The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see ''

interpretatio graeca ''Interpretatio graeca'' (Latin, "Greek translation") or "interpretation by means of Greek odels is a discourse used to interpret or attempt to understand the mythology and religion of other cultures; a comparative methodology using ancient G ...

''), integrating Greek myths,

iconography Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description and interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct fro ...

, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including

Latin literature Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. The beginning of formal Latin literature dates to 240 BC, when the first stage play in Latin was performed in Rome. Latin literature ...

, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the

Empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...

. Many of the Romans' own gods remain obscure, known only by name and sometimes function, through inscriptions and texts that are often fragmentary. This is particularly true of those gods belonging to the archaic religion of the Romans dating back to the era of kings, the so-called "religion of

Numa Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NUMA1'' gene. Interactions Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 has been shown to interact with PIM1, Band 4.1, GPSM2 G-protein-signaling modulator 2, also ca ...

", which was perpetuated or revived over the centuries. Some archaic deities have Italic or Etruscan counterparts, as identified both by ancient sources and by modern scholars. Throughout the Empire, the deities of peoples in the

provinces A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

were given new theological interpretations in light of functions or attributes they shared with Roman deities. An extensive alphabetical list follows a survey of theological groups as constructed by the Romans themselves. For the

cult In modern English, ''cult'' is usually a pejorative term for a social group that is defined by its unusual religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs and rituals, or its common interest in a particular personality, object, or goal. Thi ...

pertaining to deified Roman emperors ''( divi)'', see Imperial cult.

Titles and honorifics

Certain honorifics and titles could be shared by different gods, divine

personification Personification occurs when a thing or abstraction is represented as a person, in literature or art, as a type of anthropomorphic metaphor. The type of personification discussed here excludes passing literary effects such as "Shadows hold their ...

s, demi-gods and '' divi'' (deified mortals).

''Augustus'' and ''Augusta''

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...

'', "the elevated or august one" (

masculine Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors ...

form) is an honorific and title awarded to Octavian in recognition of his unique status, the extraordinary range of his powers, and the apparent divine approval of his

principate The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in AD 284, after which it evolved into the so-called Dominate. ...

. After his death and deification, the title was awarded to each of his successors. It also became a near ubiquitous title or honour for various minor local deities, including the '' Lares Augusti'' of local communities, and obscure provincial deities such as the North African ''Marazgu Augustus''. This extension of an Imperial honorific to major and minor deities of Rome and her provinces is considered a ground-level feature of Imperial cult. '' Augusta'', the feminine form, is an honorific and title associated with the development and dissemination of Imperial cult as applied to Roman Empresses, whether living, deceased or deified as ''divae''. The first Augusta was

Livia Livia Drusilla (30 January 59 BC – 28 September AD 29) was a Roman empress from 27 BC to AD 14 as the wife of Emperor Augustus Caesar. She was known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14. Livia was the ...

, wife of Octavian, and the title is then shared by various state goddesses including Bona Dea, Ceres, Juno,

Minerva Minerva (; ett, Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. Minerva is not a patron of violence such as Mars, but of strategic war. From the second century BC onward, the R ...

, and

Ops In ancient Roman religion, Ops or ''Opis'' (Latin: "Plenty") was a fertility deity and earth goddess of Sabine origin. Her equivalent in Greek mythology was Rhea. Iconography In Ops' statues and coins, she is figured sitting down, as Chthon ...

; by many minor or local goddesses; and by the female personifications of Imperial virtues such as Pax and Victoria.

''Bonus'' and ''Bona''

The

epithet An epithet (, ), also byname, is a descriptive term (word or phrase) known for accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious people, di ...

''Bonus'', "the Good," is used in Imperial ideology with abstract deities such as ''Bona Fortuna'' ("Good Fortune"), ''Bona Mens'' ("Good Thinking" or "Sound Mind"), and '' Bona Spes'' ("Valid Hope," perhaps to be translated as "Optimism"). During the Republic, the epithet may be most prominent with Bona Dea, "the Good Goddess" whose rites were celebrated by women.

Bonus Eventus Bonus Eventus ("Good Outcome") was a divine personification in ancient Roman religion. The Late Republican scholar Varro lists him as one of the twelve deities who presided over agriculture, paired with Lympha, the goddess who influenced the water ...

, "Good Outcome", was one of Varro's twelve agricultural deities, and later represented success in general. Isis - Vienna

''Caelestis''

From the middle Imperial period, the title ''Caelestis'', "Heavenly" or "Celestial" is attached to several goddesses embodying aspects of a single, supreme Heavenly Goddess. The ''Dea Caelestis'' was identified with the constellation Virgo ("The Virgin"), who holds the divine balance of justice. In the ''

Metamorphoses The ''Metamorphoses'' ( la, Metamorphōsēs, from grc, μεταμορφώσεις: "Transformations") is a Latin narrative poem from 8 CE by the Roman poet Ovid. It is considered his '' magnum opus''. The poem chronicles the history of the ...

'' of Apuleius, the protagonist Lucius prays to the Hellenistic Egyptian goddess

Isis Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kin ...

as ''Regina Caeli'', " Queen of Heaven", who is said to manifest also as Ceres, "the original nurturing parent"; Heavenly Venus ''(Venus Caelestis)''; the "sister of Phoebus", that is, Diana or

Artemis In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Artemis (; grc-gre, Ἄρτεμις) is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, nature, vegetation, childbirth, care of children, and chastity. She was heavily identified with ...

as she is worshipped at Ephesus; or Proserpina as the triple goddess of the underworld. Juno Caelestis was the Romanised form of the Carthaginian Tanit. Grammatically, the form ''Caelestis'' can also be a masculine word, but the equivalent function for a male deity is usually expressed through syncretization with Caelus, as in ''Caelus Aeternus Iuppiter,'' "Jupiter the Eternal Sky."

''Invictus''

Römermuseum Osterburken (DerHexer) 2012-09-30 032

''Invictus'' ("Unconquered, Invincible") was in use as a divine epithet by the early 3rd century BC. In the Imperial period, it expressed the invincibility of deities embraced officially, such as Jupiter, Mars,

Hercules Hercules (, ) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the ...

, and

Sol Sol or SOL may refer to: Astronomy * The Sun Currency * SOL Project, a currency project in France * French sol, or sou * Argentine sol * Bolivian sol, the currency of Bolivia from 1827 to 1864 * Peruvian sol, introduced in 1991 * Peruvian sol ...

