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France was ruled by
monarchs A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in ...
from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia.


Titles

The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
: ''Rex Franciae''; French: ''roi de France'') was
Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...
in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ''Francorum Rex'' continued to be sometimes used, for example by
Louis XII Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed and brother in law at the tim ...
in 1499, by Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II in about 1550; it was also used on coins up to the eighteenth century. During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–1792) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the
style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...
"
King of the French The precise style of French sovereigns varied over the years. Currently, there is no French sovereign; three distinct traditions (the Legitimist, the Orleanist, and the Bonapartist) exist, each claiming different forms of title. The three styles ...
" (''roi des Français'') was used instead of " King of France (and Navarre)". It was a constitutional innovation known as popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the French people rather than to the possession of the territory of France. With the House of Bonaparte, the title "
Emperor of the French Emperor of the French (French: ''Empereur des Français'') was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires. Details A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was procla ...
" (''Empereur des Français'') was used in 19th-century France (during the first and second French Empires) between 1804 and 1814, again in 1815, and between 1852 and 1870. From the 14th century down to 1801, the English (and later British) monarch claimed the throne of France, though such claim was purely nominal excepting a short period during the Hundred Years' War when Henry VI of England had control over most of Northern France, including Paris. By 1453, the English had been mostly expelled from France and Henry's claim has since been considered illegitimate; French historiography commonly does not recognize Henry VI of England among the kings of France.


Frankish kings

In August 843 AD, the Treaty of Verdun divided Francia into three kingdoms, one of which (
Middle Francia Middle Francia ( la, Francia media) was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united empire. Middle Franc ...
) was short-lived; the other two evolved into France ( West Francia) and, eventually, Germany ( East Francia). By this time, the eastern and western parts of the land had already developed different languages and cultures.


Carolingian dynasty (843–887)

The Carolingians were a
Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages * Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany * East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...
noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The family consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and '' dux et princeps Francorum'' hereditary and becoming the real powers behind the
Merovingian kings The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gauli ...
. The dynasty is named after one of these mayors of the palace, Charles Martel, whose son Pepin the Short dethroned the Merovingians in 751 and, with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy, was crowned King of the Franks. Under
Charles the Great Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "f ...
(r. 768–814), better known as " Charlemagne", the Frankish kingdom expanded deep into Central Europe, conquering
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
and most of modern
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. He was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), who eventually divided the kingdom between his sons. His death, however, was followed by a 3-year-long civil war that ended with the Treaty of Verdun. Modern France developed from West Francia, while East Francia became the Holy Roman Empire and later
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.


Robertian dynasty (888–898)


Carolingian dynasty (898–922)


Robertian dynasty (922–923)


Bosonid dynasty (923–936)


Carolingian dynasty (936–987)


Capetian dynasty (987–1792)

The Capetian dynasty is named for Hugh Capet, a Robertian who served as Duke of France and was elected King in 987. Except for the Bonaparte-led Empires, every monarch of France was a male-line descendant of Hugh Capet. The kingship passed through patrilineally from father to son until the 14th century, a period known as Direct Capetian rule. Afterwards, it passed to the
House of Valois The Capetian house of Valois ( , also , ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the f ...
, a cadet branch that claimed descent from Phillip III. The Valois claim was disputed by the House of Plantagenet, founded by Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, which had also recently come into possession of the throne of England; the two houses fought the Hundred Years War over the issue, and with Henry VI of England being for a time partially recognized as King of France. The Valois line died out in the late 16th century, during the French Wars of Religion, to be replaced by the distantly related House of Bourbon, which claimed descent through the Direct Capetian Louis IX. The Bourbons would rule France until deposed in the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
, though they would be restored to the throne after the fall of Napoleon's empire. The last Capetian to rule would be
Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...
, king of the July Monarchy, a member of the cadet
House of Bourbon-Orléans A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ...
.


House of Capet (987–1328)

The House of Capet are also commonly known as the "Direct Capetians".


House of Valois (1328–1589)

The death of Charles IV started the Hundred Years' War between the
House of Valois The Capetian house of Valois ( , also , ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the f ...
and the House of Plantagenet (whose claim was taken up by the cadet branch known as the House of Lancaster) over control of the French throne. The Valois claimed the right to the succession by male-only primogeniture through the ancient Salic Law, having the closest all-male line of descent from a recent French king. They were descended from the third son of Philip III, Charles, Count of Valois. The Plantagenets based their claim on being closer to a more recent French king, Edward III of England being a grandson of Philip IV through his mother, Isabella. The two houses fought the Hundred Years War to enforce their claims; the Valois were ultimately successful, and French historiography counts their leaders as rightful kings. One Plantagenet, Henry VI of England, did enjoy ''
de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...
'' control of the French throne following the
Treaty of Troyes The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French throne upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was formally signed in the French city of Troyes on 21 May 1420 in the aftermath of ...
, which formed the basis for continued English claims to the throne of France until 1801. The Valois line would rule France until the line became extinct in 1589, in the backdrop of the French Wars of Religion. As Navarre did not have a tradition of male-only primogeniture, the Navarrese monarchy became distinct from the French with Joan II, a daughter of Louis X.


