Criminal gangs are found throughout Mainland China but are most active in

Chongqing Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a municipality in Southwest China. The official abbreviation of the city, "" (), was approved by the State Co ...

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the ...

Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...

Tianjin Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total popu ...

Shenyang Shenyang (, ; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), formerly known as Fengtian () or by its Manchu name Mukden, is a major Chinese sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Liaoning province. Located in central-north Liaoning, it is the provi ...

, and

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, sou ...

as well as in

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Mal ...

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...

and

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...

. The number of people involved in

organized crime Organized crime (or organised crime) is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for profit. While organized crime is generally th ...

on the mainland has risen from around 100,000 in 1986 to around 1.5 million in the year 2000. Since the new century, there are two academic books focusing on Chinese organized crime. Based on rich empirical work, these books offer how Chinese criminal organizations survive in the changing socio-economic and political environment. Y. K. Chu's ''Triads as Business'' looks at the role of Hong Kong Triads in legal, illegal and international markets. Peng Wang's ''The Chinese Mafia'' examines the rise of mainland Chinese organized crime and the political-criminal nexus (collusion between gangs and corrupt police officers) in

reform and opening The Chinese economic reform or reform and opening-up (), known in the West as the opening of China, is the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and " socialist market economy" in the People's Republic of ...

era of China.

Triad societies

The following is a list of Chinese triad societies: * 14K Group 十四K ** 14K Baai Lo 十四K 湃廬 **

14K Chung 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 忠字堆 ** 14K Chung Yee Tong 十四K 忠義堂 **

14K Hau 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 孝字堆 ** 14K Kim 十四K 劍字堆 ** 14K Lai 十四K 禮字堆 ** 14K Lun 十四K 倫字堆 ** 14K Ngai 十四K 毅字堆 **

14K Sai Shing Tong 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 西勝堂 **

14K Sai Yee Tong 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 西義堂 **

14K Sat 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 實字堆 **

14K Shun 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 信字堆 **

14K Tai Huen Chai 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 大圈仔 **

14K Tak 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 德字堆 **

14K Yan 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 仁字堆 **

14K Yee 14K may refer to: * 14K Triad, a Chinese criminal organization * Gnome-Rhône 14K, an aircraft engine of the 1920s and 1930s * 14K, another term for a Fourteener mountain peak (above 14,000 feet) of the Rocky Mountains in western North America. * ...

十四K 義字堆 ** 14K Yee Shing Tong 十四K 義勝堂 ** 14K Yung 十四K 勇字堆 * Long Zi Group 龙子字頭 ** Long Zi Tong 龙子堂 **

Long Zi Kongsi Long may refer to: Measurement * Long, characteristic of something of great duration * Long, characteristic of something of great length * Longitude (abbreviation: long.), a geographic coordinate * Longa (music), note value in early music mensu ...

龙子會館 **

Long Zi Association Long may refer to: Measurement * Long, characteristic of something of great duration * Long, characteristic of something of great length * Longitude (abbreviation: long.), a geographic coordinate * Longa (music), note value in early music mensu ...

龙子协会 ** LZK * Luen Group 聯字頭 ** Luen Kung Lok 聯公樂 ** Luen Lok Tong 聯樂堂(單耳) ** Luen Shun Tong 聯順堂 ** Luen Ying She 聯英社(老聯) ** Luen Fei Ying 聯飛英 ** Luen Hung Ying 聯鴻英 ** Luen To Ying 聯桃英 *

Wo Group Wo Shing Wo or WSW () is the oldest of the Wo Group triad societies, and is the triad with the longest history in Hong Kong. According to the Hong Kong police, the triad is involved in extortion, drug trafficking, gambling and prostitution.

和字頭 **

Wo Shing Wo Wo Shing Wo or WSW () is the oldest of the Wo Group triad societies, and is the triad with the longest history in Hong Kong. According to the Hong Kong police, the triad is involved in extortion, drug trafficking, gambling and prostitution.