. On coins, calendars, and other inscriptions, Mercury, Saturn, Silvanus, Fons, Serapis, Sabazius, Apollo, and the Genius are also found as ''Invictus.'' Cicero considers it a normal epithet for Jupiter, in regard to whom it is probably a synonym for ''Omnipotens''. It is also used in the Mithraic mysteries.

''Mater'' and ''Pater''

''Mater'' ("Mother") was an honorific that respected a goddess's maternal authority and functions, and not necessarily "motherhood" per se. Early examples included Terra Mater (Mother Earth) and the Mater Larum (Mother of the Lares). Vesta, a goddess of chastity usually conceived of as a virgin, was honored as ''Mater''. A goddess known as Stata Mater was a compital deity credited with preventing fires in the city. From the middle Imperial era, the reigning Empress becomes ''Mater castrorum et senatus et patriae'', the symbolic Mother of military camps, the

senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

, and the fatherland. The Gallic and Germanic cavalry ''(

auxilia The (, lit. "auxiliaries") were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 30 BC. By the 2nd century, the Auxilia contained the same number of inf ...

)'' of the Roman Imperial army regularly set up altars to the "Mothers of the Field" (''Campestres'', from ''campus'', "field," with the title ''Matres'' or ''Matronae''). See also Magna Mater (Great Mother) following. Gods were called ''Pater'' ("Father") to signify their preeminence and paternal care, and the filial respect owed to them. ''Pater'' was found as an epithet of Dis,

Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but slightly less than one-thousand ...

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Roman god of war. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin at ...

, and

Liber In Religion in ancient Rome, ancient Roman religion and Roman mythology, mythology, Liber ( , ; "the free one"), also known as Liber Pater ("the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and wine, male fertility and freedom. He was a patron de ...

, among others.

Magna Mater

"The Great Mother" was a title given to Cybele in her Roman cult. Some Roman literary sources accord the same title to Maia and other goddesses.

Collectives

Even in invocations, which generally required precise naming, the Romans sometimes spoke of gods as groups or collectives rather than naming them as individuals. Some groups, such as the

Camenae In Roman mythology, the Camenae (; also ''Casmenae'', ''Camoenae'') were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities. List of Camenae There were four Camenae: *Carmenta, or Carmentis * Egeria, or Ægeria, o ...

and Parcae, were thought of as a limited number of individual deities, even though the number of these might not be given consistently in all periods and all texts. The following groups, however, are numberless collectives.

Spatial tripartition

Varro grouped the gods broadly into three divisions of heaven, earth, and underworld: * ''di superi'', the gods above or heavenly gods, whose altars were designated as ''altaria''. * ''di terrestres'', "terrestrial gods," whose altars were designated as '' arae.'' * ''

di inferi The ''di inferi'' or ''dii inferi'' (Latin, "the gods below") were a shadowy collective of ancient Roman deities associated with death and the underworld. The epithet ''inferi'' is also given to the mysterious Manes, a collective of ancestral spi ...

'', the gods below, that is, the gods of the underworld, infernal or

chthonic The word chthonic (), or chthonian, is derived from the Ancient Greek word ''χθών, "khthon"'', meaning earth or soil. It translates more directly from χθόνιος or "in, under, or beneath the earth" which can be differentiated from Γῆ ...

gods, whose altars were ''foci'',

fire pit A fire pit or a fire hole can vary from a pit dug in the ground to an elaborate gas burning structure of stone, brick, and metal. The defining feature of fire pits is that they are designed to contain fire and prevent it from spreading. Some rece ...

s or specially constructed hearths. More common is a dualistic contrast between ''superi'' and ''inferi''.

''Di indigetes'' and ''novensiles''

The '' di indigetes'' were thought by Georg Wissowa to be Rome's indigenous deities, in contrast to the ''di novensides'' or ''novensiles'', "newcomer gods". No ancient source, however, poses this dichotomy, which is not generally accepted among scholars of the 21st century. The meaning of the epithet ''indiges'' (singular) has no scholarly consensus, and ''noven'' may mean "nine" ''(novem)'' rather than "new".

Roman god lists

Triads

* Archaic Triad:

Quirinus In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus ( , ) is an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, ''Quirinus'' was also an epithet of Janus, as ''Janus Quirinus''. Name Attestations The name of god Quirinus is recorded across Roman so ...

. *

Capitoline Triad The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill (Latin ''Capitolium''). It comprised Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. The triad held a central place in th ...

: Jupiter, Juno,

. * Plebeian or Aventine Triad: Ceres,

, Libera, dating to 493 BC.

Groupings of twelve

Lectisternium of 217 BC

A lectisternium is a banquet for the gods, at which they appear as images seated on couches, as if present and participating. In describing the lectisternium of the Twelve Great gods in 217 BC, the Augustan

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ...

places the deities in gender-balanced pairs: *

– Juno *

Neptune Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and the farthest known planet in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet in the Solar System by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 time ...

–

Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never f ...

Apollo Apollo, grc, Ἀπόλλωνος, Apóllōnos, label=genitive , ; , grc-dor, Ἀπέλλων, Apéllōn, ; grc, Ἀπείλων, Apeílōn, label=Arcadocypriot Greek, ; grc-aeo, Ἄπλουν, Áploun, la, Apollō, la, Apollinis, label= ...

– Diana * Vulcan– Vesta * Mercury– Ceres Divine male-female complements such as these, as well as the

anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics t ...

influence of Greek mythology, contributed to a tendency in Latin literature to represent the gods as "married" couples or (as in the case of Venus and Mars) lovers. Altar twelve gods Louvre Ma666

''Dii Consentes''

Varro Marcus Terentius Varro (; 116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Vergil and Cicero). He is sometimes calle ...

uses the name '' Dii Consentes'' for twelve deities whose gilded images stood in the forum. These were also placed in six male-female pairs. Although individual names are not listed, they are assumed to be the deities of the lectisternium. A fragment from

Ennius Quintus Ennius (; c. 239 – c. 169 BC) was a writer and poet who lived during the Roman Republic. He is often considered the father of Roman poetry. He was born in the small town of Rudiae, located near modern Lecce, Apulia, (Ancient Calabri ...

, within whose lifetime the lectisternium occurred, lists the same twelve deities by name, though in a different order from that of Livy: ''Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venus, Mars, Mercurius, Jove, Neptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo.'' The ''Dii Consentes'' are sometimes seen as the Roman equivalent of the Greek Olympians. The meaning of ''Consentes'' is subject to interpretation, but is usually taken to mean that they form a council or consensus of deities.

