallow, ''Tachycineta euchrysea'' *Mangrove swallow, ''Tachycineta albilinea'' *Black-capped swallow, ''Atticora pileata'' *White-thighed swallow, ''Atticora tibialis'' *Blue-and-white swallow, ''Pygochelidon cyanoleuca'' *Northern rough-winged swallow, ''Stelgidopteryx serripennis'' *Southern rough-winged swallow, ''Stelgidopteryx ruficollis'' *Brown-chested martin, ''Progne tapera'' *Purple martin, ''Progne subis'' *Southern martin, ''Progne elegans'' *Gray-breasted martin, ''Progne chalybea'' *Sinaloa martin, ''Progne sinaloae'' *Cuban martin, ''Progne cryptoleuca'' *Caribbean martin, ''Progne dominicensis'' *Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica'' *Common house-martin, ''Delichon urbicum'' (A) *American cliff swallow, Cliff swallow, ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'' *Cave swallow, ''Petrochelidon fulva''

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *Carolina chickadee, ''Poecile carolinensis'' *Black-capped chickadee, ''Poecile atricapillus'' *Mountain chickadee, ''Poecile gambeli'' *Mexican chickadee, ''Poecile sclateri'' *Chestnut-backed chickadee, ''Poecile rufescens'' *Boreal chickadee, ''Poecile hudsonicus'' *Gray-headed chickadee, ''Poecile cinctus'' *Bridled titmouse, ''Baeolophus wollweberi'' *Oak titmouse, ''Baeolophus inornatus'' *Juniper titmouse, ''Baeolophus ridgwayi'' *Tufted titmouse, ''Baeolophus bicolor'' *Black-crested titmouse, ''Baeolophus atricristatus''

Penduline-tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae The penduline-tits are a family of small perching bird, passerine birds, related to the true tit (bird), tits. The verdin is the only North American representative of its family. *Verdin, ''Auriparus flaviceps''

Long-tailed tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae The long-tailed tits are a family of small perching bird, passerine birds. Their plumage is typically dull gray or brown in color. There is only one North American representative of this primarily Palearctic family. *American bushtit, Bushtit, ''Psaltriparus minimus''

Nuthatches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. *Red-breasted nuthatch, ''Sitta canadensis'' *White-breasted nuthatch, ''Sitta carolinensis'' *Pygmy nuthatch, ''Sitta pygmaea'' *Brown-headed nuthatch, ''Sitta pusilla'' *Bahama nuthatch, ''Sitta insularis''

Treecreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. *Brown creeper, ''Certhia americana''

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. *Rock wren, ''Salpinctes obsoletus'' *Northern nightingale-wren, Nightingale wren, ''Microcerculus philomela'' *Scaly-breasted wren, ''Microcerculus marginatus'' *Canyon wren, ''Catherpes mexicanus'' *Sumichrast's wren, ''Hylorchilus sumichrasti'' *Nava's wren, ''Hylorchilus navai'' *Zapata wren, ''Ferminia cerverai'' *House wren, ''Troglodytes aedon'' (Guadeloupe wren ''T. a. guadeloupensis'' and Saint Lucia wren ''T. a. mesoleucus'': ) *Socorro wren, ''Troglodytes sissonii'' *Clarión wren, ''Troglodytes tanneri'' *Rufous-browed wren, ''Troglodytes rufociliatus'' *Ochraceous wren, ''Troglodytes ochraceus'' *Pacific wren, ''Troglodytes pacificus'' *Winter wren, ''Troglodytes hiemalis'' *Timberline wren, ''Thryorchilus browni'' *Sedge wren, ''Cistothorus stellaris'' *Grass wren, ''Cistothorus platensis'' *Marsh wren, ''Cistothorus palustris'' *Carolina wren, ''Thryothorus ludovicianus'' *Bewick's wren, ''Thryomanes bewickii'' *White-headed wren, ''Campylorhynchus albobrunneus'' *Band-backed wren, ''Campylorhynchus zonatus'' *Gray-barred wren, ''Campylorhynchus megalopterus'' *Giant wren, ''Campylorhynchus chiapensis'' *Bicolored wren, ''Campylorhynchus griseus'' *Rufous-naped wren, ''Campylorhynchus rufinucha'' *Spotted wren, ''Campylorhynchus gularis'' *Boucard's wren, ''Campylorhynchus jocosus'' *Yucatan wren, ''Campylorhynchus yucatanicus'' *Cactus wren, ''Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus'' *Sooty-headed wren, ''Pheugopedius spadix'' *Black-throated wren, ''Pheugopedius atrogularis'' *Rufous-breasted wren, ''Pheugopedius rutilus'' *Spot-breasted wren, ''Pheugopedius maculipectus'' *Happy wren, ''Pheugopedius felix'' *Black-bellied wren, ''Pheugopedius fasciatoventris'' *Rufous-and-white wren, ''Thryophilus rufalbus'' *Sinaloa wren ''Thryophilus sinaloa'' *Banded wren, ''Thryophilus pleurostictus'' *Stripe-throated wren, ''Cantorchilus leucopogon'' *Stripe-breasted wren, ''Cantorchilus thoracicus'' *Cabanis's wren, ''Cantorchilus modestus'' *Canebrake wren, ''Cantorchilus zeledoni'' *Isthmian wren, ''Cantorchilus elutus'' *Bay wren, ''Cantorchilus nigricapillus'' *Riverside wren, ''Cantorchilus semibadius'' *Buff-breasted wren, ''Cantorchilus leucotis'' *White-bellied wren, ''Uropsila leucogastra'' *White-breasted wood-wren, ''Henicorhina leucosticta'' *Grey-breasted wood wren, Gray-breasted wood-wren, ''Henicorhina leucophrys'' *Song wren, ''Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus''

Gnatcatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees. *Tawny-faced gnatwren, ''Microbates cinereiventris'' *Long-billed gnatwren, ''Ramphocaenus melanurus'' *Blue-gray gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila caerulea'' *Cuban gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila lembeyei'' *California gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila californica'' (ssp. ''californica'': ) *Black-tailed gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila melanura'' *Black-capped gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila nigriceps'' *White-lored gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila albiloris'' *Yucatan gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila albiventris'' *White-browed gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila bilineata'' *Slate-throated gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila schistaceigula''

Dippers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater. *American dipper, ''Cinclus mexicanus''

Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: bulbul, Pycnonotidae The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs. *Red-whiskered bulbul ''Pycnonotus jocosus'' (I)

Kinglets

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus ''Regulus''. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name. *Golden-crowned kinglet, ''Regulus satrapa'' *Ruby-crowned kinglet, ''Corthylio calendula''

Leaf warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors. *Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' (A) *Common chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus collybita'' (A) *Wood warbler, ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' (A) *Dusky warbler, ''Phylloscopus fuscatus'' (A) *Pallas's leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus proregulus'' (A) *Yellow-browed warbler, ''Phylloscopus inornatus'' (A) *Arctic warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealis'' *Kamchatka leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus examinandus'' (A)

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. *Eurasian blackcap, ''Sylvia atricapilla'' (A) *Lesser whitethroat, ''Sylvia curruca'' (A) *Wrentit, ''Chamaea fasciata''

Reed warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *Thick-billed warbler, ''Arundinax aedon'' (A) *Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' (A) *Blyth's reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A)

Donacobius

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Donacobiidae The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay *Black-capped donacobius, ''Donacobius atricapilla''

Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes ochotensis'' (A) *Pallas's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes certhiola'' (A) *Lanceolated warbler, ''Locustella lanceolata'' (A) *River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis'' (A)

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae This a large family of small passerine birds found mostly in the Old World. All but two of the species below occur in North America only as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *Gray-streaked flycatcher, ''Muscicapa griseisticta'' (A) *Asian brown flycatcher, ''Muscicapa dauurica'' (A) *Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata'' (A) *Dark-sided flycatcher, ''Muscicapa sibirica'' (A) *European robin, ''Erithacus rubecula'' (A) *Siberian blue robin, ''Larvivora cyane'' (A) *Rufous-tailed robin, ''Larvivora sibilans'' (A) *Bluethroat, ''Cyanecula svecica'' *Siberian rubythroat, ''Calliope calliope'' (A) *Red-flanked bluetail, ''Tarsiger cyanurus'' (A) *Narcissus flycatcher, ''Ficedula narcissina'' (A) *Mugimaki flycatcher, ''Ficedula mugimaki'' (A) *Taiga flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicilla'' (A) *Common redstart, ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' (A) *Siberian stonechat, ''Saxicola maurus'' (A) *Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' *Pied wheatear, ''Oenanthe pleschanka'' (A)

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *Eastern bluebird, ''Sialia sialis'' *Western bluebird, ''Sialia mexicana'' *Mountain bluebird, ''Sialia currucoides'' *Townsend's solitaire, ''Myadestes townsendi'' *Brown-backed solitaire, ''Myadestes occidentalis'' *Cuban solitaire, ''Myadestes elisabeth'' *Rufous-throated solitaire, ''Myadestes genibarbis'' *Black-faced solitaire, ''Myadestes melanops'' *Varied solitaire, ''Myadestes coloratus'' *Slate-colored solitaire, ''Myadestes unicolor'' *White's thrush, ''Zoothera aurea'' (A) *Black-billed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus gracilirostris'' *Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus aurantiirostris'' *Slaty-backed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus fuscater'' *Russet nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus occidentalis'' *Ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus frantzii'' *Black-headed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus mexicanus'' *Yellow-throated nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus dryas'' *Veery, ''Catharus fuscescens'' *Gray-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus'' *Bicknell's thrush, ''Catharus bicknelli'' *Swainson's thrush, ''Catharus ustulatus'' *Hermit thrush, ''Catharus guttatus'' *Wood thrush, ''Hylocichla mustelina'' *Mistle Thrush, ''Turdus viscivorus'' (A) *Common blackbird, Eurasian blackbird, ''Turdus merula'' (A) *Eyebrowed thrush, ''Turdus obscurus'' *Dusky thrush, ''Turdus eunomus'' (A) *Naumann's thrush, ''Turdus naumanni'' (A) *Fieldfare, ''Turdus pilaris'' *Redwing, ''Turdus iliacus'' *Song thrush, ''Turdus philomelos'' (A) *Sooty thrush, ''Turdus nigrescens'' *Black thrush, ''Turdus infuscatus'' *Mountain thrush, ''Turdus plebejus'' *Cocoa thrush, ''Turdus fumigatus'' *Pale-vented thrush, ''Turdus obsoletus'' *Clay-colored thrush, ''Turdus grayi'' *Spectacled thrush, ''Turdus nudigenis'' *White-eyed thrush, ''Turdus jamaicensis'' *White-throated thrush, ''Turdus assimilis'' *Rufous-backed robin, ''Turdus rufopalliatus'' *Rufous-collared robin, ''Turdus rufitorques'' *American robin, ''Turdus migratorius'' *La Selle thrush, ''Turdus swalesi'' *White-chinned thrush, ''Turdus aurantius'' *Grand Cayman thrush, ''Turdus ravidus'' (E) *Red-legged thrush, ''Turdus plumbeus'' *Forest thrush, ''Cichlherminia lherminieri'' (ssp. ''sanctaeluciae'': ) *Varied thrush, ''Ixoreus naevius'' *Aztec thrush, ''Ridgwayia pinicola''

