HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

This is a list of Galician words of Celtic origin, many of them being shared with
Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...
(sometimes with minor differences) since both languages are from medieval
Galician-Portuguese Galician-Portuguese ( gl, galego-portugués or ', pt, galego-português or ), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle ...
. A few of these words existed in
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
as loanwords from a Celtic source, usually
Gaulish Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switze ...
, while others have been later received from other languages, mainly French, Occitan, and in some cases
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
. Finally, some were directly acquired from Gallaecian, the local pre-Latin Celtic language. Any form with an asterisk (*) is unattested and therefore hypothetical. A systematic investigation of the Celtic words in Galician-Portuguese is still lacking.


A - C

* abanqueiro 'waterfall' < *'(beaver) dam', formally a derivative in -arium of *abanco, from
Proto-Celtic Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celti ...
*abankos 'beaver, water demon'Ward A. (1996), s.v.Matasovic R. (2009), s.v. cognate of Old Irish ''abacc'' 'dwarf', Welsh ''afanc'' 'beaver, dwarf', Breton ''avank'' 'dwarf, sea monster'. Akin also to Arpitan ''avans'' 'wicker'. * abeneiro ' common alder', a derivative in -arium of *abona 'river', related to Breton ''aven'', Welsh ''afon'', Irish ''abha/abhainn'' 'river'. * abrancar 'to embrace', from Latin ''branca'' 'paw', of probable Celtic origin. * abrollar 'to sprout', from Celtic *brogilos 'copse'. * álamo 'poplar tree', Germ. ''*elmaz'' 'elm' (< *h1elHm-o), Latin ''ulmus'' 'elm' (< *h1elHm-o), Celtic ''*alamo'' (by Joseph's rule < *elamo < *h1elHm-o)., but Gaulish ''lemo-'' / ''limo-'' 'elm', Old Irish ''lem'' 'elm' (< ''*limos'') * Old Galician ambas p'waters, river', ambas mestas 'confluence', from Celtic ambe 'water, river', akin to Gaulish ''ambe'' 'river', Old Irish ''abu''. * androlla 'pig's large intestine', from *anterolia 'entrails' < *h1ṇter-o 'that is between, internal', Asturian ''androya'', Sanskrit ''antrá'' 'entrails, guts', Armenian ''ənderk'', Hittite ''andurza'' 'insides', Greek ''éntera'', Celtic ''enātro''OBAYA VALDÉS, Marcos 2017 "Averamientu al astúricu. Vocalización de les nasales del grau-cero indo-européu". Lletres Asturianes n.º 117. Ed. ALLA * angazo 'rake', from *ankatio 'hook' < *h2ṇk-ā-tyo, Asturian ''angazu'' and ''angüezu'', old Irish ''écath'' ‘fish hook’, middle Welsh ''anghad'' < *h2ṇk-o-to (EDPC: 37). * banzo (alternative spelling banço) 'crossbar, beam', from *wṇk-yo, cognate of Spanish ''banzo''; akin to Irish '' féice'' < *wenk-yo, 'ridgepole'. :Derivatives: banza 'backrest', banzado, banzao 'palisade, dam'. * barga 'hut; wall made of hurdles; hurdle, fence', from Celtic *wraga, cognate of Spanish ''varga'' 'hut', French ''barge'', akin to Old Irish ''fraig'', Irish ''fraigh'' 'braided wall, roof, pen', Br ''gwrac'hell'' 'haybale, rick of hay'. :Derivatives: bargo 'stake or flagstone used for making fences or walls'; barganzo, bargado 'hurdle, fence'. * barra 'garret, loft, upper platform', from proto-Celtic *barro-, cognate of Irish, Breton ''barr'' 'summit, peak, top', Welsh ''bar'' * bascullo 'bundle of straw; broom', from proto-Celtic *baski- 'bundle', cognate