''Di Flaminales''

The three Roman deities cultivated by major flamens

Twelve Roman deities attended by the minor flamens

Carmentis In ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, associated with technological innovation as well as the protection of mothers and children and a patron of midwives. She was also said to have invented the ...

* Ceres * Falacer *

Flora Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring ( indigenous) native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms '' gut flora'' or '' skin flora''. ...

* Furrina * Palatua * Pomona *

Portunus ''Portunus'' is a genus of crab which includes several important species for fisheries, such as the blue swimming crab, ''Portunus pelagicus'' and the Gazami crab, '' P. trituberculatus''. Other species, such as the three-spotted crab ('' P ...

* Vulcan * Volturnus *Two other deities whose names are not known

''Di selecti''

Varro gives a list of twenty principal gods of Roman religion: *

Janus In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus ( ; la, Ianvs ) is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, frames, and endings. He is usually depicted as having two faces. The month of January is named for Jan ...

Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine and a half times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth; h ...

* Genius * Mercury *

* Vulcan *

* Orcus *

* Tellus * Ceres * Juno * Luna * Diana *

* Vesta

Sabine gods

Varro, who was himself of Sabine origin, gives a list of Sabine gods who were adopted by the Romans: *

Feronia Feronia may mean: * Feronia (mythology), a goddess of fertility in Roman and Etruscan mythology * ''Feronia'' (plant), a genus of plants * Feronia Inc., a plantations company operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo * Feronia (Sardinia) ...

* Novensides * Pales *

Salus Salus ( la, salus, "safety", "salvation", "welfare") was the Roman goddess of safety and well-being (welfare, health and prosperity) of both the individual and the state. She is sometimes equated with the Greek goddess Hygieia, though their fu ...

* Fortuna * Fons *

Fides Fides or FIDES may refer to: *Faith, trust, loyalty, or fidelity, or a religious belief * Fides (cycling team), an Italian professional cycling team in 1961 *Fides (deity), goddess of trust in Roman mythology * Fides (reliability), guide allowing ...

* Vediovis *

* Luna * Vulcan *

Summanus Summanus ( lat, Summānus) was the god of nocturnal thunder in ancient Roman religion, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight) thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid. Pliny thought that he was of Etruscan origin ...

* Larunda * Terminus *

Vortumnus In Roman mythology, Vertumnus (; also Vortumnus or Vertimnus) is the god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees. He could change his form at will; using this power, according to Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'' (xiv) ...

* Lares * Diana * Lucina Livia statue

Elsewhere, Varro claims Sol Indiges – who had a

sacred grove Sacred groves or sacred woods are groves of trees and have special religious importance within a particular culture. Sacred groves feature in various cultures throughout the world. They were important features of the mythological landscape and ...

Lavinium Lavinium was a port city of Latium, to the south of Rome, midway between the Tiber river at Ostia and Antium. The coastline then, as now, was a long strip of beach. Lavinium was on a hill at the southernmost edge of the ''Silva Laurentina'', ...

– as Sabine but at the same time equates him with

. Of those listed, he writes, "several names have their roots in both languages, as trees that grow on a property line creep into both fields. Saturn, for instance, can be said to have another origin here, and so too Diana." Varro makes various claims for Sabine origins throughout his works, some more plausible than others, and his list should not be taken at face value. But the importance of the Sabines in the early cultural formation of Rome is evidenced, for instance, by the bride abduction of the Sabine women by

Romulus Romulus () was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of these ...

's men, and in the Sabine ethnicity of

Numa Pompilius Numa Pompilius (; 753–672 BC; reigned 715–672 BC) was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus after a one-year interregnum. He was of Sabine origin, and many of Rome's most important religious and political institutions ar ...

, second

king of Rome The king of Rome ( la, rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom. According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the Palatine Hill. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Rome until 50 ...

, to whom are attributed many of Rome's religious and legal institutions. Varro, however, says that the altars to most of these gods were established at Rome by King Tatius as the result of a vow ('' votum'').

''Indigitamenta''

The ''indigitamenta'' are deities known only or primarily as a name; they may be minor entities, or epithets of major gods. Lists of deities were kept by the College of Pontiffs to assure that the correct names were invoked for public prayers. The books of the Pontiffs are lost, known only through scattered passages in

. The most extensive lists are provided by the

Church Fathers The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. The historical per ...

who sought systematically to debunk Roman religion while drawing on the theological works of Varro, also surviving only in quoted or referenced fragments. W.H. Roscher collated the standard modern list of ''indigitamenta'', though other scholars may differ with him on some points.

Alphabetical list

A

Abundantia In ancient Roman religion, Abundantia (), also called Abundita or Copia, was a divine personification of abundance and prosperity. The name Abundantia means plenty or riches. This name is fitting as Abundantia was a goddess of abundance, money-flo ...

, divine personification of abundance and prosperity. *

Acca Larentia Acca Larentia or Acca Larentina was a mythical woman, later goddess of fertility, in Roman mythology whose festival, the Larentalia, was celebrated on December 23. Myths Foster mother In one mythological tradition (that of ...

, a '' diva'' of complex meaning and origin in whose honor the Larentalia was held. * Acis, god of the Acis River in Sicily. * Aerecura, goddess possibly of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...

origin, associated with the underworld and identified with Proserpina. * Aequitas, divine personification of fairness. * Aesculapius, the Roman equivalent of Asclepius, god of health and medicine. * Aeternitas, goddess and personification of eternity. * Aion (Latin spelling Aeon), Hellenistic god of cyclical or unbounded time, related to the concepts of '' aevum'' or '' saeculum'' * Aius Locutius, divine voice that warned the Romans of the imminent Gallic invasion. * Alernus or Elernus (possibly Helernus), an archaic god whose sacred grove ''(

lucus In ancient Roman religion, a ''lūcus'' (, plural ''lūcī'') is a sacred grove. ''Lucus'' was one of four Latin words meaning in general "forest, woodland, grove" (along with ''nemus'', ''silva'', and ''saltus''), but unlike the others it w ...

)'' was near the

Tiber river The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by the Ri ...

. He is named definitively only by

Ovid Pūblius Ovidius Nāsō (; 20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known in English as Ovid ( ), was a Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a contemporary of the older Virgil and Horace, with whom ...