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. *Blue mockingbird, ''Melanotis caerulescens'' *Blue-and-white mockingbird, ''Melanotis hypoleucus'' *Black catbird, ''Melanoptila glabrirostris'' *Gray catbird, ''Dumetella carolinensis'' *White-breasted thrasher, ''Ramphocinclus brachyurus'' *Scaly-breasted thrasher, ''Allenia fusca'' *Pearly-eyed thrasher, ''Margarops fuscatus'' *Brown trembler, ''Cinclocerthia ruficauda'' (ssp. ''gutturalis'': ) *Grey trembler, Gray trembler, ''Cinclocerthia gutturalis'' *Curve-billed thrasher, ''Toxostoma curvirostre'' *Ocellated thrasher, ''Toxostoma ocellatum'' *Brown thrasher, ''Toxostoma rufum'' *Long-billed thrasher, ''Toxostoma longirostre'' *Cozumel thrasher, ''Toxostoma guttatum'' *Bendire's thrasher, ''Toxostoma bendirei'' *Gray thrasher, ''Toxostoma cinereum'' *California thrasher, ''Toxostoma redivivum'' *LeConte's thrasher, ''Toxostoma lecontei'' *Crissal thrasher, ''Toxostoma crissale'' *Sage thrasher, ''Oreoscoptes montanus'' *Bahama mockingbird, ''Mimus gundlachii'' *Socorro mockingbird, ''Mimus graysoni'' *Tropical mockingbird, ''Mimus gilvus'' *Northern mockingbird, ''Mimus polyglottos''

Starlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen. *European starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris'' (I) *Common myna, ''Acridotheres tristis'' (I)

Waxwings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. *Bohemian waxwing, ''Bombycilla garrulus'' *Cedar waxwing, ''Bombycilla cedrorum''

Silky-flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ptiliogonatidae The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in

. They are related to waxwings, and like that group, have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow. *Black-and-yellow silky-flycatcher, ''Phainoptila melanoxantha'' *Gray silky-flycatcher, ''Ptiliogonys cinereus'' *Long-tailed silky-flycatcher, ''Ptiliogonys caudatus'' *Phainopepla, ''Phainopepla nitens''

Palmchat

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dulidae The palmchat is the only member of its family. Its name indicates its strong association with palms for feeding, roosting, and nesting. *Palmchat, ''Dulus dominicus''

Olive warbler

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Peucedramidae The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formally classified with the Parulidae, but DNA studies warrant its classification in a distinct family. *Olive warbler, ''Peucedramus taeniatus''

Accentors

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. They are endemic to the Palearctic and only appear in North America as a vagrant. *Siberian accentor, ''Prunella montanella'' (A)

Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, though some species show variation in color only in the breeding season. *Village weaver, ''Ploceus cucullatus'' (I) *Northern red bishop, ''Euplectes franciscanus'' (I) *Yellow-crowned bishop, ''Euplectes afer'' (I)

Indigobirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches *Pin-tailed whydah, ''Vidua macroura'' (I)

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae The estrildid finches are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. *Orange-cheeked waxbill, ''Estrilda melpoda'' (I) *Black-rumped waxbill, ''Estrilda troglodytes'' (I) *Common waxbill, ''Estrilda astrild'' (I) *Red avadavat, ''Amandava amandava'' (I) *Bronze mannikin, ''Spermestes cucullata'' (I) *Indian silverbill, ''Euodice malabarica'' (I) *African silverbill, ''Euodice cantans'' (I) *Java sparrow, ''Padda oryzivora'' (I) *Scaly-breasted munia, ''Lonchura punctulata'' (I) *Tricolored munia, ''Lonchura malacca'' (I) *Chestnut munia, ''Lonchura atricapilla'' (I)

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus'' (I) *Eurasian tree sparrow, ''Passer montanus'' (I)

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. *Eastern yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla tschutschensis'' *Citrine wagtail, ''Motacilla citreola'' (A) *Gray wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea'' (A) *White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba'' *Tree pipit, ''Anthus trivialis'' (A) *Olive-backed pipit, ''Anthus hodgsoni'' (A) *Pechora pipit, ''Anthus gustavi'' (A) *Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus'' *American pipit, ''Anthus rubescens'' *Meadow pipit, ''Anthus pratensis'' *Sprague's pipit, ''Anthus spragueii'' *Yellowish pipit, ''Anthus chii''

