The Chagatai Khans were the monarchs of the

Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus ( xng, , translit=Čaɣatay-yin Ulus; mn, Цагаадайн улс, translit=Tsagaadain Uls; chg, , translit=Čağatāy Ulusi; fa, , translit=Xânât-e Joghatây) was a Mongol and later Turkicized kh ...

from

Chagatai Khan Chagatai Khan ( Mongolian: ''; Čaɣatay''; mn, Цагадай, translit=Tsagadai; chg, , ''Čaġatāy''; ug, چاغاتاي خان, ''Chaghatay-Xan''; zh, 察合台, ''Chágětái''; fa, , ''Joghatây''; 22 December 1183 – 1 July 1242) ...

's inheritance of the state in 1227 to their removal from power by the

Dzungars The Dzungar people (also written as Zunghar; from the Mongolian words , meaning 'left hand') were the many Mongol Oirat tribes who formed and maintained the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th and 18th centuries. Historically they were one of major tr ...

and their vassals in 1687. The power of the Chagatai Khans varied; from its beginning, the khanate was one of the weakest of the Mongol states and often its rulers were merely figureheads for ambitious conquerors (see

Kaidu Kaidu (Middle Mongol: , Modern Mongol: / , ; ; c. 1230 – 1301) was a grandson of the Mongol khagan Ögedei (1185–1241) and thus leader of the House of Ögedei and the ''de facto'' khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol E ...

and

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kür ...

). ''Note: The following list is incomplete. It excludes several collateral lines that ruled over minor territories and were relatively unimportant.''

Khans of the Chagatai Khanate

*''Blue rows signifies nominal rule.''

Khans of the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

*''Transoxiana remained in the hands of Timur and his successors. For a continued list of tulers of Moghulistan see below.''

Khans of Moghulistan

*''Green shaded row signifies rule of usurper.''

Khans of Western Moghulistan and Khans of Eastern Moghulistan (Uyghurstan)

Said Khan successors in Yarkent

Abdurashid Khan Abdurashid Khan ( ug, عبد الرشيد خان) (1508-1560) was the ruler of the Yarkent Khanate in modern-day Yarkant County, Xinjiang between 1533 and 1560. Biography Abdurashid Khan was a descendant of the first Moghul Khan Tughluk Timur ...

(in

Aksu Aksu or Aqsu ( Turkic: "white water") may refer to: People * Aksu Hanttu (born 1979), Finnish musician, record producer and sound engineer * Aksu (surname) Places Armenia * Akhsu, Armenia Azerbaijan * Agsu Rayon, a district of Azerbaijan ** ...

1521–1533) 1533–1560, son of

Sultan Said Khan Sultan Said Khan (; 1487–1533) ruled the Yarkent Khanate from September 1514 to July 1533. He was born in the late 15th century in Moghulistan, and he was a direct descendant of the first Moghul Khan, Tughlugh Timur, who had founded the state ...

Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand) Abdul Karim Khan was the ruler of Yarkand Khanate in what is now north-west China (Xinjiang) between 1560 and 1591. He was second son of Abdurashid Khan. During his reign, he lost control over a number of oases and merely acted as the titular ...

1560–1591, eldest son of

* Muhammad Khan (in

Turfan Turpan (also known as Turfan or Tulufan, , ug, تۇرپان) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of and a population of 632,000 (2015). Geonyms The original name of the ci ...

1588–1591) 1591–1610, 5th son of

, in 1603 was visited in Yarkand by

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...

Bento de Gois, who was searching land ways from

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Ming China The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peop ...

, headed trade mission on behalf of Moghul Emperor of

Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...

the Great and had a Letter of Safe Conduct, granted by

and addressed to Muhammad Khan, with him. *

Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan Shah Shujaʿ al-Din Ahmad Khan (commonly known as Khan Shahid) was the Khan of the Yarkent Khanate after death of his father Muhammad Sultan from 1609 to 1618. Khanship Shudja ad-Din Ahmad Khan was a ruler of Kashgar and became a ''Great Kha ...

1610–1618, son of Muhammad Khan, grandson of

, was killed in 1618 during hunting * Kuraysh Sultan 1618, son of Yunus Sultan, grandson of

, ruled only 9 days before he was killed * Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan 1618–1630, second son of Shudja ad-Din Ahmad Khan, who was only 13 when was set up on khanship, died in the age of 25 * Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) 1630–1633, first son of Timur Sultan, who was the first son of Shuja ad-Din Ahmad Khan and died in 1615 * Mahmud Sultan (Qilich Khan) 1633–1636, second son of Timur Sultan, died in the age of 22 when was poisoned in 1636 by Khoja Yahiya (died in 1646), son of Khoja Ishak, founder of ''Ishakiyya branch'' of ''Nakshbandi Khojagan'' Sufi Order, followers of which were known as Kara Taghliks. * Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) 1636–1638, restored on khanship with help of Khoja Yahiya, who was granted village ''Guma'' near

Khotan Hotan (also known as Gosthana, Gaustana, Godana, Godaniya, Khotan, Hetian, Hotien) is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in Western China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become ...

by Sultan Ahmad Khan, resigned in 1638 on demands of emirs in favor of Abdullah Khan, died in 1640 in the age of 27 * Abdullah Khan (in

1634/5–1638/9) 1638–1669, eldest son of Abduraim Khan, grandson of

, expelled to

in 1669, where he was received by Moghul Emperor

Aurangzeb Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...