. The grove was the birthplace of the nymph Cardea, and despite the obscurity of the god, the state priests still carried out sacred rites ''( sacra)'' there in the time of

. Alernus may have been a

god, if a black ox was the correct sacrificial offering to him, since dark victims were offered to underworld gods. Dumézil wanted to make him a god of beans. * Angerona, goddess who relieved people from pain and sorrow. * Angitia, goddess associated with snakes and

Medea In Greek mythology, Medea (; grc, Μήδεια, ''Mēdeia'', perhaps implying "planner / schemer") is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios. Medea figures in the myth of Jaso ...

. *

Anna Perenna Anna Perenna was an old Roman deity of the circle or "ring" of the year, as indicated by the name (''per annum''). Festival Anna Perenna's festival fell on the Ides of March (March 15), which would have marked the first full moon in the year in th ...

, early goddess of the " circle of the year", her festival was celebrated March 15. *

Annona ''Annona'' (from Taíno ''annon'') is a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw/ sugar apple family, Annonaceae. It is the second largest genus in the family after ''Guatteria'', containing approximately 166

, the divine personification of the grain supply to the city of Rome. *

Antevorta In ancient Roman religion, Antevorta was a goddess of the future, also known as Porrima. She and her sister Postverta (or Postvorta) were described as companions or siblings of the goddess Carmenta, sometimes referred to as "the Carmentae". They may ...

, goddess of the future and one of the Camenae; also called Porrima. *

, god of poetry, music, and oracles, and one of the '' Dii Consentes''. *

Arimanius Arimanius ( el, italic=yes, Αρειμάνιος; lat, Arīmanius) is a name for an obscure deity found in a few Greek literary texts and five Latin inscriptions supposed to be the counterpart of Oromazes ( el, italic=yes, Ὡρομάζης), ...

, an obscure Mithraic god. *

Aura Aura most commonly refers to: * Aura (paranormal), a field of luminous multicolored radiation around a person or object * Aura (symptom), a symptom experienced before a migraine or seizure Aura may also refer to: Places Extraterrestrial * 1488 ...

, often plural ''Aurae'', "the Breezes". *

Aurora An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of bri ...

, goddess of the dawn. *

Averruncus In ancient Roman religion, Averruncus or Auruncus is a god of averting harm. Aulus Gellius says that he is one of the potentially malignant deities who must be propitiated for their power to both inflict and withhold disaster from people and the har ...

, a god propitiated to avert calamity.

B

* Bacchus, god of wine, sensual pleasures, and truth, originally a cult title for the Greek

Dionysus In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, myth, Dionysus (; grc, wikt:Διόνυσος, Διόνυσος ) is the god of the grape-harvest, winemaking, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstas ...

and identified with the Roman

. *

Bellona Bellona may refer to: Places *Bellona, Campania, a ''comune'' in the Province of Caserta, Italy * Bellona Reef, a reef in New Caledonia *Bellona Island, an island in Rennell and Bellona Province, Solomon Islands Ships * HMS ''Bellona'' (1760), a 7 ...

or Duellona, war goddess. * Bona Dea, the "women's goddess" with functions pertaining to fertility, healing, and chastity. *

, divine personification of "Good Outcome". * Bubona, goddess of cattle.

C

* Caca, an archaic fire goddess and "proto- Vesta"; the sister of Cacus. *

Cacus In Roman mythology, Cacus ( grc, Κάκος, derived from κακός, meaning bad) was a fire-breathing giant and the son of Vulcan (Plutarch called him son of Hephaestus). He was killed by Hercules after terrorizing the Aventine Hill before the ...

, originally an ancient god of fire, later regarded as a giant. * Caelus, god of the sky before Jupiter. *

, goddesses with various attributes including fresh water, prophecy, and childbirth. There were four of them:

Carmenta In ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, associated with technological innovation as well as the protection of mothers and children and a patron of midwives. She was also said to have invented the ...

, Egeria,

, and

Postvorta In Roman mythology, Postverta or Postvorta was the goddess of the past and one of the two Carmentes (along with her sister Antevorta, or prorsa contracted form of ''Proversa''). They were companions of the goddess Carmenta, and probably embodied ...

. * Cardea, goddess of the hinge ''( cardo)'', identified by

with Carna (below) *

, goddess of childbirth and prophecy, and assigned a flamen minor. The leader of the

. * Carmentes, two goddesses of childbirth:

and Postvorta or Porrima, future and past. * Carna, goddess who preserved the health of the heart and other internal organs. * Ceres, goddess of the harvest and mother of Proserpina, and one of the Dii Consentes. The Roman equivalent of Demeter reek goddess * Clementia, goddess of forgiveness and mercy. *

Cloacina Cloacina was a goddess who presided over the Cloaca Maxima ('Greatest Drain'), the main interceptor discharge outfall of the system of sewers in Rome. Name The theonym ''Cloācīna'' is a derivative of the noun ''cloāca'' ('sewer, underground ...

, goddess who presided over the system of sewers in Rome; identified with Venus. * Concordia, goddess of agreement, understanding, and marital harmony. * Consus, chthonic god protecting grain storage. *

Cupid In classical mythology, Cupid (Latin Cupīdō , meaning "passionate desire") is the god of desire, lust, erotic love, attraction and affection. He is often portrayed as the son of the love goddess Venus (mythology), Venus and the god of war Mar ...

, Roman god of love. The son of Venus, and equivalent to Greek Eros. *

Cura Cura or CURA may refer to: Music * ''Cura'' (album), 2018 Keys N Krates release * Cura (instrument), Turkish musical instrument Organizations * Center for Urban and Regional Analysis (CURA), Ohio State University * Institute on Culture, Rel ...

, personification of care and concern who according to a single source created humans from clay. * Cybele, an imported tutelary goddess often identified with Magna Mater

D

* Dea Dia, goddess of growth. * Dea Tacita ("The Silent Goddess"), a goddess of the dead; later equated with the earth goddess Larenta. *Dea Tertiana and Dea Quartana, the sister goddesses of tertian and quartan fevers. Presumably daughters or sisters of Dea Febris. * Decima, minor goddess and one of the Parcae (Roman equivalent of the Moirai). The measurer of the thread of life, her Greek equivalent was Lachesis. Diana Nemorensis denarius2

* Devera or

Deverra In Roman mythology, Deverra (apparently from Latin ''deverro'' "to sweep away") was one of the three gods that protected midwives and women in labor, the other two being Pilumnus and Intercidona. Symbolised by a broom used to sweep away evil infl ...