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. *Common chaffinch, ''Fringilla coelebs'' (A) *Brambling, ''Fringilla montifringilla'' *Yellow-collared chlorophonia, ''Chlorophonia flavirostris'' (A) *Blue-crowned chlorophonia, ''Chlorophonia occipitalis'' *Golden-browed chlorophonia, ''Chlorophonia callophrys'' *Jamaican euphonia, ''Euphonia jamaica'' *Scrub euphonia, ''Euphonia affinis'' *West Mexican euphonia, ''Euphonia godmani'' *Yellow-crowned euphonia, ''Euphonia luteicapilla'' *Thick-billed euphonia, ''Euphonia laniirostris'' *Yellow-throated euphonia, ''Euphonia hirundinacea'' *Fulvous-vented euphonia, ''Euphonia fulvicrissa'' *Spot-crowned euphonia, ''Euphonia imitans'' *Olive-backed euphonia, ''Euphonia gouldi'' *White-vented euphonia, ''Euphonia minuta'' *Tawny-capped euphonia, ''Euphonia anneae'' *Orange-bellied euphonia, ''Euphonia xanthogaster'' *Antillean euphonia, ''Chlorophonia musica'' *Elegant euphonia, ''Chlorophonia elegantissima'' *Hooded grosbeak, ''Coccothraustes abeillei'' *Evening grosbeak, ''Coccothraustes vespertinus'' *Hawfinch, ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' (A) *Common rosefinch, ''Carpodacus erythrinus'' *Pallas's rosefinch, ''Carpodacus roseus'' (A) *Pine grosbeak, ''Pinicola enucleator'' *Eurasian bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'' (A) *Asian rosy finch, Asian rosy-finch, (A) ''Leucosticte arctoa'' *Gray-crowned rosy finch, Gray-crowned rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte tephrocotis'' *Black rosy finch, Black rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte atrata'' *Brown-capped rosy finch, Brown-capped rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte australis'' *House finch, ''Haemorhous mexicanus'' *Purple finch, ''Haemorhous purpureus'' *Cassin's finch, ''Haemorhous cassinii'' *Oriental greenfinch, ''Chloris sinica'' (A) *Yellow-fronted canary, ''Crithagra mozambicus'' (I) *Common redpoll, ''Acanthis flammea'' *Lesser redpoll, ''Acanthis cabaret'' (A) *Hoary redpoll, ''Acanthis hornemanni'' *Red crossbill, ''Loxia curvirostra'' *Cassia crossbill, ''Loxia sinesciuris'' *Hispaniolan crossbill, ''Loxia megaplaga'' *White-winged crossbill, ''Loxia leucoptera'' *European goldfinch, ''Carduelis carduelis'' (I) *Eurasian siskin, ''Spinus spinus'' (A) *Pine siskin, ''Spinus pinus'' *Black-capped siskin, ''Spinus atriceps'' *Black-headed siskin, ''Spinus notata'' *Yellow-bellied siskin, ''Spinus xanthogastra'' *Red siskin, ''Spinus cucullata'' (I) *Antillean siskin, ''Spinus dominicensis'' *Lesser goldfinch, ''Spinus psaltria'' *Lawrence's goldfinch, ''Spinus lawrencei'' *American goldfinch, ''Spinus tristis'' *Atlantic canary, Island canary, ''Serinus canaria'' (I)

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that have been traditionally grouped with the Emberizeridae (New World sparrows), but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. *Lapland longspur, ''Calcarius lapponicus'' *Chestnut-collared longspur, ''Calcarius ornatus'' *Smith's longspur, ''Calcarius pictus'' *Thick-billed longspur, ''Rhynchophanes mccownii'' *Snow bunting, ''Plectrophenax nivalis'' *McKay's bunting, ''Plectrophenax hyperboreus''

Thrush-tanager

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhodinocichlidae This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017. *Rosy thrush-tanager, ''Rhodinocichla rosea''

Old World buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family. *Pine bunting, ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' (A) *Yellow-browed bunting, ''Emberiza chrysophrys'' (A) *Little bunting, ''Emberiza pusilla'' (A) *Rustic bunting, ''Emberiza rustica'' *Yellow-throated bunting, ''Emberiza elegans'' (A) *Yellow-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza aureola'' (A) *Gray bunting, ''Emberiza variabilis'' (A) *Pallas's bunting, ''Emberiza pallasi'' (A) *Reed bunting, ''Emberiza schoeniclus'' (A)