, who arranged his

Hajj The Hajj (; ar, حَجّ '; sometimes also spelled Hadj, Hadji or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried o ...

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valle ...

, died in 1675 in the age of 67, buried in

Agra Agra (, ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital New Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is ...

* Nur ad-Din Sultan ( in

1649–1667) 1667–1668 in

Kashgar Kashgar ( ug, قەشقەر, Qeshqer) or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. ...

and Yengisar, youngest son of Abdullah Khan, died in 1668 in the age of 31, reigned one year with help of the ''Kara Yanchuks '', mercenaries from Dzungars and Kyrgyz tribes, who were first recruited on service in Yarkand Khanate during last years of reigning of Abdullah Khan. *

Ismail Khan Mohammad Ismail Khan (Dari/Pashto: محمد اسماعیل خان) (born 1946) is an Afghan former politician who served as Minister of Energy and Water from 2005 to 2013 and before that served as the governor of Herat Province. Originally a cap ...

(in Chalish 1666–1669, in

1669–1670) 1669, 5th son of Abduraim Khan, grandson of

, disciple of Kara Taghlik leader Khoja Ubaidullah (Khoja Shadi), son of Khoja Yahiya, was declared a Khan in Aksu after Abdullah Khan fled to India. * YuIbars Khan ( In

1638–1667, since age of 8) 1669–1670, eldest son of Abdullah Khan, disciple of Ak Taghlik Khoja Mohammad Yusuf and his son Appak Khoja, during his reign positions of Ak Taghliks in Yarkand Khanate greatly increased, was killed in 1670 by Dzungar supporter Erka Bek in the age of 40 * Abd al Latif Sultan 1670, son of Yulbars Khan, who was set up on khanship by Ak Taghliks, was killed in the same 1670 by Kara Taghliks with all other sons of Yulbars Khan *

1670–1678, restored on 2 April 1670 by Kara Taghliks, expelled Appak Khoja and his son Yahia Khoja from the country in 1670, in 1678 captured by Dzungars, who were invited by Ak Taghlik leader Appak Khoja using recommendation letter from

5th Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (; ; 1617–1682) was the 5th Dalai Lama and the first Dalai Lama to wield effective temporal and spiritual power over all Tibet. He is often referred to simply as the Great Fifth, being a key religious and temporal leader ...

, died in Ili River Valley ( ''Baghistan'') in 1680 in the age of 56. * Abd ar-Rashid Khan II (in

1680–1682) 1678–1680, eldest son of Sultan Said Baba Khan, set up on khanship by Dzungar

Galdan Boshugtu Khan Erdeniin Galdan (1644–1697, mn, Галдан Бошигт хаан, , ), known as Galdan Boshugtu Khan (in Mongolian script: ) was a Choros Dzungar- Oirat Khan of the Dzungar Khanate. As fourth son of Erdeni Batur, founder of the Dzungar K ...

, who came to Yarkand with Appak Khoja. * Muhammad Imin Khan ( Muhammad Amin Khan) (in

1682–1690) 1680–1681 in Chalish, second son of Sultan Said Baba Khan * Appak Khoja 1680–1690, died in 1694, set up himself on khanship after expelling Abd ar-Rashid Khan II from Yarkand with help of Dzungars, expelled Kara Taghlik leader Khoja Daniyal into

Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompass ...

. * Muhammad Imin Khan ( Muhammad Amin Khan) 1690–1692, was recalled from Turpan and elected a Khan on

Kurultai Kurultai ( Mongolian: , Хуралдай, ''Khuraldai'') or ; Kazakh: Құрылтай, ''Qūryltai''; tt-Cyrl, Корылтай, ; ba, Ҡоролтай, ; az, Qurultay; tk, Gurultaý was a political and military council of ancient Mongol a ...

of Kashgar and Yarkand ''Beks'', was killed in 1692 after losing a battle with Appak Khoja near Kargalik * Yahiya Khoja (in

1690–1692) 1692–1695, son of Appak Khoja, set up on khanship by Appak Khoja, killed in 1695 by Hanim Pasha * Hanim Pasha (Hanum Padshah) 1695, sister of Muhammad Imin Khan, widow of Appak Khoja, was killed in 1695 * Akbash Khan 1695–1705, youngest son of Sultan Said Baba Khan, great grandson of

, disciple of Kara Taghliks, recalled Kara Taghlik leader Khoja Daniyal (died in 1735) from exile to resist Ak Taghliks and Dzungars, fled to

in 1705 ''The remnants of the state fell to two different rival branches of Khojas- Ak Taghliks and Kara Taghliks. Aqtaghlyq branch of Khojas, a confederation under the influence of the Dzungars, took power in

where Ahmad Khoja, son of Yahiya Khoja, was declared a Khan. In Yarkand Kara Taghliks took power with Khoja Daniyal being declared a Khan, that caused civil war between Kashgar and Yarkand.''
''In 1713 remnant of Yarkant Khanate - Altishar ( union of 6 cities)-became dependency of

Dzungar Khanate The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from t ...

under

Tsewang Rabtan Tsewang Rabtan (from ''Tsewang Rapten''; ; ; 1643–1727) was a Choros (Oirats) prince and the Khong Tayiji of the Dzungar Khanate from 1697 (following the death of his uncle and rival Galdan Boshugtu Khan) until his death in 1727. He was ma ...