, goddess who ruled over the brooms used to purify temples in preparation for various worship services, sacrifices and celebrations; she protected midwives and women in labor. * Diana, goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity, and childbirth, twin sister of Apollo and one of the Dii Consentes. * Diana Nemorensis, local version of Diana. The Roman equivalent of

reek goddess* Discordia, personification of discord and strife. The Roman equivalent of Eris reek goddess* Dius Fidius, god of oaths, associated with

. *

Di inferi The ''di inferi'' or ''dii inferi'' (Latin, "the gods below") were a shadowy collective of ancient Roman deities associated with death and the underworld. The epithet ''inferi'' is also given to the mysterious Manes, a collective of ancestral spi ...

, deities associated with death and the underworld. * Disciplina, personification of discipline. * Dis Pater or Dispater, god of wealth and the underworld; perhaps a translation of Greek ''Plouton'' (

Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the S ...

E

* Egeria, water nymph or goddess, later considered one of the

. *

Empanda In ancient Roman religion, Empanda or Panda was a goddess, or possibly an epithet of Juno. Festus identifies her only as a ''dea paganorum'', "goddess of the rustics." Varro associates her with Ceres, and notes that there is a Roman gate named ...

or Panda, a goddess whose temple never closed to those in need. *

Epona In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules. She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, ears of grain and the presence of foals in some sculptures ...

, Gallo-Roman goddess of horses and horsemanship, usually assumed to be of Celtic origin.

F

* Falacer, obscure god. He was assigned a minor flamen. *

Fama FAMA () is a Hong Kong hip hop duo consisting of members C Kwan and Luk Wing (6-Wing). Formed in 2002, the duo have since released 10 studio albums and EPs. Known for their quick-wit and humour, along with the use of lyrics and music to reflect ...

, goddess of fame and rumor. * Fascinus, phallic god who protected from '' invidia'' (envy) and the evil eye. *

Fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is '' flora'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as '' biota''. ...

, goddess of prophecy, but perhaps a title of other goddesses such as Maia. * Faunus, god of flocks. * Faustitas, goddess who protected herd and livestock. *

Febris Febris (), or Dea Febris (), is the Roman goddess of fevers, who embodied, but also protected people from fever and malaria. Because of this, Febris was a feared goddess whom people wanted the favour of. She does not have a myth of her own. Among ...

, goddess of fevers with the power to cause or prevent fevers and malaria. Accompanied by Dea Tertiana and Dea Quartiana. * Februus, god of Etruscan origin for whom the month of February was named; concerned with purification * Fecunditas, personification of fertility. *

Felicitas In ancient Roman culture, ''felicitas'' (from the Latin adjective ''felix'', "fruitful, blessed, happy, lucky") is a condition of divinely inspired productivity, blessedness, or happiness. ''Felicitas'' could encompass both a woman's fertility a ...

, personification of good luck and success. * Ferentina, patron goddess of the city Ferentinum, Latium, protector of the Latin commonwealth. *

, goddess concerned with wilderness, plebeians, freedmen, and liberty in a general sense. *

, personification of loyalty. *

, goddess of flowers, was assigned a flamen minor. * Fornax, goddess probably conceived of to explain the

Fornacalia The Fornacalia was an Ancient Roman religious festival celebrated in honor of the goddess ''Fornax'', a divine personification of the oven (''fornax''), and was related to the proper baking of bread. History The Fornacalia may have been establishe ...

, "Oven Festival." * Fontus or Fons, god of wells and springs. * Fortuna, goddess of fortune. *

Fufluns In Etruscan religion, Fufluns ( ett, 𐌚𐌖𐌚𐌋𐌖𐌍𐌔) or Puphluns ( ett, 𐌐𐌖𐌘𐌋𐌖𐌍𐌔) was a god of plant life, happiness, wine, health, and growth in all things. He is mentioned twice among the gods listed in the inscri ...

, god of wine, natural growth and health. He was adopted from Etruscan religion. * Fulgora, personification of lightning. * Furrina, goddess whose functions are mostly unknown, but in archaic times important enough to be assigned a flamen.

G

* Genius, the tutelary spirit or divinity of each individual * Gratiae, Roman term for the Charites or Graces.

H

, god of strength, whose worship was derived from the Greek hero

Heracles Heracles ( ; grc-gre, Ἡρακλῆς, , glory/fame of Hera), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptiv ...

but took on a distinctly Roman character. *

Hermaphroditus In Greek mythology, Hermaphroditus or Hermaphroditos (; grc, Ἑρμαφρόδιτος, Hermaphróditos, ) was a child of Aphrodite and Hermes. According to Ovid, he was born a remarkably handsome boy whom the naiad Salmacis attempted to rape an ...

, an androgynous Greek god whose mythology was imported into Latin literature. * Honos, a divine personification of honor. * Hora, the wife of

I

* Indiges, the deified

Aeneas In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (, ; from ) was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons ...

. * Intercidona, minor goddess of childbirth; invoked to keep evil spirits away from the child; symbolised by a cleaver. * Inuus, god of fertility and sexual intercourse, protector of livestock. * Invidia, goddess of envy and wrongdoing.

J

, double-faced or two-headed god of beginnings and endings and of doors. * Juno, Queen of the gods, goddess of matrimony, and one of the Dii Consentes. Equivalent to Greek

Hera In ancient Greek religion, Hera (; grc-gre, Ἥρα, Hḗrā; grc, Ἥρη, Hḗrē, label=none in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of marriage, women and family, and the protector of women during childbirth. In Greek mythology, she ...

. *

, King of the gods, god of storms, lightning, sky, and one of the Dii Consentes; was assigned a flamen maior. Equivalent to Greek

Zeus Zeus or , , ; grc, Δῐός, ''Diós'', label= genitive Boeotian Aeolic and Laconian grc-dor, Δεύς, Deús ; grc, Δέος, ''Déos'', label= genitive el, Δίας, ''Días'' () is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek relig ...

. * Justitia, goddess of justice. * Juturna, goddess of fountains, wells, and springs. * Juventas, goddess of youth.

L

* Lares, household gods. * Latona, goddess of light. * Laverna, patroness of thieves, con men and charlatans. *

Lemures The lemures were shades or spirits of the restless or malignant dead in Roman religion, and are probably cognate with an extended sense of larvae (from Latin ''larva'', "mask") as disturbing or frightening. ''Lemures'' is the more common litera ...

, the malevolent dead. *

Levana Levana (from Latin ''levare,'' "to lift") is an ancient Roman goddess involved in rituals pertaining to childbirth. Augustine says that ''dea Levana'' is invoked when the child is lifted ''de terra'', from the earth or ground. Her function may be ...