New World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. *Yellow-throated chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus flavigularis'' *Ashy-throated chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus canigularis'' *Sooty-capped chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus pileatus'' *Common chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus flavopectus'' *Tacarcuna chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus tacarcunae'' *Pirre chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus inornatus'' *Rufous-winged sparrow, ''Peucaea carpalis'' *Cinnamon-tailed sparrow, ''Peucaea sumichrasti'' *Stripe-headed sparrow, ''Peucaea ruficauda'' *Black-chested sparrow, ''Peucaea humeralis'' *Bridled sparrow, ''Peucaea mystacalis'' *Botteri's sparrow, ''Peucaea botterii'' *Cassin's sparrow, ''Peucaea cassinii'' *Bachman's sparrow, ''Peucaea aestivalis'' *Grasshopper sparrow, ''Ammodramus savannarum'' (ssp. ''floridanus'': ) *Olive sparrow, ''Arremonops rufivirgatus'' *Green-backed sparrow, ''Arremonops chloronotus'' *Black-striped sparrow, ''Arremonops conirostris'' *Five-striped sparrow, ''Amphispizopsis quinquestriata'' *Black-throated sparrow, ''Amphispiza bilineata'' *Lark sparrow, ''Chondestes grammacus'' *Lark bunting, ''Calamospiza melanocorys'' *Chipping sparrow, ''Spizella passerina'' *Clay-colored sparrow, ''Spizella pallida'' *Black-chinned sparrow, ''Spizella atrogularis'' *Field sparrow, ''Spizella pusilla'' *Brewer's sparrow, ''Spizella breweri'' *Worthen's sparrow, ''Spizella wortheni'' *Costa Rican brushfinch, ''Arremon costaricensis'' *Black-headed brushfinch, ''Arremon atricapillus'' *Orange-billed sparrow, ''Arremon aurantiirostris'' *Green-striped brushfinch, ''Arremon virenticeps'' *Chestnut-capped brushfinch ''Arremon brunneinucha'' *Sooty-faced finch, ''Arremon crassirostris'' *Fox sparrow, ''Passerella iliaca'' *American tree sparrow, ''Spizelloides arborea'' *Volcano junco, ''Junco vulcani'' *Guadalupe junco, ''Junco insularis'' *Dark-eyed junco, ''Junco hyemalis'' *Yellow-eyed junco, ''Junco phaeonotus'' *Baird's junco, ''Junco bairdi'' *Rufous-collared sparrow, ''Zonotrichia capensis'' *White-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' *Golden-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia atricapilla'' *Harris's sparrow, ''Zonotrichia querula'' *White-throated sparrow, ''Zonotrichia albicollis'' *Sagebrush sparrow, ''Artemisiospiza nevadensis'' *Bell's sparrow, ''Artemisiospiza belli'' (ssp. ''clementeae'': ) *Striped sparrow, ''Oriturus superciliosus'' *Vesper sparrow, ''Pooecetes gramineus'' *Le Conte's sparrow, ''Ammospiza leconteii'' *Seaside sparrow, ''Ammospiza maritima'' (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis, Cape Sable seaside sparrow ''A. m. mirabilis'': ) *Nelson's sparrow, ''Ammospiza nelsoni'' *Saltmarsh sparrow, ''Ammospiza caudacuta'' *Baird's sparrow, ''Centronyx bairdii'' *Henslow's sparrow, ''Centronyx henslowii'' *Savannah sparrow, ''Passerculus sandwichensis'' *Sierra Madre sparrow, ''Xenospiza baileyi'' *Song sparrow, ''Melospiza melodia'' *Lincoln's sparrow, ''Melospiza lincolnii'' *Swamp sparrow, ''Melospiza georgiana'' *Large-footed finch, ''Pezopetes capitalis'' *Zapata sparrow, ''Torreornis inexpectata'' *Rusty-crowned ground-sparrow, ''Melozone kieneri'' *Canyon towhee, ''Melozone fusca'' *White-throated towhee, ''Melozone albicollis'' *Abert's towhee, ''Melozone aberti'' *California towhee, ''Melozone crissalis'' (ssp. ''eremophilus'': ) *White-eared ground-sparrow, ''Melozone leucotis'' *White-faced ground-sparrow, ''Melozone biarcuata'' *Cabanis's ground-sparrow, ''Melozone cabanisi'' *Rusty sparrow, ''Aimophila rufescens'' *Rufous-crowned sparrow, ''Aimophila ruficeps'' *Oaxaca sparrow, ''Aimophila notosticta'' *Green-tailed towhee, ''Pipilo chlorurus'' *Spotted towhee, ''Pipilo maculatus'' *Eastern towhee, ''Pipilo erythrophthalmus'' *Collared towhee, ''Pipilo ocai'' *Rufous-capped brushfinch, ''Atlapetes pileatus'' *White-naped brushfinch, ''Atlapetes albinucha'' *Yellow-thighed brushfinch, ''Atlapetes tibialis'' *Yellow-green brushfinch, ''Atlapetes luteoviridis''

Chat-tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calyptophilidae These two species were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017. *Western chat-tanager, ''Calyptophilus tertius'' *Eastern chat-tanager, ''Calyptophilus frugivorus''

Hispaniolan tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phaenicophilidae The members of this small family were formerly classified as tanagers and New World warblers (family Parulidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017. *Black-crowned tanager, Black-crowned palm-tanager, ''Phaenicophilus palmarum'' *Grey-crowned tanager, Gray-crowned palm-tanager, ''Phaenicophilus poliocephalus'' *White-winged warbler, ''Xenoligea montana'' *Green-tailed warbler, ''Microligea palustris''

Puerto Rican tanager

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nesospingidae This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017. *Puerto Rican tanager, ''Nesospingus speculiferus''

Spindalises

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Spindalidae The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017. *Western spindalis, ''Spindalis zena'' *Jamaican spindalis, ''Spindalis nigricephala'' *Hispaniolan spindalis, ''Spindalis dominicensis'' *Puerto Rican spindalis, ''Spindalis portoricensis''

Wrenthrush

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zeledoniidae Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the wood-warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017. *Wrenthrush, ''Zeledonia coronata''

Cuban warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Teretistridae These two species were formerly placed in the New World warblers (Parulidae) but were moved to their own family in 2017. *Yellow-headed warbler, ''Teretistris fernandinae'' *Oriente warbler, ''Teretistris fornsi''