House of Valois-Orléans (1498–1515)


House of Valois-Angoulême (1515–1589)


House of Bourbon (1589–1792)

The Valois line looked strong on the death of Henry II, who left four male heirs. His first son, Francis II, died in his minority. His second son, Charles IX, had no legitimate sons to inherit. Following the premature death of his fourth son Hercule François and the assassination of his third son, the childless Henry III, France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne. The best claimant, King Henry III of Navarre, was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility. Ultimately, after winning numerous battles in defence of his claim, Henry converted to Catholicism and was crowned as King Henry IV, founding the House of Bourbon. This marked the second time the thrones of Navarre and France were united under one monarch; as different inheritance laws had caused them to become separated during the events of the Hundred Years Wars. The House of Bourbon would be overthrown during the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
and replaced by a short-lived republic.


Long 19th-century (1792–1870)

The period known as the "long nineteenth century" was a tumultuous time in French politics, the period is generally considered to have begun with the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
, which deposed and then executed Louis XVI. Royalists continued to recognize his son, the putative king
Louis XVII Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a m ...
as ruler of France, however Louis was under arrest by the government of the Revolution, and died in captivity having never ruled. The republican government itself went through several changes in form and constitution until France was declared an empire following the ascension of the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte as Emperor Napoleon I. Napoleon himself would be overthrown twice following military defeats during the Napoleonic Wars. After the Napoleonic period followed two different royal governments, the Bourbon Restoration, which was ruled successively by two younger brothers of Louis XVI, and the July Monarchy, ruled by
Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...
, a distant cousin who claimed descent from Louis XIII. The French Revolution of 1848 brought an end to the monarchy again, instituting a brief Second Republic that lasted only four years before its President declared himself Emperor Napoleon III, who would himself be deposed and replaced by the Third Republic, and ending monarchic rule in France for good.


House of Bourbon, claimant (1792–1804)


House of Bonaparte, First French Empire (1804–1814)


House of Bourbon (1814–1815)


House of Bonaparte, Hundred Days (1815)


Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)


House of Bourbon-Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)

The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the July Revolution of 1830 which deposed
Charles X Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Lou ...
and replaced him with
Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...
, a distant cousin with more liberal politics. Charles X's son Louis signed a document renouncing his own right to the throne only after a 20-minute argument with his father. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. Louis's nephew Henry was likewise considered by some to be Henry V but the new regime did not recognise his claim and he never ruled.


House of Bonaparte, Second French Empire (1852–1870)

The French Second Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared
Emperor of the French Emperor of the French (French: ''Empereur des Français'') was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires. Details A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was procla ...
under the regnal name of Napoleon III. He would later be overthrown during the events of the Franco-Prussian War, becoming the last monarch to rule France.


Later pretenders

Various
pretender A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' ...
s descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France and of one another. These groups are: * Legitimist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of the Bourbons. Unionists recognized the Orléanist claimant after 1883. * Blancs d'Espagne: descendants of
Louis XIV , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Ver ...
, claiming precedence over the House of Bourbon-Orléans by virtue of primogeniture. * Orléanist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Louis-Phillippe, himself descended from a junior line of the Bourbon dynasty, rejecting all heads of state since 1848. * Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France: descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–48 and since 1870. * English claimants to the throne of France: kings of England and later of Great Britain (renounced by Hanoverian King George III upon union with Ireland in 1800). * Jacobite claimants to the throne of France: senior heirs-general of Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne, also claiming England, Scotland, and Ireland.