, goddess of the rite through which fathers accepted newborn babies as their own. * Letum, personification of death. *

, a god of male fertility, viniculture and freedom, assimilated to Roman Bacchus and Greek

. * Libera,

's female equivalent, assimilated to Roman Proserpina and Greek

Persephone In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Persephone ( ; gr, Περσεφόνη, Persephónē), also called Kore or Cora ( ; gr, Κόρη, Kórē, the maiden), is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. She became the queen of the underworld aft ...

. *

Liberalitas In ancient Roman culture, ''liberalitas'' was the virtue of giving freely (from ''liber'', "free"), hence generosity. On coins, a political leader of the Roman Republic or an emperor of the Imperial era might be depicted as displaying largess to ...

, goddess or personification of generosity. *

Libertas Libertas ( Latin for 'liberty' or 'freedom', ) is the Roman goddess and personification of liberty. She became a politicised figure in the Late Republic, featured on coins supporting the populares faction, and later those of the assassins of ...

, goddess or personification of freedom. * Libitina, goddess of death, corpses and funerals. * Lua, goddess to whom soldiers sacrificed captured weapons, probably a consort of Saturn. * Lucifer, god of the

morning star Morning Star, morning star, or Morningstar may refer to: Astronomy * Morning star, most commonly used as a name for the planet Venus when it appears in the east before sunrise ** See also Venus in culture * Morning star, a name for the star Siri ...

* Lucina, goddess of childbirth, but often as an aspect of Juno. * Luna, goddess of the moon. * Lupercus, god of

shepherd A shepherd or sheepherder is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. ''Shepherd'' derives from Old English ''sceaphierde (''sceap'' 'sheep' + ''hierde'' ' herder'). ''Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations, ...

s and wolves; as the god of the

Lupercalia Lupercalia was a pastoral festival of Ancient Rome observed annually on February 15 to purify the city, promoting health and fertility. Lupercalia was also known as ''dies Februatus'', after the purification instruments called ''februa'', the ...

, his identity is obscure, but he is sometimes identified with the Greek god Pan. *

Lympha The Lympha (plural ''Lymphae'') is an ancient Roman deity of fresh water. She is one of twelve agricultural deities listed by Varro as "leaders" (''duces'') of Roman farmers, because "without water all agriculture is dry and poor." The Lymphae ...

, often plural ''lymphae'', a water deity assimilated to the Greek

nymph A nymph ( grc, νύμφη, nýmphē, el, script=Latn, nímfi, label=Modern Greek; , ) in ancient Greek folklore is a minor female nature deity. Different from Greek goddesses, nymphs are generally regarded as personifications of nature, are ...

M

Mana Genita In ancient Roman religion, Mana Genita or Geneta Mana is an obscure goddess mentioned only by Pliny, Plutarch, and Horace. Both Pliny and Plutarch tell that her rites were carried out by the sacrifice of a puppy or a bitch. Plutarch alone has lef ...

, goddess of infant mortality *

Manes In ancient Roman religion, the ''Manes'' (, , ) or ''Di Manes'' are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones. They were associated with the '' Lares'', '' Lemures,'' '' Genii'', and ''Di Penates'' as deities ( ...

, the souls of the dead who came to be seen as household deities. *

Mania Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together wi ...

, the consort of the Etruscan underworld god Mantus, and perhaps to be identified with the tenebrous '' Mater Larum''; not to be confused with the Greek Maniae. * Mantus, an Etruscan god of the dead and ruler of the underworld. *

, god of war and father of Romulus, the founder of Rome; one of the Archaic Triad assigned a '' flamen maior''; lover of Venus; one of the Dii Consentes.Greek equivalent-Ares. * Mater Matuta, goddess of dawn and childbirth, patroness of mariners. * Meditrina, goddess of healing, introduced to account for the festival of Meditrinalia. * Mefitis or Mephitis, goddess and personification of poisonous gases and volcanic vapours. *

Mellona Mellona or Mellonia was an ancient Roman goddess said by St. Augustine to promote the supply of honey (Latin ''mel, mellis'') as Pomona did for apples and Bubona for cattle. Arnobius describes her as "a goddess important and powerful regardi ...

or Mellonia, goddess of bees and bee-keeping. *

Mena MENA, an acronym in the English language, refers to a grouping of countries situated in and around the Middle East and North Africa. It is also known as WANA, SWANA, or NAWA, which alternatively refers to the Middle East as Western Asia (or ...

or Mene, goddess of fertility and menstruation. * Mercury, messenger of the gods and bearer of souls to the underworld, and one of the Dii Consentes. Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes. *

, goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industries and trades, and one of the Dii Consentes. Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Athena. * Mithras, god worshipped in the Roman empire; popular with soldiers. * Molae, daughters of Mars, probably goddesses of grinding of the grain. *

Moneta In Roman mythology, Moneta ( Latin Monēta) was a title given to two separate goddesses: It was the name of the goddess of memory (identified with the Greek goddess Mnemosyne), and it was an epithet of Juno, called Juno Moneta (Latin Iūno Mon ...

, minor goddess of memory, equivalent to the Greek Mnemosyne. Also used as an epithet of Juno. * Mors, personification of death and equivalent of the Greek Thanatos. * Morta, minor goddess of death and one of the Parcae (Roman equivalent of the Moirai). The cutter of the thread of life, her Greek equivalent was

Atropos Atropos (; grc, Ἄτροπος "without turn") or Aisa, in Greek mythology, was one of the three Moirai, goddesses of fate and destiny. Her Roman equivalent was Morta. Atropos was the oldest of the Three Fates, and was known as "the Inf ...

. * Murcia or Murtia, a little-known goddess who was associated with the myrtle, and in other sources was called a goddess of sloth and laziness (both interpretations arising from

false etymologies A false etymology (fake etymology, popular etymology, etymythology, pseudo-etymology, or par(a)etymology) is a popular but false belief about the origin or derivation of a specific word. It is sometimes called a folk etymology, but this is also a ...

of her name). Later equated with

in the form of Venus Murcia. * Mutunus Tutunus, a phallic god.

N

* Naenia, goddess of funerary lament. * Nascio, personification of the act of birth. *

Necessitas In ancient Greek religion, Ananke (; grc, Ἀνάγκη), from the common noun , "force, constraint, necessity") is the personification of inevitability, compulsion and necessity. She is customarily depicted as holding a spindle. One of the ...

, goddess of destiny, the Roman equivalent of Ananke. *

Nemesis In ancient Greek religion, Nemesis, also called Rhamnousia or Rhamnusia ( grc, Ῥαμνουσία, Rhamnousía, the goddess of Rhamnous), was the goddess who personifies retribution, a central concept in the Greek world view. Etymology The ...