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017. * Yellow-breasted chat, ''Icteria virens''

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. *Yellow-headed blackbird, ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus'' *Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'' *Eastern meadowlark, ''Sturnella magna'' *Western meadowlark, ''Sturnella neglecta'' *Chihuahuan meadowlark, ''Sturnella lilianae'' *Red-breasted meadowlark, ''Leistes militaris'' *Yellow-billed cacique, ''Amblycercus holosericeus'' *Yellow-winged cacique, ''Cassiculus melanicterus'' *Crested oropendola, ''Psarocolius decumanus'' *Chestnut-headed oropendola, ''Psarocolius wagleri'' *Montezuma oropendola, ''Psarocolius montezuma'' *Black oropendola, ''Psarocolius guatimozinus'' *Scarlet-rumped cacique, ''Cacicus uropygialis'' *Yellow-rumped cacique, ''Cacicus cela'' *Bahama oriole, ''Icterus northropi'' *Cuban oriole, ''Icterus melanopsis'' *Hispaniolan oriole, ''Icterus dominicensis'' *Puerto Rican oriole, ''Icterus portoricensis'' *St. Lucia oriole, ''Icterus laudabilis'' *Montserrat oriole, ''Icterus oberi'' *Martinique oriole, ''Icterus bonana'' *Black-vented oriole, ''Icterus wagleri'' *Bar-winged oriole, ''Icterus maculialatus'' *Black-cowled oriole, ''Icterus prosthemelas'' *Orchard oriole, ''Icterus spurius'' *Hooded oriole, ''Icterus cucullatus'' *Yellow-backed oriole, ''Icterus chrysater'' *Orange-crowned oriole, ''Icterus auricapillus'' *Yellow-tailed oriole, ''Icterus mesomelas'' *Venezuelan troupial, ''Icterus icterus'' (I) *Streak-backed oriole, ''Icterus pustulatus'' *Bullock's oriole, ''Icterus bullockii'' *Orange oriole, ''Icterus auratus'' *Jamaican oriole, ''Icterus leucopteryx'' *Spot-breasted oriole, ''Icterus pectoralis'' (I) *Altamira oriole, ''Icterus gularis'' *Audubon's oriole, ''Icterus graduacauda'' *Baltimore oriole, ''Icterus galbula'' *Black-backed oriole, ''Icterus abeillei'' *Scott's oriole, ''Icterus parisorum'' *Jamaican blackbird, ''Nesopsar nigerrimus'' *Red-winged blackbird, ''Agelaius phoeniceus'' *Red-shouldered blackbird, ''Agelaius assimilis'' *Tricolored blackbird, ''Agelaius tricolor'' *Tawny-shouldered blackbird, ''Agelaius humeralis'' *Yellow-shouldered blackbird, ''Agelaius xanthomus'' *Shiny cowbird, ''Molothrus bonariensis'' *Bronzed cowbird, ''Molothrus aeneus'' *Brown-headed cowbird, ''Molothrus ater'' *Giant cowbird, ''Molothrus oryzivorus'' *Melodious blackbird, ''Dives dives'' *Cuban blackbird, ''Ptiloxena atroviolacea'' *Rusty blackbird, ''Euphagus carolinus'' *Brewer's blackbird, ''Euphagus cyanocephalus'' *Common grackle, ''Quiscalus quiscula'' *Boat-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus major'' *Great-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus mexicanus'' *Slender-billed grackle, ''Quiscalus palustris'' (E) *Nicaraguan grackle, ''Quiscalus nicaraguensis'' *Greater Antillean grackle, ''Quiscalus niger'' *Carib grackle, ''Quiscalus lugubris'' } *Yellow-hooded blackbird, ''Chrysomus icterocephalus''