Timeline

ImageSize = width:1600 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:3 bottom:150 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:843 till:1871 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:900 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:25 start:850 Colors = id:canvas value:white id:carolingian value:rgb(1,0.8,0) id:robertian value:skyblue id:bosonid value:rgb(0.7,0.1,0.1) id:capet value:darkblue id:valois value:oceanblue id:lancaster value:red id:bourbon value:rgb(0,0.75,1) id:orleans value:green id:bonaparte value:purple id:republic value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:eon value:black Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = bar:CharlesIIandI bar:LouisII bar:LouisIII bar:CarlomanII bar:CharlesIIIandII bar:Odo bar:CharlesIII bar:RobertI bar:Rudolph bar:LouisIV bar:Lothair bar:LouisV bar:Hugh bar:RobertII bar:HenryI bar:PhilipI bar:LouisVI bar:LouisVII bar:PhilipII bar:LouisVIII bar:LouisIX bar:PhilipIII bar:PhilipIV bar:LouisX bar:JohnI bar:PhilipV bar:CharlesIV bar:PhilipVI bar:JohnII bar:CharlesV bar:CharlesVI bar:CharlesVII bar:HenryVILancaster bar:LouisXI bar:CharlesVIII bar:LouisXII bar:FrancisI bar:HenryII bar:FrancisII bar:CharlesIX bar:HenryIII bar:HenryIV bar:HenryD bar:LouisXIII bar:LouisXIV bar:LouisXV bar:LouisXVI bar:LouisXVII bar:NapoleonI bar:LouisXVIII bar:NapoleonII bar:CharlesX bar:LouisXIX bar:HenryV bar:LouisPhilipI bar:LouisPhilipII bar:NapoleonIII bar:Space bar:eon PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:CharlesIIandI from:843 till: 877 color:carolingian text:" Charles the Bald" bar:LouisII from:877 till: 879 color:carolingian text:" Louis the Stammerer" bar:LouisIII from:879 till: 882 color:carolingian text:" Louis III" bar:CarlomanII from:882 till: 884 color:carolingian text:"
Carloman_II Carloman II ( 866 – 6 December 884) was the King of West Francia from 879 until his death. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, he and his elder brother, Louis III, divided the kingdom between themselves and ruled jointly until the latter's d ...
" bar:CharlesIIIandII from:882 till: 888 color:carolingian text:"
Charles the Fat Charles III (839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 888. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandso ...
" bar:Odo from:888 till: 898 color:robertian text:" Odo of Paris" bar:CharlesIII from:898 till: 922 color:carolingian text:"
Charles the Simple Charles III (17 September 879 – 7 October 929), called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the Latin ''Carolus Simplex''), was the king of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–923. He was a mem ...
" bar:RobertI from:922 till: 923 color:robertian text:" Robert I" bar:Rudolph from:923 till: 936 color:bosonid text:" Rudolph" bar:LouisIV from:936 till:954 color:carolingian text:" Louis of Outremer" bar:Lothair from:954 till:986 color:carolingian text:" Lothair" bar:LouisV from:986 till:987 color:carolingian text:" Louis V" bar:Hugh from:987 till:996 color:capet text:"
Hugh Capet Hugh Capet (; french: Hugues Capet ; c. 939 – 14 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996. He is the founder and first king from the House of Capet. The son of the powerful duke Hugh the Great and his wife Hedwige of Saxony, ...
" bar:RobertII from:996 till:1031 color:capet text:" Robert II" bar:HenryI from:1031 till:1060 color:capet text:" Henry I" bar:PhilipI from:1060 till:1108 color:capet text:"
Philip I Philip(p) I may refer to: * Philip I of Macedon (7th century BC) * Philip I Philadelphus (between 124 and 109 BC–83 or 75 BC) * Philip the Arab (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor * Philip I of France (1052–1108) * Philip I (archbishop of Cologne) (1 ...
" bar:LouisVI from:1108 till:1137 color:capet text:" Louis VI" bar:LouisVII from:1137 till:1180 color:capet text:" Louis VII" bar:PhilipII from:1180 till:1223 color:capet text:" Philip II Augustus" bar:LouisVIII from:1223 till:1226 color:capet text:" Louis VIII" bar:LouisIX from:1226 till:1270 color:capet text:" Louis IX" bar:PhilipIII from:1270 till:1285 color:capet text:" Philip III" bar:PhilipIV from:1285 till:1314 color:capet text:" Philip IV" bar:LouisX from:1314 till:1316 color:capet text:" Louis X" bar:JohnI from:1316 till:1316 color:capet text:" John I" bar:PhilipV from:1316 till:1322 color:capet text:" Philip V" bar:CharlesIV from:1322 till:1328 color:capet text:" Charles IV" bar:PhilipVI from:1328 till:1350 color:valois text:" Philip VI" bar:JohnII from:1350 till:1364 color:valois text:" John II" bar:CharlesV from:1364 till:1380 color:valois text:"
Charles V Charles V may refer to: * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558) * Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain * Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise * Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690) * Infa ...
