The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ...
and their
demonym
A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
ic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note:
Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of ''-ese'' endings, are the same as the plural forms.
The ending ''-men'' has
feminine
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered fe ...
equivalent ''-women'' (e.g. ''an Irishman and a Scotswoman''). The
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
terminations ''-ois'' / ''ais'' serve as both the singular and plural
masculine
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors ...
; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The
Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the
masculine
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors ...
and is normally changed to
feminine
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered fe ...
by replacing the "-o" with "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending ''-ish'' can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. ''the English, the Cornish''). So can those ending in ''-ch'' / ''-tch'' (e.g. ''the French'', ''the Dutch'') provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g., the adjective ''Czech'' does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the
language
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of ...
or
dialect
The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena:
One usage refers to a variety of a language that is ...
of the same name. (Reference
Ethnologue, Languages of the World
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are
cheeses,
cat breeds,
dog breeds, and
horse breeds. (See
List of words derived from toponyms
This is a list of English language words derived from toponyms, followed by the place name it derives from.
General
* agate — after ''Achates'', ancient Greek name for the river Dirillo on the Italian island of Sicily
* Alberta clipper — ...
.)
__TOC__
Planets
Continents
Entries in ''italics'' are continental regions.
Subcontinental regions
Countries and nations
States, provinces, regions and territories
Australian states and territories
Brazilian states
Canadian provinces and territories
Federated states and other territories of Germany
Indian states and territories
Bangladeshi divisions
Malaysian states and territories
States of Mexico
New Zealand regions
Philippine provinces
U.S. states
Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity
Regions tracing their origins (''or otherwise referenced'') in
Greco-Roman antiquity
n cases where ancient regions are extant, this table is limited to cases where the present-day regional names retain their original/ancient form
(References:
Herodotus
Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria (Italy). He is known fo ...
' "Histories";
Thucydides
Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His '' History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of " scienti ...
' "Peloponnesian War";
Pausanias' "Description of Greece";
Lemprière's
Bibliotheca Classica
The ''Bibliotheca Classica'' (Reading, November, 1788), or ''Classical Dictionary containing a full Account of all the Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors'' is the best-known work of John Lemprière, an English classical scholar. Edited by v ...
; Leverett's 1838 edition of the "Lexicon of the Latin Language"; Freeman's "The History of Sicily..."; et al.)
Other former nations and regions
Ancient civilizations, former
colonies
In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state'' ...
,
renamed countries and regions,
annexation
Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
s,
secession
Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics l ...
s, etc. (''other than Greco-Roman, which see
above'').
Fictional regions
Counties
Ireland
United Kingdom
Cities
See also
*
Demonym
A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
**List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations
* List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
* SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions
***
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
People
* List (surname)
Organizations
* List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
* SC Germania List, German rugby union ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories ...
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove th ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the ...
References
External links
{{Wiktionary, demonym, gentilic
Alphabetical list of world demonymsDemonyms of the World
Adjectival Forms Of Place Names
Adjectival Forms Of Place Names
Placename Etymologies