和勝和 ** Wo Shing Yee 和勝義 ** Wo On Lok (Shui Fong) 和安樂(水房) ** Wo Hop To 和合圖(老和) ** Wo Lee Kwan 和利群 ** Wo Kao Chi 和九指 ** Wo Kwan Lok 和群樂 ** Wo Lee Wo 和利和 ** Wo Shing Tong 和勝堂 ** Wo Yau Wo 和友和 ** Wo Yee Tong 和義堂 ** Wo Yung Yee 和勇義 ** Wo Hung Shing 和洪勝 ** Wo Kwan Ying 和群英 ** Wo Luen Shing 和聯勝 ** Wo Yat Ping 和一平 ** Wo Yee Ping 和二平 * Ah Kong Company 阿公党 * Ang Bin Hoay 昂斌會 * Ang Soon Tong 洪顺堂 *

Big Circle Gang The Big Circle Gang is a Chinese triad which was established in Hong Kong in the 1970's. They were given the moniker "Big Circle Gang" and were formed by former members of the Red Guards, a paramilitary organization established by Mao Zedong d ...

大圈幫 * Black Dragons 黑龍 * Cai Group * Chongqing group 重慶組 *

Chuen Group Quán is the Pinyin romanization of the Chinese family names / and , as well as a customary spelling of (pinyin: Guān). All written forms of the name are rare enough that they do not appear in the list of the 100 most common Chinese surnames. ...

全字頭 ** Chuen Chi Wo 全志和 **

Chuen Yat Chi Quán is the Pinyin romanization of the Chinese family names / and , as well as a customary spelling of (pinyin: Guān). All written forms of the name are rare enough that they do not appear in the list of the 100 most common Chinese surnames. ...

全一志(老全) * Ghee Hin Kongsi 義興公司 *

Green Gang The Green Gang () was a Chinese secret society and criminal organization, which was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai during the early to mid 20th century. History Origins As a secret society, the origins and hist ...

青帮 * CP=√169 Gang * Hai San 海山 * Ping On 平安 * Rung Group 梯級組 *

Shing Group Shing may refer to: * Shing (Hainish Cycle), a fictional alien race in the Hainish Cycle of novels and short stories by Ursula K. Le Guin, especially in '' City of Illusions''. * Shing (surname), spelling of various Chinese surnames * Shing, Ta ...

盛集團 * Sin Ma 仙馬 * Sio Sam Ong 小三王 * Tung Group 東字頭 ** Tung Kung She 東公社 ** Tung Kwan She 東群社 ** Tung Luen She 東聯社(老東) **

Tung On Tong Tung may refer to: People * Madison Tung, a U.S. Air Force Officer, wrestler, and Rhodes Scholar * Ho-Pin Tung, a dutch race car driver of Chinese descent. * Lola Tung, an actress known for her acting debut on drama series The Summer I Turned Pr ...

東安堂 ** Tung Ying She 東英社 ** Tung On Wo 東安和 ** Tung Kwan Ying 東群英 * Tong Group 同字頭 ** Tong Kwan Ying 同群英 **

Tong Lok Tong may refer to: Chinese *Tang Dynasty, a dynasty in Chinese history when transliterated from Cantonese *Tong (organization), a type of social organization found in Chinese immigrant communities *''tong'', pronunciation of several Chinese char ...

同樂 ** Tong San Wo 同新和(老同) * Jackson Street Boys 積臣街小子 * Kung Lok 功乐 *

Kwong Group Kuang () is a Chinese surname originated from central China. Although Kuang is not amongst the 100 most common Chinese surnames, it is common amongst the Chinese diaspora in Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, United St ...

廣字頭 ** Kwong Hung 廣雄 ** Kwong Luen Shing 廣聯盛(老廣) ** Kwong Shing 廣盛 ** Kwong Sing Tong 廣聲堂 *

Yuet Group Yue or Yueh ( ) may refer to: Places * Guangdong, abbreviated (), a province of China * Yue Nan (), the Chinese name for Vietnam * Zhejiang, commonly abbreviated (), a province of China Languages * Yue Chinese, a branch of Chinese, spoken ...