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae The wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. In August 2011, the North American Committee of the AOS changed their classification of many of the wood warblers. Since this list is based on the AOS classification, changes to scientific names are updated here. *Ovenbird, ''Seiurus aurocapilla'' *Worm-eating warbler, ''Helmitheros vermivorus'' *Louisiana waterthrush, ''Parkesia motacilla'' *Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis'' *Bachman's warbler, ''Vermivora bachmanii'' (E?) *Golden-winged warbler, ''Vermivora chrysoptera'' *Blue-winged warbler, ''Vermivora cyanoptera'' *Black-and-white warbler, ''Mniotilta varia'' *Prothonotary warbler, ''Protonotaria citrea'' *Swainson's warbler, ''Limnothlypis swainsonii'' *Crescent-chested warbler, ''Oreothlypis superciliosa'' *Flame-throated warbler, ''Oreothlypis gutturalis'' *Tennessee warbler, ''Leiothlypis peregrina'' *Orange-crowned warbler, ''Leiothlypis celata'' *Colima warbler, ''Leiothlypis crissalis'' *Lucy's warbler, ''Leiothlypis luciae'' *Nashville warbler, ''Leiothlypis ruficapilla'' *Virginia's warbler, ''Leiothlypis virginiae'' *Semper's warbler, ''Leucopeza semperi'' *Connecticut warbler, ''Oporornis agilis'' *Grey-crowned yellowthroat, Gray-crowned yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis poliocephala'' *MacGillivray's warbler, ''Geothlypis tolmiei'' *Mourning warbler, ''Geothlypis philadelphia'' *Kentucky warbler, ''Geothlypis formosa'' *Olive-crowned yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis semiflava'' *Black-polled yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis speciosa'' *Belding's yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis beldingi'' *Bahama yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis rostrata'' *Altamira yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis flavovelata'' *Common yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis trichas'' *Hooded yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis nelsoni'' *Whistling warbler, ''Catharopeza bishopi'' *Plumbeous warbler, ''Setophaga plumbea'' *Elfin-woods warbler, ''Setophaga angelae'' *Arrowhead warbler, ''Setophaga pharetra'' *Hooded warbler, ''Setophaga citrina'' *American redstart, ''Setophaga ruticilla'' *Kirtland's warbler, ''Setophaga kirtlandii'' *Cape May warbler, ''Setophaga tigrina'' *Cerulean warbler, ''Setophaga cerulea'' *Northern parula, ''Setophaga americana'' *Tropical parula, ''Setophaga pitiayumi'' *Magnolia warbler, ''Setophaga magnolia'' *Bay-breasted warbler, ''Setophaga castanea'' *Blackburnian warbler, ''Setophaga fusca'' *Yellow warbler, ''Setophaga petechia'' (ssp. ''petechia'': ) *Chestnut-sided warbler, ''Setophaga pensylvanica'' *Blackpoll warbler, ''Setophaga striata'' *Black-throated blue warbler, ''Setophaga caerulescens'' *Palm warbler, ''Setophaga palmarum'' *Olive-capped warbler, ''Setophaga pityophila'' *Pine warbler, ''Setophaga pinus'' *Yellow-rumped warbler, ''Setophaga coronata'' *Yellow-throated warbler, ''Setophaga dominica'' *Bahama warbler, ''Setophaga flavescens'' *Vitelline warbler, ''Setophaga vitellina'' *Prairie warbler, ''Setophaga discolor'' *Adelaide's warbler, ''Setophaga adelaidae'' *Barbuda warbler, ''Setophaga subita'' *St. Lucia warbler, ''Setophaga delicata'' *Grace's warbler, ''Setophaga graciae'' *Black-throated gray warbler, ''Setophaga nigrescens'' *Townsend's warbler, ''Setophaga townsendi'' *Hermit warbler, ''Setophaga occidentalis'' *Golden-cheeked warbler, ''Setophaga chrysoparia'' *Black-throated green warbler, ''Setophaga virens'' *Buff-rumped warbler, ''Myiothlypis fulvicauda'' *Fan-tailed warbler, ''Basileuterus lachrymosus'' *Rufous-capped warbler, ''Basileuterus rufifrons'' *Chestnut-capped warbler, ''Basileuterus delattrii'' *Black-cheeked warbler, ''Basileuterus melanogenys'' *Pirre warbler, ''Basileuterus ignotus'' *Golden-browed warbler, ''Basileuterus belli'' *Golden-crowned warbler, ''Basileuterus culicivorus'' *Costa Rican warbler, ''Basileuterus melanotis'' *Tacarcuna warbler, ''Basileuterus tacarcunae'' *Canada warbler, ''Cardellina canadensis'' *Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla'' *Red-faced warbler, ''Cardellina rubrifrons'' *Red warbler, ''Cardellina rubra'' *Pink-headed warbler, ''Cardellina versicolor'' *Painted redstart, ''Myioborus pictus'' *Slate-throated redstart, ''Myioborus miniatus'' *Collared redstart, ''Myioborus torquatus''

Mitrospingid tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mitrospingidae The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017. * Dusky-faced tanager, ''Mitrospingus cassinii''

Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. *Rose-throated tanager, ''Piranga roseogularis'' *Hepatic tanager, ''Piranga flava'' *Summer tanager, ''Piranga rubra'' *Scarlet tanager, ''Piranga olivacea'' *Western tanager, ''Piranga ludoviciana'' *Flame-colored tanager, ''Piranga bidentata'' *White-winged tanager, ''Piranga leucoptera'' *Red-headed tanager, ''Piranga erythrocephala'' *Red-crowned ant-tanager, ''Habia rubica'' *Red-throated ant-tanager, ''Habia fuscicauda'' *Black-cheeked ant-tanager, ''Habia atrimaxillaris'' *Carmiol's tanager, ''Chlorothraupis carmioli'' *Lemon-spectacled tanager, ''Chlorothraupis olivacea'' *Black-faced grosbeak, ''Caryothraustes poliogaster'' *Yellow-green grosbeak, ''Caryothraustes canadensis'' *Crimson-collared grosbeak, ''Rhodothraupis celaeno'' *Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'' *Pyrrhuloxia, ''Cardinalis sinuatus'' *Yellow grosbeak, ''Pheucticus chrysopeplus'' *Black-thighed grosbeak, ''Pheucticus tibialis'' *Rose-breasted grosbeak, ''Pheucticus ludovicianus'' *Black-headed grosbeak, ''Pheucticus melanocephalus'' *Red-breasted chat, ''Granatellus venustus'' *Gray-throated chat, ''Granatellus sallaei'' *Blue seedeater, ''Amaurospiza concolor'' *Blue-black grosbeak, ''Cyanoloxia cyanoides'' *Blue bunting, ''Cyanocompsa parellina'' *Blue grosbeak, ''Passerina caerulea'' *Lazuli bunting, ''Passerina amoena'' *Indigo bunting, ''Passerina cyanea'' *Rose-bellied bunting, ''Passerina rositae'' *Orange-breasted bunting, ''Passerina leclancherii'' *Varied bunting, ''Passerina versicolor'' *Painted bunting, ''Passerina ciris'' *Dickcissel, ''Spiza americana''