, paying annual tribute from all 6 cities in amount of one silver tanga from soul, for Yarkand it was established in amount of 100,000 silver tangas, for Kashgar-67,000 silver tangas, this time Kara Taghliks were established by Dzungars to be responsible for collecting tribute. In 1752 Altishar restored its independence after revolt against Dzungar Khanate under leadership of Kara Taghlik leader Khoja Yusup, son of Khoja Daniyal. In 1755 sons of Ahmad Khoja and great grandsons of Appak Khoja, Ak Taghliks Burhan ad-Din Khoja and Jahan Khoja were rescued by Qings troops in Ili River Valley from Dzungar's captivity and sent to Altishar to claim mandate of

Qing China The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

for the country. In ensuing bloody war with Kara Taghliks brothers emerged victorious and established total control of Altishar in 1756 but refused to submit to Qings after that. In 1759 Altishar was conquered by

, that created province Nanlu (Southern Road) on its territory in 1760, while province Beilu (Northern Road) was created on the territory of former

, that was exterminated by

in 1756.''

Mansur Khan successors in Uyghurstan

The following successors to Mansur Khan possessed the titles of ''Little Khans'' sitting in

Turpan Turpan (also known as Turfan or Tulufan, , ug, تۇرپان) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of and a population of 632,000 (2015). Geonyms The original name of the c ...

, contrary to the ''Great Khans'' sitting in Yarkand. * Shah Khan 1543–1570, eldest son of Mansur Khan *Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan, 1570 * Koraish Sultan (Khotan 1533–1588; Chalish 1570–88) 1570–1588, son of

, expelled to

in 1588 by Abdul Karim Khan, where he was received by Moghul Emperor

the Great, who gave him one of regions of

in ''suyurgal''. * Muhammad Khan (in Kashgaria 1591–1610), 1588–1591, son of

* Abduraim Khan 1591–1636, youngest son of

* Muhammad Khashim Sultan (in Chalish) 1608–1610, son of Khudabende Sultan, who was son of Koraish Sultan * Abdullah Khan (in Chalish, in Kashgaria 1638–1669) 1636–1638, eldest son of Abduraim Khan * Abu'l Muhammad Khan 1636–1653, son of Abduraim Khan * Sultan Said Baba Khan ( in Kumul 1636–1653) 1653, died in 1680 in the age of 53, 4th son of Abduraim Khan * Ibrahim Sultan ( in

1638–1653) 1653–1655, son of Abduraim Khan, was killed in 1655 * Sultan Said Baba Khan (restored) 1655–1680 * Abd ar-Rashid Khan II (in Chalish 1678–1680) 1680–1682, eldest son of Sultan Said Baba Khan, died in 1694 * Muhammad Imin Khan ( Muhammad Amin Khan) 1682–1690, second son of Sultan Said Baba Khan, great grandson of

''Annexed by the Dzungars. After exterminating of

by Qing China in 1756, remnants of Dynasty survived in semi-autonomous

Kumul Khanate The Kumul Khanate was a semi-autonomous feudal Turkic khanate (equivalent to a banner in Mongolia) within the Qing dynasty and then the Republic of China until it was abolished by Xinjiang governor Jin Shuren in 1930. The Khanate was located in p ...

till the 20th century, last ruler of which

Maqsud Shah Maqsud Shah (1864 - 1930) (Shah Mexsut, ) ( ug, مقصود شاه}), was the Uyghur Jasagh Prince (Qinwang) of the Kumul Khanate in China from 1882 to 1930, he was the final ruler of the Borjigid dynasty. Background Maqsud Shah was the Khan ...

died in 1930.''

References

Citations

Sources

* * Kutlukov M ''About foundation of

Yarkent Khanate The Yarkent Khanate, also known as the Yarkand Khanate and the Kashghar Khanate, was a Sunni Muslim Turkic state ruled by the Mongol descendants of Chagatai Khan. It was founded by Sultan Said Khan in 1514 as a western offshoot of Moghulistan, i ...

(1465–1759)'', "Pan" publishing house. Almata, 1990. * Shah Mahmud Churas '' Chronicles'' (written in 1670 in Yarkand in 118 chapters) Translation and research by Akimushkin O.F. Publishing house of eastern literature "Nauka".

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

, 1976. {{refend * Chagatai