of Gascon ''bascojo'' 'basket', Asturian ''bascayu'' 'broom', Breton ''bec'h'' 'bundle, load'. * berro 'watercress', from proto-Celtic *beru-ro-, cognate of Spanish ''berro''; akin to Old Irish ''biror'', Welsh ''berwr'', Old Breton ''beror''; similarly French ''berle'' 'water parsnip' (< ''berula ''; Ir ''biolar'', Breton ''beler''). * bico 'beak, kiss', from proto-Celtic *bekko-, cognate of Italian ''becco'', French ''bec''. :Derivatives: bicar 'to kiss', bicaño 'hill', bicallo (a fish, Gadus luscus). * bidueiro < *betūlariu, biduo < *betūlu, bidulo < *betūllu 'birch', from Celtic *betu- or *betū-, cognate of Spanish ''biezo'', Catalan ''beç'', Occitan ''bèç'' (< bettiu); Spanish ''abedul'', French ''bouleau'', Italian ''betulla'' (< betula); akin to Irish ''beith'', Welsh ''bedw'', Breton ''bezv''. :Derivatives: Bidueiral, Bidual 'place with birch-trees'. * billa, alternative spelling bilha, 'spigot; stick' to Proto-Celtic *beljo- 'tree, trunk',Matasovic (2009) s.v. akin to Old Irish ''bille'' 'large tree, tree trunk', Manx ''billey'' 'tree', Welsh ''pill'' 'stump', Breton ''pil''; cognate of French ''bille'' 'log, chunk of wood'. * borba 'mud, slime, mucus', from proto-Celtic *borwâ-, cognate of French ''bourbe'' 'mud'; akin to Irish ''borb'' 'mud, slime', ''bearbh'' 'boiling', Welsh ''berw'' 'boiling', Breton ''berv'' 'broth, bubbling'. :Derivatives: borbento 'mucilaginous'. * borne 'edge', from French ''borne'' 'milestone, landmark', from Old French ''bosne'', ''bodne'', from Vulgar Latin ''*bodĭna / *budĭna'' 'border tree', from proto-Celtic *botina 'troop'., akin to Old Irish ''buiden'', Welsh ''byddin'' 'army' (from ''*budīnā'') * braga 'trousers', from proto-Celtic *braco-, cognate of Spanish, Occitan ''braga'', French ''braie'', Italian ''brache''. :Derivatives: bragal, bragada 'spawn', bragueiro 'trus'. * braña (alternative spelling branha) 'meadow, bog, quagmire', from proto-Celtic *bragno-, cognate of Asturian and Cantabrian ''braña'', Catalan ''braina'', akin to Irish ''brén,'' Welsh ''braen,'' Breton ''brein'' 'putrid'; Ir ''bréanar,'' W ''braenar'', Br ''breinar'' 'fallow field'. :Derivatives: brañal, brañeira, brañento 'idem'. * breixo 'heather', from *broccius, from Proto-Celtic *vroiki-, akin to Old Irish ''froich'', Welsh ''grug, gwrug'', Cornish ''grug'', Breton ''brug''; cognate of Spanish ''brezo'', Occitan ''bruga'', French ''bruyère''. * Old Galician bren 'bran', maybe from Provençal ''brem'', from proto-Celtic *brenno-, cognate of French ''bran'', Lombard ''bren''. * bringa stalk, rod', from *brīnikā, from Celtic *brīnos 'rod'; akin to Welsh ''brwyn'' 'rush', Cornish ''broenn'', Breton ''broen''; cognate of French ''brin'' 'blade (of grass), stalk'. * brío 'might, power', from Italian ''brio'', from Catalan/Old Occitan ''briu'' 'wild', from Celtic *brigos, cognate of Occitan ''briu'', Old French ''brif'' 'finesse, style'; akin to Old Irish ''bríg'' 'power', Welsh ''bri'' 'prestige, authority', Breton ''bri'' 'respect'. * Old Galician busto 'cattle farm, dairy', from a Celtic compound *bow-sto- meaning 'cow-place', akin to Celtiberian ''boustom'' 'cow shed, byre', Old Irish ''bua-thech'' 'cow house/byre'; cognate of Portuguese ''bostar'', Spanish ''bustar'' :Derivatives: bustar 'pastures'. * cai 'quay, jetty', maybe from French (itself from Norman) ''quai'', from proto-Celtic *kag-yo-, akin to Welsh ''cae'', Cornish ''ke'', Breton ''kae'' 'hedge'; French ''chai'' 'cellar'. * callao 'boulder; pebble', from Celtic *kalyāwo- 'stone'. * cambiar 'to change', from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