, goddess of revenge ( Greek), adopted as an Imperial deity of retribution. *

, god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, and one of the Dii Consentes. Greek equivalent is

Poseidon Poseidon (; grc-gre, Ποσειδῶν) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth, god of the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses.Burkert 1985pp. 136–139 In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was venerated as ...

. * Nerio, ancient war goddess and the personification of valor. The consort of Mars. * Neverita, presumed a goddess, and associated with Consus and

in the Etrusco-Roman zodiac of Martianus Capella but otherwise unknown.de Grummond, N. T., and Simon, E., (Editors) ''The religion of the Etruscans'', University of Texas Press, 2006, p.200 * Nixi, also ''di nixi'', ''dii nixi'', or ''Nixae'', goddesses of childbirth. * Nona, minor goddess, one of the Parcae (Roman equivalent of the Moirai). The spinner of the thread of life, her Greek equivalent was Clotho. *

Nortia Nortia is the Latinized name of the Etruscan goddess Nurtia (variant manuscript readings include ''Norcia'', ''Norsia'', ''Nercia'', and ''Nyrtia''), whose sphere of influence was time, fate, destiny, and chance. Evidence Little or no Etrusca ...

a Roman-adopted Etruscan goddess of fate, destiny, and chance from the city of Volsinii, where a nail was driven into a wall of her temple as part a new-year ceremony. * Nox, goddess of night, derived from the Greek

Nyx Nyx (; , , "Night") is the Greek goddess and personification of night. A shadowy figure, Nyx stood at or near the beginning of creation and mothered other personified deities, such as Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos (Death), with Erebus (Darkn ...

O

or Opis, goddess of resources or plenty. * Orcus, a god of the underworld and punisher of broken oaths.

P

* Palatua, obscure goddess who guarded the

Palatine Hill The Palatine Hill (; la, Collis Palatium or Mons Palatinus; it, Palatino ), which relative to the seven hills of Rome is the centremost, is one of the most ancient parts of the city and has been called "the first nucleus of the Roman Empire." ...

. She was assigned a flamen minor. * Pales, deity of shepherds, flocks and livestock. * Panda, see

. * Parcae, the three fates. * Pax, goddess of peace; equivalent of Greek Eirene. Aeneis 3 147

Penates In ancient Roman religion, the Di Penates () or Penates ( ) were among the ''dii familiares'', or household deities, invoked most often in domestic rituals. When the family had a meal, they threw a bit into the fire on the hearth for the Penates. ...

or Di Penates, household gods. * Picumnus, minor god of fertility, agriculture, matrimony, infants and children. * Picus, Italic woodpecker god with oracular powers. * Pietas, goddess of duty; personification of the Roman virtue pietas. * Pilumnus, minor guardian god, concerned with the protection of infants at birth. *

, Greek ''Plouton'', a name for the ruler of the dead popularized through the

mystery religions Mystery religions, mystery cults, sacred mysteries or simply mysteries, were religious schools of the Greco-Roman world for which participation was reserved to initiates ''(mystai)''. The main characterization of this religion is the secrecy as ...

and

Greek philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC, marking the end of the Greek Dark Ages. Greek philosophy continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Greece and most Greek-inhabited lands were part of the Roman Empi ...

, sometimes used in Latin literature and identified with Dis pater or Orcus. * Poena, goddess of punishment. * Pomona, goddess of fruit trees, gardens and orchards; assigned a flamen minor. * Porrima, goddess of the future. Also called

. One of the Carmentes and the

. *

, god of keys, doors, and livestock, he was assigned a flamen minor. *

Postverta In Roman mythology, Postverta or Postvorta was the goddess of the past and one of the two Carmentes (along with her sister Antevorta, or prorsa contracted form of ''Proversa''). They were companions of the goddess Carmenta, and probably embodied ...

or Prorsa Postverta, goddess of childbirth and the past, one of the two Carmentes (other being Porrima). *

Priapus In Greek mythology, Priapus (; grc, Πρίαπος, ) is a minor rustic fertility god, protector of livestock, fruit plants, gardens and male genitalia. Priapus is marked by his oversized, permanent erection, which gave rise to the medical ter ...

, imported phallic guardian of gardens. * Proserpina, Queen of the Dead and a grain-goddess, the Roman equivalent of the Greek

. *

Providentia In ancient Roman religion, Providentia is a divine personification of the ability to foresee and make provision. She was among the embodiments of virtues that were part of the Imperial cult of ancient Rome. Providentia thus figures in art, cult, ...

, goddess of forethought. * Pudicitia, goddess and personification of chastity, one of the Roman virtues. Her Greek equivalent was Aidôs.

Q

Querquetulanae In ancient Roman religion and myth, the Querquetulanae or ''Querquetulanae virae'' were nymphs of the oak grove ''(querquetum)'' at a stage of producing green growth. Their sacred grove ''( lucus)'' was within the Porta Querquetulana, a gate in t ...

, nymphs of the oak. *

, Sabine god identified with Mars; Romulus, the founder of Rome, was deified as Quirinus after his death. Quirinus was a war god and a god of the Roman people and state, and was assigned a flamen maior; he was one of the Archaic Triad gods. * Quiritis, goddess of motherhood. Originally Sabine or pre-Roman, she was later equated with Juno.

R

* Robigo or Robigus, a god or goddess who personified grain disease and protected crops. *

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council * Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

, personification of the Roman state. * Rumina, goddess who protected breastfeeding mothers.

S

* Salacia, goddess of seawater, wife of Neptune. *

, goddess of the public welfare of the Roman people; came to be equated with the Greek Hygieia. *

Sancus In ancient Roman religion, Sancus (also known as Sangus or Semo Sancus) was a god of trust (), honesty, and oaths. His cult, one of the most ancient amongst the Romans, probably derived from Umbrian influences. Cato and Silius Italicus wrote tha ...

, god of loyalty, honesty, and oaths. *

, a titan, god of harvest and agriculture, the father of Jupiter, Neptune, Juno, and Pluto. *

Scotus The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of ...

, god of darkness (

); brother of Terra, lover of Nox and opposite Dis. Greek

Erebos In Greek mythology, Erebus (; grc, Ἔρεβος, Érebos, "deep darkness, shadow".), or Erebos, is the personification of darkness and one of the primordial deities. Hesiod's ''Theogony'' identifies him as one of the first five beings in exis ...