粵字頭 ** Yuet Kwong 粵廣 **

Yuet Tung Yue or Yueh ( ) may refer to: Places * Guangdong, abbreviated (), a province of China * Yue Nan (), the Chinese name for Vietnam * Zhejiang, commonly abbreviated (), a province of China Languages * Yue Chinese, a branch of Chinese, spoken ...

粵東 * Ching Group 正字頭 **

Ching Lung Tuen Ching may refer to: People * Ching (given name), a unisex name * Ching (surname), a romanization of some Chinese surnames such as Cheng and Zhuang * Ching Hammill (1902–1925), American football player * Ivan Ching Johnson (1898–1979), Canad ...

正龍團 * Chiu Chow Group 潮州幫 **

Fuk Yee Hing Fuk may refer to: * a Chinese character meaning "fortune" (福), also transliterated Fook, Fuku, or Fu *FUK, IATA code of Fukuoka Airport in Japan *a Chinese given name: ** Fuk Li (), physicist at NASA *a misspelling, Internet spelling, or phonet ...

福義興(老福) ** Sun Yee On 新義安(老新) *** Chiu Kwong She 潮光社 ***

Chiu Luen Yee Chiu is a romanization of various Chinese surnames, based on different varieties of Chinese. It may correspond to the surnames spelled in the following ways in Mandarin pinyin: * Zhào () or Zhāo (), from the Cantonese pronunciation * Zhāng () ...

潮聯義 *** Chung Chau Yuet 中秋月 *** Chung Sun Tong 忠信堂 *** Hoi Luk Fung 海陸豐互助社 *** King Yee 敬義 *** Sam Shing She 三聖社 *** Tai Ho Choi 大好彩 *** Yat Lo Fat 一路发幫 *** Yee Kwan 義群 *** Yee Shing Tong 義勝堂 * Wah Ching 華青 *

Wah Kee Wah Kee (华记) is a secret society based in Malaysia and Singapore since the nineteenth century. According to the History of Wah Kee, Wah Kee (华记) was created in Singapore by Su Guanghua (苏广华). His associate Zhao Guangheng (赵� ...

華記 * Taiwan Gangs 台灣幫派 ** Four Seas Gang 四海幫 ** Bamboo Union 竹聯幫 ** Tien Tao Meng (Heavenly Way Alliance) 天道盟 ** Sung Lien Gang (Pine Union) 松聯幫 ** Niu Pu Gang 牛埔幫 ** Chi Hsien Gang (Seven Yin Gang) 七賢幫 ** Ta hu Gang (Big Lake Gang) 大湖幫 ** Hsi Pei Gang (Northwest Gang) 西北幫 **

Pei Lien Gang PEI or Pei may refer to: Places *Matecaña International Airport, Pereira, Colombia, IATA code PEI *Pei County (沛县), Jiangsu, China *Pei Commandery (沛郡), a commandery in Chinese history *Prince Edward Island, a province of Canada * Pei, ...

(North Union) 北聯幫 ** Sun Kuang Gang (Three Lights) 三光幫 ** San Huan Gang (Three Circle) 三環幫 ** Fei Ying Gang (Fly Eagle) 飛鷹幫 ** Monga Group 艋舺角頭

Criminally influenced tongs

* Ivan Tong * Bing Kong Tong * Chang Sing * Four Brothers * Ghee Kong Tong 致公堂 * Hop Sing Tong * Hip Sing Tong * Hung Mun Tong *

Kim Ghee Tong Kim or KIM may refer to: Names * Kim (given name) * Kim (surname) ** Kim (Korean surname) *** Kim family (disambiguation), several dynasties **** Kim family (North Korea), the rulers of North Korea since Kim Il-sung in 1948 ** Kim, Vietnamese f ...