''cambiare'', from proto-Celtic *kambo-, cognate of French ''changer'', Occitan/Spanish ''cambiar'', Catalan ''canviar'', Italian ''cambiare''; akin to Breton ''kemm'' 'exchange', Old Irish ''cimb'' 'ransom'. :Derivatives: cambio 'exchange', cambiador 'exchanger'. * camba 'wheel rim' from proto-Celtic *kambo-, cognate of Old Irish ''camm'' 'crooked, bent, curved'. Cognate of Occitan ''cambeta'' 'part of plough', Limousin Occitan ''chambija'' (< ''*cambica'') 'part of plough' :Derivatives: cambito, cambada, camballa, cambeira 'coil; crooked log for hanging fish', cambela 'type of plough', cambota 'beam'. * camiño 'pathway', alternative spelling caminho, from Vulgar Latin *cammīnus, from proto-Celtic *kanxsman-, cognate of Italian ''cammino'', French ''chemin'', Spanish ''camino'', Catalan ''camí'', Occitan ''camin''; akin to Old Irish ''céimm'', Cornish and Breton ''kamm'' 'step', Asturian ''galmu'' 'step' < *kan-mo. : Derivatives: camiñar 'to walk'. * camisa 'shirt' from Latin, from Gaulish ''camisia''. cognate of Spanish/Occitan ''camisa'', Italian ''camicia'', French ''chemise'' * cando 'dry stick', from medieval ''candano'', from Celtic *kando- 'bright, white', cognate of Welsh ''cann'' 'bright, light'. * canga 'collar, yoke', from Celtic *kambika. * canto 'rim, corner', from proto-Celtic *kanto-, akin to Old Irish ''cét'' 'round stone pillar, Welsh ''cant'' 'tire rim', Breton ''kant'' 'disk'; cognate of Old French ''chant'', Occitan ''cant'', Spanish ''canto''. : Derivatives: recanto 'corner', cantón 'edge of a field', acantoar 'to hide, to isolate', cantil 'cliff' * carozo 'fruit core', asturian ''caruezu'', both from *karosio < *kro-o-syo, related with Celtic *karīso ‘fruit core’ (< *kro-ī-so, Welsh ''ceri'', Schrijver 1991, 208) and Latin ''carīna'' ‘nut shell’ (< *kro-is-na, EDL: 93). * carro 'cart, wagon', from Vulgar Latin ''carrum'', from proto-Celtic *karro-, cognate of Rumanian ''car'', Italian ''carro'', French ''char'', Provençal ''car'', Spanish ''carro''; akin to Irish ''carr'', Welsh ''car'', Breton ''karr''. : Derivatives: carreira 'road', carregar 'to load'. * caxigo 'oak; Portuguese oak', from *cassīcos, from Celtic *cassos 'curly, twisted', akin to Irish ''cas'' 'twist, turn, spin', Old Welsh ''cas''cord 'to twist'; cognate of Asturian ''caxigu'', Aragonese ''caixico'', Gascon ''casse'', French ''chêne'' 'oak' (< *cassanos). * centolo ' European spider crab', akin to Gaulish personal name CINTULLOS 'the first one', from PCl *kintu- 'first'. * cervexa 'beer', alternative spelling cerveja, from Vulgar Latin *cerevisia, from Gaulish Cognates: Old French ''cervoise'', Provençal, Spanish ''cerveza''; akin to Old Irish ''coirm'', Welsh ''cwrw'', Cornish and Breton ''korev''. * cheda 'lateral external board of a cart, where the crossbars are affixed', from Medieval Latin ''cleta'', from proto-Celtic *klētā, cognate of Irish ''cloí'' (''cloidhe'') 'fence', ''clíath'' 'palisade, hurdle', Welsh ''clwyd'' 'barrier, wattle, scaffolding, gate', Cornish ''kloos'' 'fence', Breton ''kloued'' 'barrier, fence'; cognate of French ''claie'' 'rack, wattle fencing', Occitan ''cleda'', Catalan ''cleda'' 'livestock pen', Basque ''gereta''. * choco 'cowbell; squid', from proto-Celtic *klokko-, akin to Old Irish ''clocc'', Welsh ''cloch'', Breton ''kloc'h''; cognate of Asturian ''llueca'' and ''llócara'' 'cowbell', French ''cloche'' 'bell', German ''Glock''. :Derivatives: chocar 'to bang, to shock', chocallo 'cowbell'. * colmea 'beehive', from a Celtic form *kolmēnā 'made of straw' (cf. Spanish ''colmena'' 'beehive'), from *kolmos 'straw', which gave Leonese ''cuelmo''; cf. Welsh ''calaf'' "reed, stalk", Cornish ''kala'' and ''kalaven'' "straw", Breton ''kolo'' "stalk"). * cómaro, comareiro 'limits of a patch or field, usually left intentionally unploughed', from proto-Celtic *kom-ɸare-(yo)-, cognate of Old Irish ''comair'' 'in front of', Welsh ''cyfair'' 'direction, place, spot, acre'. Or either to *kom-boros 'brought together'. :Derivatives: acomarar 'to mark out a field (literally to dote with cómaros)'. * comba 'valley, inflexion', from proto-Celtic *kumbā, cognate of North Italian ''comba'', French ''combe'', Occitan ''comba''; akin to Irish ''com'', Welsh ''cwm'' 'hollow (land form)', Cornish ''komm'' 'small valley, dingle', Breton ''komm'' 'small valley, deep water'. * combarro combarrizo 'shed, shelter', from proto-Celtic *kom-ber-o- 'bring together'. Cognate of Middle French combres 'palisade in a river, for fishing'. * combo (adj.) 'curved, bent', from Celtic *kumbo-,Meyer-Lübke 2387 cognate of Provençal ''comb'', Spanish ''combo''. :Derivatives: combar 'to bend'. * comboa 'corral used for capturing fish trapped in low tide', from Old Galician ''combona'', from Celtic *combā 'valley' or *cambos 'bent'. * croio 'rolling stone', croia 'pip', from old-galician ''crougia'' > ''*cruia'' 'stone', Proto-Celtic *krowka (EDPC: 226, Oir. ''crùach'' 'hill'. W. ''crug'' 'cairn, hillock'. Derivatives: croio (adj.) 'ugly, rude'; croído, croieira 'stony place/beach'. * crouca 'head; withers (ox)', from Celtic croucā, cognate of Provençal ''crauc'' 'heap', Occitan ''cruca'' 'cape (land form)'; akin to Irish ''cruach'' 'pile, haystack', Welsh ''crug'' 'hillock, barrow, heap', Cornish and Breton ''krug'' 'mound, barrow'. :Derivatives: crocar 'swell, bulge, bruise', croque 'bump'. * curro 'corral, pen; corner', from Celtic *korro-, akin to Middle Irish ''cor'' 'circle, turn', ''corrán'' 'sickle', Welsh ''cor'' 'enclosure', Cornish ''kor'' 'turn, veering'; cognate of Spanish ''corro, corral''. :Derivatives: curruncho, currucho, currullo 'corner, end', currusco 'protruding part (in bread)', curral 'corral, pen'.


D - Z

* dorna 'a type of boat; trough, measurement (volume)', from proto-Celtic *durno- 'fist'., Irish ''dorn'' fist, Welsh ''dwrn'', Cornish and Breton ''dorn'' 'hand'; Akin to Old French, Occitan ''dorn'', 'a handful'. Nevertheless, the Asturian ''duerna'' 'bowl' demand a form **dorno-, and for this reason, perhaps a form *dor-no (made of wood) is more possible. * embaixada 'embassy', from Provençal ''ambaissada'', from ''ambaissa'' 'service, duty', from proto-Celtic *ambactos 'servant', akin to Welsh ''amaeth'' 'farm', Cornish ''ammeth'' 'farming', Old Breton ''ambaith'', modern Breton ''amaezh''. * engo, irgo '
danewort ''Sambucus ebulus'', also known as danewort, dane weed, danesblood, dwarf elder or European dwarf elder, walewort,Westwood, Jennifer (1985). ''Albion. A Guide to Legendary Britain''. London : Grafton Books. . p. 103 dwarf elderberry, elderwort ...
', from *édgo, from a
Low Latin Late Latin ( la, Latinitas serior) is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the , and continuing into the 7th century in ...