Tanagers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings. *Blue-and-gold tanager, ''Bangsia arcaei'' *Speckled tanager, ''Ixothraupis guttata'' *Grey-and-gold tanager, Gray-and-gold tanager, ''Poecilostreptus palmeri'' *Azure-rumped tanager, ''Poecilostreptus cabanisi'' *Blue-gray tanager, ''Thraupis episcopus'' *Yellow-winged tanager, ''Thraupis abbas'' *Palm tanager ''Thraupis palmarum'' *Golden-hooded tanager, ''Stilpnia larvata'' *Lesser Antillean tanager, ''Stilpnia cucullata'' *Green-naped tanager, ''Tangara fucosa'' *Spangle-cheeked tanager, ''Tangara dowii'' *Plain-colored tanager, ''Tangara inornata'' *Rufous-winged tanager, ''Tangara lavinia'' *Bay-headed tanager, ''Tangara gyrola'' *Emerald tanager, ''Tangara florida'' *Silver-throated tanager, ''Tangara icterocephala'' *White-eared conebill, ''Conirostrum leucogenys'' *Saffron finch, ''Sicalis flaveola'' (I) *Grassland yellow-finch, ''Sicalis luteola'' *Slaty finch, ''Haplospiza rustica'' *Peg-billed finch, ''Acanthidops bairdi'' *Cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer, ''Diglossa baritula'' *Slaty flowerpiercer, ''Diglossa plumbea'' *Green honeycreeper, ''Chlorophanes spiza'' *Black-and-yellow tanager, ''Chrysothlypis chrysomelas'' *Sulphur-rumped tanager, ''Heterospingus rubrifrons'' *Scarlet-browed tanager, ''Heterospingus xanthopygius'' *Yellow-backed tanager, ''Hemithraupis flavicollis'' *Blue-black grassquit, ''Volatinia jacarina'' *Grey-headed tanager, Gray-headed tanager, ''Eucometis penicillata'' *White-shouldered tanager, ''Loriotus luctuosus'' *Tawny-crested tanager, ''Tachyphonus delatrii'' *White-lined tanager, ''Tachyphonus rufus'' *Black-throated shrike-tanager, ''Lanio aurantius'' *White-throated shrike-tanager, ''Lanio leucothorax'' *Crimson-collared tanager, ''Ramphocelus sanguinolentus'' *Flame-rumped tanager, ''Ramphocelus flammigerus'' *Scarlet-rumped tanager, ''Ramphocelus passerinii'' *Crimson-backed tanager, ''Ramphocelus dimidiatus'' *Swallow tanager, ''Tersina viridis'' *Shining honeycreeper, ''Cyanerpes lucidus'' *Purple honeycreeper, ''Cyanerpes caeruleus'' *Red-legged honeycreeper, ''Cyanerpes cyaneus'' *Scarlet-thighed dacnis, ''Dacnis venusta'' *Blue dacnis, ''Dacnis cayana'' *Viridian dacnis, ''Dacnis viguieri'' *Bananaquit, ''Coereba flaveola'' *Yellow-faced grassquit, ''Tiaris olivaceus'' *Orangequit, ''Euneornis campestris'' *Puerto Rican bullfinch, ''Melopyrrha portoricensis'' *St. Kitts bullfinch, ''Melopyrrha grandis'' *Cuban bullfinch, ''Melopyrrha nigra'' *Greater Antillean bullfinch, ''Melopyrrha violacea'' *Yellow-shouldered grassquit, ''Loxipasser anoxanthus'' *Cuban grassquit, ''Phonipara canora'' *Lesser Antillean bullfinch, ''Loxigilla noctis'' *Barbados bullfinch, ''Loxigilla barbadensis'' *Black-faced grassquit, ''Melanospiza bicolor'' *St. Lucia black finch, ''Melanospiza richardsoni'' *Cocos finch, ''Pinaroloxias inornata'' *Lined seedeater, ''Sporophila lineola'' *Thick-billed seed-finch, ''Sporophila funerea'' *Large-billed seed-finch, ''Sporophila crassirostris'' *Nicaraguan seed-finch, ''Sporophila nuttingi'' *Variable seedeater, ''Sporophila corvina'' *Slate-colored seedeater, ''Sporophila schistacea'' *Cinnamon-rumped seedeater, ''Sporophila torqueola'' *Morelet's seedeater, ''Sporophila morelleti'' *Yellow-bellied seedeater, ''Sporophila nigricollis'' *Ruddy-breasted seedeater, ''Sporophila minuta'' *Wedge-tailed grass-finch, ''Emberizoides herbicola'' *Black-headed saltator, ''Saltator atriceps'' *Buff-throated saltator, ''Saltator maximus'' *Slate-colored grosbeak, ''Saltator grossus'' *Lesser Antillean saltator, ''Saltator albicollis'' *Cinnamon-bellied saltator, ''Saltator grandis'' *Streaked saltator, ''Saltator striatipectus''

References

External links

Guide to North American Birds
- National Audubon Society {{Dinosaurs by Continent Lists of birds of North America, 01 Lists of birds by continent, North America