" bar:CharlesVI from:1380 till:1422 color:valois text:" Charles VI" bar:CharlesVII from:1422 till:1461 color:valois text:" Charles VII" bar:HenryVILancaster from:1422 till:1453 color:lancaster text:" Henry (II) (Disputed)" bar:LouisXI from:1461 till:1483 color:valois text:"
Louis XI Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (french: le Prudent), was King of France from 1461 to 1483. He succeeded his father, Charles VII. Louis entered into open rebellion against his father in a short-lived revol ...
" bar:CharlesVIII from:1483 till:1498 color:valois text:" Charles VIII" bar:LouisXII from:1498 till:1515 color:valois text:"
Louis XII Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed and brother in law at the tim ...
" bar:FrancisI from:1515 till:1547 color:valois text:" Francis I" bar:HenryII from:1547 till:1559 color:valois text:" Henry II" bar:FrancisII from:1559 till:1560 color:valois text:" Francis II" bar:CharlesIX from:1560 till:1574 color:valois text:" Charles IX" bar:HenryIII from:1574 till:1589 color:valois text:" Henry III" bar:HenryIV from:1589 till:1610 color:bourbon text:" Henry IV" bar:HenryD from:1589 till:1590 color:bourbon text:" Charles (X)" (Disputed) bar:LouisXIII from:1610 till:1643 color:bourbon text:" Louis XIII" bar:LouisXIV from:1643 till:1715 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XIV , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Ver ...
" bar:LouisXV from:1715 till:1774 color:bourbon text:" Louis XV" bar:LouisXVI from:1774 till:1792 color:bourbon text:" Louis XVI" bar:LouisXVII from:1792 till:1795 color:bourbon text:"
Louis XVII Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a m ...
(Disputed)" bar:NapoleonI from:1804 till:1814 color:bonaparte from:1815 till:1815 color:bonaparte text:"
Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
" bar:LouisXVIII from:1815 till:1815 color:bourbon from:1815 till:1824 color:bourbon text:" Louis XVIII" bar:NapoleonII from:1815 till:1815 color:bonaparte text:" Napoleon II (Disputed)" bar:CharlesX from:1824 till:1830 color:bourbon text:"
Charles X Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Lou ...
" bar:LouisXIX from:1830 till:1830 color:bourbon text:" Louis (XIX) (Disputed)" bar:HenryV from:1830 till:1830 color:bourbon text:" Henry (V) (Disputed)" bar:LouisPhilipI from:1830 till:1848 color:orleans text:"
Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...
" bar:LouisPhilipII from:1848 till:1848 color:orleans text:" Louis Philippe II (Disputed)" bar:NapoleonIII from:1852 till:1870 color:bonaparte text:" Napoleon III" align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:6 shift:(-33,5) bar:eon color:eon from: 843 till: 888 color:carolingian text: Carolingian shift:(2,5) from: 888 till: 898 color:robertian text: Robertian from: 898 till: 922 color:carolingian from: 922 till: 923 color:robertian shift:(-8,5) from: 923 till: 936 color:bosonid text: Bosonid from: 936 till: 987 color:carolingian shift:(-40,5) from: 987 till: 1328 color:capet text: Capet from: 1328 till: 1589 color:valois text: Valois from: 1589 till: 1792 color:bourbon text: Bourbon from: 1792 till: 1804 color:republic shift:(-8,5) from: 1804 till: 1814 color:bonaparte text: Bonaparte from: 1814 till: 1815 color:bourbon from: 1815 till: 1815 color:bonaparte from: 1815 till: 1830 color:bourbon shift:(-10,5) from: 1830 till: 1848 color:orleans text: Orléans from: 1848 till: 1852 color:republic from: 1852 till: 1871 color:bonaparte barset:skip


See also

* Family tree of French monarchs * Family tree of French monarchs (simplified) * Style of the French sovereign * English claims to the French throne *
List of French royal consorts This is a list of the women who were queens or empresses as wives of French monarchs from the 843 Treaty of Verdun, which gave rise to West Francia, until 1870, when the Third Republic was declared. Living wives of reigning monarchs technica ...
* List of heirs to the French throne *
List of presidents of France The president of France is the head of state of France. The first officeholder is considered to be Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who was elected in 1848 and provoked the 1851 self-coup to later proclaim himself emperor as Napoleon III. His coup, w ...


Notes


Coronations


References


Citations


Main bibliography

* * * * Jacquin, Emmanuel (2000), ''Les Tuileries, Du Louvre à la Concorde'', Editions du Patrimoine, Centres des Monuments Nationaux, Paris. () * * * * *


Secondary bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Further reading

* * * * * {{Featured list French monarchs
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
Monarch