EDUCUS, from Gaulish odocos, idem. Cognate of Spanish ''yezgo'', Asturian ''yeldu'', Provençal ''olègue'', idem. * gabela 'handful, faggot', alternative spelling gavela, from proto-Celtic *gabaglā-, cognate of French ''javelle'', Provençal ''gavela'', Spanish ''gavilla''; akin to Old Cornish ''gavael'' 'catch, capture', Irish ''gabháil'' 'get, take, grab, capture', ''gabhal'' 'fork'. * galga 'plain stone', from *gallikā, to Proto-Celtic *gallos 'stone', akin to Irish ''gall'', French ''jalet'' 'stone bullet' ''galet'' 'pebble' ''galette'' 'plain cake', Spanish ''galga''. : Derivatives: ''galgar'' 'carving a stone to make it plain and regular'. * gorar 'to hatch, to brood (an egg, or a sickness)', from proto-Celtic *gʷhor-, akin to Irish ''gor'' 'sit on eggs, brood (eggs)' Welsh/Cornish ''gori'' 'to brood, sit (on eggs)', Breton ''goriñ''. :Derivatives: goro 'warmed infertile egg'. * gubia 'gouge', from Celtic *gulbia, from *gulb- 'beak', cognate of Portuguese ''goiva'', Spanish ''gubia'', French ''gouge'', Italian ''gubba''; akin to Old Irish ''gulba'' 'sting', Irish ''gealbhán'' 'sparrow', Welsh ''gylyf'' 'sickle', ''gylf'' 'beak'. * lándoa 'uncultivated plot', from *landula, Romance derivative of proto-Celtic *landā, cognate of Old Irish ''lann'' 'land, plot', Welsh ''lann'' 'church-yard', Breton ''lann'' 'heath', French ''lande'' 'sandy moor, heath', Provençal, Catalan ''landa''. * laxe 'stone slab', alternative spelling lage, from the medieval form ''lagena'', from proto-Celtic *ɸlāgenā, cognate of Old Irish ''lágan'', ''láigean'', Welsh ''llain'' 'broad spearhead, blade'; akin to Irish ''láighe'' 'mattock, spade'. * legua or légua 'league', to Proto-Celtic *leukā, cognate of French ''lieue'', Spanish ''legua''; akin to Old Irish ''líe'' (genitive ''líag'') 'stone', Irish ''lia'' * leira 'plot, delimited and levelled field', from the medieval form ''laria'', from proto-Celtic *ɸlār-yo-, akin to Old Irish ''làr'' 'ground, floor', Cornish and Breton ''leur'' 'ground', Welsh ''llawr'' 'floor'. However, for the Spanish dialectal ''lera'' 'vegetable garden, area of land' (Salamanca) is proposed a Latin origin *illam aream > *l'aream > laira, which don't appears to be appropriate for the Galician forms, already documented as ''larea'' and ''ipsa larea'' in 870. :Derivatives: leiro 'small, ou unleveled, plot', leirar 'land working', leiroto, leiruca 'small plot'. * Old Galician ler 'sea, seashore', from proto-Celtic *liros, cognate of Old Irish ''ler'', Irish ''lear'', Welsh ''llyr'' 'sea'. * lercha 'rod, stick (used for hanging fish)', from proto-Celtic *wliskā 'stick', cognate of Old Irish ''flesc''. * lousa 'flagstone', from Proto-Celtic *laws-, cognate of Provençal ''lausa'', Spanish ''losa'', French ''losenge'' 'diamond'. : Derivatives: enlousar 'to cover with flagstones', lousado 'roof'. * marulo 'big, fat kid', from *mārullu, diminutive of Proto-Celtic *māros 'large, great, big', akin to Irish ''mór'', Welsh ''mawr'', Cornish and Breton ''meur''. * meniño 'kid, child, baby', alternative spelling meninho, from medieval ''mennino'', from proto-Celtic *menno-, akin to Old Irish ''menn'' 'kid (goat)', Irish ''meannán'', Welsh ''myn'', Cornish ''mynn'', Breton ''menn''. : Derivatives: meniñez 'childhood'. * miñoca 'earthworm', alternative spelling minhoca, dialectal mioca, miroca, from medieval *milocca, from proto-Celtic *mîlo-, akin to Asturian ''milu, merucu'' 'earthworm', Irish ''míol'' 'worm, maggot', Welsh, Cornish