* Long Zii Tong * Pa Hai Tong * Tong Meng Gok * Tong Tran * Tsung Tsin Association * Tung Oon Association * Wing Kong * W Zhang Tong

Gangs

* 21 Boys 廿一仔 * Asian Militants 亞洲進擊 * Black Bugs 黑蟲 * Black Eagles 黑鷹 * Chung Ching Yee (Joe Boys) 忠精義 * Chung Yee 忠義 * Continentals 大陸幣 * Dai Ben (Cookies) 大餅 * Eagle Dragons 龍鷹 * Flying Circle Boys 飛圈仔 * Flying Dragons 飛龍幫 * Fong-Fong Boys 豐芳男 * Fuk Ching 福青 *

Ghost Shadows The Ghost Shadows or GSS () was a Chinese American street gang that was prominent in New York City's Chinatown from the early 1970s to the mid 1990s. Formed in 1971 by immigrants from Taiwan and Hong Kong, the gang is affiliated with the On Leon ...

鬼影幫 * Golden Star 金星 *

Green Dragons The Green Dragons, also known simply as "Dragonsi" (''The Dragons''), are supporters of Slovenian football club Olimpija Ljubljana. They are one of two major football ultras groups in Slovenia, the other being their traditional rivals, the Viole ...

青龍 *

NICKAR CHING The Nixie, Nixy, Nix, Näcken, Nicor, Nøkk, or Nøkken (german: Nixe; nl, nikker, ; da, nøkke; Norwegian nb, nøkk; nn, nykk; sv, näck; fo, nykur; fi, näkki; is, nykur; et, näkk; ang, nicor; eng, neck or ) are humanoid, and ...

香港仔 * Hop Sing Boys 合勝仔 * Hung Pho 紅火 * Immortals 神仙 * Kit Jai 傑仔 * Korrupted Boys 男孩 * Liang Shan (Quen Ying) 梁山 * Mo Ming Pai 無名派 * Phoenician Warriors * Ping Boys 平仔 *

Raiders Raider(s) may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Paul Revere & the Raiders, an American rock band * "Raider", a track from the 1969 album ''Farewell Aldebaran'', by Judy Henske and Jerry Yester * "Raiders", a track from the 1987 album ''Young and ...

攻略 * Red Dragon *

Red Sun ''Red Sun'' (french: Soleil rouge, it, Sole rosso) is a 1971 Franco-Italian international co-production Spaghetti Western film directed by Terence Young and starring Charles Bronson, Toshirō Mifune, Alain Delon, Ursula Andress, and Capucine. ...

紅陽 *

Salakau Salakau ( zh, s=三六九, poj=Saⁿ-la̍k-káu), which means 369 in Hokkien, also known as "Sah Lak Kau", is a street gang or secret society based in Singapore. The numbers 3, 6 and 9 add up to 18, which was the name of an older gang; the nu ...

369 * Seven Stars 七星 * Sing Wa 興華 * Snakehead (gang) 蛇頭 * Suey Sing Boys 萃勝仔 * Taiwan Boys 台灣仔 * Thien Long Boyz 天龍 * Tung On 東安幫 * Viet Ching 越青 * White Dragons 白龍 * White Eagles 白鷹 * White Tigers 白虎 * Yau Lai 友利

Notes

External links

Q&A for tourists on triads in Hong Kong

SF Weekly Feature Article Profiling Member of Hop Sing Tong -- Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow (2007)

An essay about Triads

* ttp://www.mafianj.com/asian/tongs.shtml Asian Organized Crime Groups - Chinese - Tongs and Street Gangs
SF Weekly Feature Article Profiling Member of Hop Sing Tong -- Raymond "Shrimp Boy" Chow (2007)

Encyclopedia of Chicago
Phoenix TV Special Coverage
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Chinese Criminal Organizations Chinese criminal

Criminal organizations Organized crime (or organised crime) is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for profit. While organized crime is generally th ...

Chinese *

Organizations An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from ...

Triad societies

Criminally influenced tongs

Gangs

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links