The following is a list of adjectival forms of cities in

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...

and their

demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

ic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these cities. Demonyms ending in ''-ese'' are the same in the singular and plural forms. The ending ''-man'' has

feminine Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered fe ...

equivalent ''-woman'' (e.g. ''an Irishman and a Scotswoman''). The

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

terminations ''-ois'' / ''ais'' serve as both the singular and plural

masculine Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors ...

; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the

and is normally changed to

by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as", respectively. Adjectives ending ''-ish'' can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. ''the English, the Cornish''). So can those ending in ''-ch'' / ''-tch'' (e.g. ''the French'', ''the Dutch'') provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective ''Czech'' does not qualify as its ''-ch'' is pronounced ). Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the

language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of ...

dialect The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is ...

of the same name. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms also refer to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. Additionally, sometimes the use of one or more additional words is optional. Notable examples are

cheeses Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During productio ...

cat breeds The following list of cat breeds includes only domestic cat breeds and domestic and wild hybrids. The list includes established breeds recognized by various cat registries, new and experimental breeds, landraces being established as standardized ...

, dog breeds, and

horse breeds This article is a list of horse and pony breeds with articles on Wikipedia, and also includes terms for types of horse that are not necessarily standardized breeds but are often labeled as breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted defin ...

. Note: Many of these adjectivals and demonyms are not used in English as frequently as their counterparts in other languages. A common practice is to use a city's name as if it were an adjective, as in "Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra", "Melbourne suburbs", etc.

Table

List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

***

List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

**** List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions ***

List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents. A country adjective describes something as being from that country, for example, "Italian cuisine" is "cuisine of Italy" ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for India The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

****

List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories ...

*** List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities **** List of adjectivals and demonyms for Colorado cities ***

List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...

* Lists of city nicknames

References

{{Reflist

Cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Table

See also

References