and Breton ''mil'' 'animal'. * mostea 'bundle of straw', from proto-Celtic *bostā- 'hand, palm, fist'., Irish ''bos, bas'' 'palm of hand'. * olga 'patch, plot', from proto-Celtic *ɸolkā, cognate of French ''ouche'', Provençal ''olca''. Nevertheless, *ɸolkā should become **''ouca''. * osca 'notch', from Celtic *oska 'idem', cognate of Asturian ''güezca'', Occitan ''osca'', Old French ''osche'', Modern French ''ouche'', Welsh ''osg'' 'idem'. * peza 'piece', alternative spelling peça, from Vulgar Latin *pettia, from Gaulish ''petsi'', from proto-Celtic *kʷezdi, cognate of Italian ''pezza'', French ''pièce'', Spanish ''pieza''; akin to Old Irish ''cuit'' (Irish ''cuid'') 'piece, share, part', Welsh ''peth'' 'thing', Breton ''pezh''. :Derivatives: empezar 'to begin'. * rego rega 'furrow, ditch', from proto-Celtic *ɸrikā, akin to Welsh ''rhych'', Breton ''reg'', Scottish/Irish ''riach'' 'trace left from something'; cognate of French ''raie'', Occitan, Catalan ''rega'', Basque ''erreka'', Italian ''riga'' 'wrinkle'. :Derivatives: derregar 'to mark out a field', regato 'stream, gully, glen'. * reo 'Salmo trutta trutta', from a Celtic form ''rhedo'' (Ausonius). * rodaballo '
turbot The turbot (''Scophthalmus maximus'') is a relatively large species of flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae. It is a demersal fish native to marine or brackish waters of the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is an ...
', alternative spelling rodavalho, from a Celtic composite form *roto-ball-jo-, meaning 'round-extremity', akin to Irish ''roth'' 'wheel', Welsh ''rhod'', Breton ''rod'', and Irish ''ball'' 'limb, organ'. * saboga, samborca '
allis shad The allis shad (''Alosa alosa'') is a widespread Northeast Atlantic species of fish in the herring family, Clupeidae. It is an anadromous fish which migrates into fresh water to spawn. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the western Bal ...
', akin to Gaulish ''samauca'', idem, from Celtic *samākā 'summery'. * saio 'coat' and saia 'skirt', from the medieval form ''sagia'', from an ancient Celtic form from which also Latin ''sagum'' 'robe'. * seara, senra 'sown field recently broken up, but which is left fallow', from a medieval form ''senara'', a Celtic compound of *seni- 'apart, separated' (cf. Old Irish ''sain'' 'alone', Welsh ''han'' 'other') and *aro- 'ploughed field'. (cf. Welsh ''âr'', Irish ''ár'' 'ploughed field'). * tasca and tascón 'swingle', related to Galatian ''taskós'' 'peg, stake'. * tol and tola / f'irrigation channel', to Proto-Celtic *tullo- 'pierced, perforated', akin to Irish ''toll'' 'hollow, cave, hole', Welsh ''twll'' 'hole', Cornish ''toll'' 'hole', Breton ''toull'' 'hole'; cognate of Spanish ''tollo'' 'hole', Catalan ''toll'' 'pool in a river', Old French ''tolon'' 'hill, upland'. * tona 'skin, bark, scum of milk', from proto-Celtic *tondā, cognate of Old Irish ''tonn'', Welsh ''tonn''. :Derivatives: toneira 'pot for obtaining butter from the milk'. * toxo alternative spelling tojo, 'gorse, furze (''Ulex europaeus'')', from Celtic *togi-, akin to Spanish/Gascon ''toja'', French dialectal ''tuie''. :Derivatives: fura-toxos 'marten'; toxa 'ulex gallii'; toxedo, toxa, toxeira 'place with toxos'. * trosma 'awkward, dimwitted', from proto-Celtic *trudsmo- or *truksmo- 'heavy', akin to Old Irish ''tromm'', Welsh ''trwm''. * trado, trade 'auger', from proto-Celtic *taratro-, cognate of Irish ''tarathar'', Welsh ''taradr'', Breton ''tarar'', Occitan ''taraire'', Catalan ''taradre'', Spanish ''taladro'', French ''tarière'', Romansch ''tarader''. :Derivatives: tradar 'to drill'. :tranca tranco 'beam, pole', from proto-Celtic *tarankā, cognate of Spanish ''tranca'' 'club, cudgel', French ''taranche'' 'screw bar, ratchet (wine press)', Provençal ''tarenco''; akin to OIr ''tairinge'' 'iron nail, tine', Ir ''tairne'' 'metal nail, Sc ''tairnge'' 'nail'. :Derivatives: taranzón 'pillar inside the potter's oven' < *tarankyon-, tarangallo 'Wood nail, pin', trancar 'to bar a door'. * trebo, trobo 'beehive', from the medieval form ''trebano'', proto-Celtic *trebno-, akin to Old Irish ''treb'' 'farm', Cornish ''tre'' 'home; town', Welsh ''tref'' 'town'; akin to Asturian ''truébanu'' 'beehive', Provençal ''trevar'' 'to dwell, live (at)'. * trogo 'sadness, anxiety, pity', from proto-Celtic *trougos, akin to Old Irish ''tróg'', Irish ''trogha'', Welsh ''tru'' 'wretched', Breton ''tru'' 'miserable'; cognate of Portuguese ''truhão'', Spanish ''truhan'' 'baffoon, jester', French ''truand'' 'beggar', Dutch ''treurig'' 'sad'. *trollo 'semicircular rake to move the oven's hot coals'. Bret. ''troellen'', Cornish ''trolh'', Welsh ''troel'', 'idem'. However, Benozzo does not know the phonetic laws of Galician. The expected reflex of Celtic *''trullo'' would be Modern Galician **trolo; ''trollo'' can be explained as a regular development from the Latin ''trulleus'' 'scoop'. * turro 'boulder, heap', from a probably Celtic etymon *tūrra 'heap of earth', cognate of Welsh ''twrr'' 'heap'. * vasalo 'vassal' (alternative spelling vassalo), from Vulgar Latin ''vassalus'', from proto-Celtic *wasto-, cognate of French ''vassal'', Spanish ''vasallo'', Middle Irish ''foss'' 'servant', Welsh ''gwas'' 'servant; lad', Breton ''gwaz''. * verea 'main road', from the medieval form ''vereda'', from Celtic *uɸo-rēdo-,Matasovic R. (2009), s.v. *ufo-rēdos cognate of Spanish ''vereda'' 'pathway'; akin to Welsh ''gorwydd'' 'steed', Vulgar Latin ''veredus'' 'horse', French ''palefroi'' 'steed' (< *para-veredus).


Notes


Literature

* Bascuas López, Edelmiro (2006). ''La Diosa Reve y los trasancos''
Estudios Mindonienses (22)
801-842. * Bascuas López, Edelmiro (2008). ''La hidronimia de Galicia. Tres estratos: paleoeuropeo, celta y latino''
Estudios Mindonienses (24)
521-550. * * Carvalho Calero, Ricardo (1976). ''Gramática elemental del gallego común''. Galaxia.
Google Books
* Coromines, J. (1997). ''Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana''. Gredos. . * DCECH = * Donkin, T. C. (1864). ''An etymological dictionary of the Romance languages; chiefly from the Germ. of F. Diez''. Williams and Norgate
Online at the Internet Archive
* * Mariño Paz, Ramon (1998). ''Historia da lingua galega''. Sotelo Blanco. . * Matasovic, R. (2009). ''Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic''. Brill. . * Meyer-Lübke, W. (1911). ''Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Carl Winter's U
Online at the Internet Archive
* Moralejo, Juán J. (2007
''Callaica Nomina''
A Coruña: Fundación Barrié. 2007. . * Prósper, Blanca María (2002). ''Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la península ibérica.'' Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. . * * Ward, A. (1996). ''A Checklist of Proto-Celtic lexical Items''
Online at Scribd.


Dictionaries




Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Galician Words Of Celtic Origin Celtic Galician