; deep, shadow and one of the primordial deities. * Securitas, goddess of security, especially the security of the Roman empire. * Silvanus, god of woodlands and forests. *

Sol Invictus Sol Invictus (, "Unconquered Sun"), sometimes simply known as Helios, was long considered to be the official sun god of the later Roman Empire. In recent years, however, the scholarly community has become divided on Sol between traditionalists ...

, sun god. * Somnus, god of sleep; equates with the Greek Hypnos. * Soranus, a god later subsumed by

in the form Apollo Soranus. *

Sors In Roman mythology, Sors, a lesser deity, was a god of luck. Supposedly a son of Fortuna. Scarcely mentioned in mythology, a handful of quotes cite him in such expressions "By the luck of Sors", or "Lived by a hairs breadth of Sors". Sors is als ...

, god of luck. *

Spes In ancient Roman religion, Spes (pronounced ) was the goddess of hope. Multiple temples to Spes are known, and inscriptions indicate that she received private devotion as well as state cult. Republican Hope During the Republic, a temple to "anc ...

, goddess of hope. * Stata Mater, goddess who protected against fires. Sometimes equated with Vesta. * Sterquilinus ("Manure"), god of fertilizer. Also known as Stercutus, Sterculius, Straculius, Struculius. *

Suadela In Roman mythology, Suada (also called by the diminutive Suadela) was the goddess of persuasion, particularly in the realms of romance, seduction and love. She was strongly associated with Venus. Her Greek name was Peitho and she was worshippe ...

, goddess of persuasion, her Greek equivalent was Peitho. *

, god of nocturnal thunder. *

Sulis Minerva In the localised Celtic polytheism practised in Great Britain, Sulis was a deity worshiped at the thermal spring of Bath (now in Somerset). She was worshiped by the Romano-British as Sulis Minerva, whose votive objects and inscribed lead tab ...

, a

conflation Conflation is the merging of two or more sets of information, texts, ideas, opinions, etc., into one, often in error. Conflation is often misunderstood. It originally meant to fuse or blend, but has since come to mean the same as equate, treati ...

of the Celtic goddess Sul and

T

* Talasius, a god of marriage * Tellumo or Tellurus, male counterpart of Tellus. *

Tempestas In ancient Roman religion, Tempestas (Latin '' tempestas'': "season, weather; bad weather; storm, tempest") is a goddess of storms or sudden weather. As with certain other nature and weather deities, the plural form Tempestates is common. Cicero, in ...

, a goddess of storms or sudden weather, usually plural as the Tempestates * Terra Mater or Tellus, goddess of the earth and land. The Greek equivalent is Gaea, mother of titans, consort of Caelus (Uranus). * Terminus, the rustic god of boundaries. * Tiberinus, river god; deity of the

Tiber The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by th ...

river. * Tibertus, god of the river Anio, a tributary of the Tiber. *

Tranquillitas In Roman mythology, Tranquillitas was the personification of tranquility. Tranquillitas seems to be related to Annona (goddess), Annona (the goddess of the corn harvest from Egypt) and Securitas, implying reference to the peaceful security of the Ro ...

, goddess of peace and tranquility. *

Trivia Trivia is information and data that are considered to be of little value. It can be contrasted with general knowledge and common sense. Latin Etymology The ancient Romans used the word ''triviae'' to describe where one road split or forke ...

, goddess of crossroads and magic, equated with

Hecate Hecate or Hekate, , ; grc-dor, Ἑκάτᾱ, Hekátā, ; la, Hecatē or . is a goddess in ancient Greek religion and mythology, most often shown holding a pair of torches, a key, snakes, or accompanied by dogs, and in later periods depict ...

V

* Vacuna, ancient Sabine goddess of rest after harvest who protected the farmers' sheep; later identified with Nike and worshipped as a war goddess. * Vagitanus, or Vaticanus, opens the newborn's mouth for its first cry. * Vediovus or

Veiovis Vejovis or Vejove ( lat, Vēiovis, italic=yes or ''Vēdiovis''; rare ''Vēive'' or ''Vēdius'') was a Roman god of Etruscan origins. Representation and worship Vejovis was portrayed as a young man, holding a bunch of arrows, pilum, (or light ...

, obscure god, a sort of anti-

, as the meaning of his name suggests. May be a god of the underworld. * Venilia or Venelia, sea goddess, wife of Neptune or Faunus. * Venti, the winds, equivalent to the Greek

Anemoi In ancient Greek religion and myth, the Anemoi ( Greek: , 'Winds') were wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came (see Classical compass winds), and were each associated with various seasons ...

: North wind Aquilo(n) or Septentrio (Greek Boreas); South wind Auster (Greek Notus); East wind Vulturnus ( Eurus); West wind Favonius ( Zephyrus); Northwest wind Caurus or Corus (see minor winds). *

, goddess of love, beauty, sexuality, and gardens; mother of the founding hero

; one of the Dii Consentes. * Veritas, goddess and personification of the Roman virtue of veritas or truth. * Verminus, god of cattle worms. * Vertumnus, Vortumnus or Vertimnus, god of the seasons, and of gardens and fruit trees. * Vesta, goddess of the hearth, the Roman state, and the sacred fire; one of the Dii Consentes. *

Vica Pota In ancient Roman religion, Vica Pota was a goddess whose shrine ''(aedes)'' was located at the foot of the Velian Hill, on the site of the ''domus'' of Publius Valerius Publicola. This location would place the temple on the same side of the Velia as ...

, goddess of victory and competitions. * Victoria, goddess of victory. * Viduus, god who separated the soul and body after death. * Virbius, a forest god, the reborn Hippolytus. *

Virtus ''Virtus'' () was a specific virtue in Ancient Rome. It carries connotations of valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths (from Latin ''vir'', "man"). It was thus a frequently stated virtue o ...

, god or goddess of military strength, personification of the Roman virtue of

virtus ''Virtus'' () was a specific virtue in Ancient Rome. It carries connotations of valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths (from Latin ''vir'', "man"). It was thus a frequently stated virtue o ...

. * Volturnus, god of water, was assigned a flamen minor. Not to be confused with Vulturnus. * Voluptas, goddess of pleasure. * Vulcan, god of the forge, fire, and blacksmiths, husband to Venus, and one of the Dii Consentes, was assigned a flamen minor.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roman Deities Mythology-related lists Lists of deities

Deities A deity or god is a supernatural being who is considered divine or sacred. The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines deity as a god or goddess, or anything revered as divine. C. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greater ...