This is a list of Celtic tribes, organized in order of the likely ethnolinguistic kinship of the peoples and tribes. In

Classical antiquity Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ...

Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancien ...

were a large number and a significant part of the population in many regions of

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

, Southern

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the a ...

, the

British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...

and parts of the

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

, in Europe, and also Central

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

or Anatolia.

Ancestors

Proto-Indo-Europeans The Proto-Indo-Europeans are a hypothetical prehistoric population of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancestor of the Indo-European languages according to linguistic reconstruction. Knowledge of them comes chiefly from ...

(

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo- ...

speakers) ** Proto-Celts (

Proto-Celtic Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celti ...

speakers)

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

were the Celtic peoples that inhabited

mainland Europe Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous continent of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by ...

. In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe (

Iberian peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...

), southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia. They were most of the population in

Gallia Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during Rep ...

, today's

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

, Switzerland, possibly Belgica – far Northern France,

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...

and far

Southern Netherlands The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, were the parts of the Low Countries belonging to the Holy Roman Empire which were at first largely controlled by Habsburg Spain (Spanish Netherlands, 1556–1714) and later by the A ...

, large parts of

Hispania Hispania ( la, Hispānia , ; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hisp ...

, i.e.

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...

–

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

and

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

, in the northern, central and western regions; southern

– upper

Danube basin The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

and neighbouring regions, large parts of the middle

and the inland region of Central

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

. They lived in these many regions forming a large arc stretching across from

Iberia The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...

in the west to the

and

in the east. Many of the populations from these regions were called

by ancient authors. They are thought to have spoken

Gaulish Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switze ...

( P-Celtic type), Lepontic ( P-Celtic type), Hispano-Celtic ( Celtiberian and Western Hispano-Celtic or Gallaecian) (

Q-Celtic The Celtic languages (usually , but sometimes ) are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward L ...

type), Eastern Celtic or Noric (unknown type). P-Celtic type languages are more innovative (*kʷ > p) while

type languages are more conservative. However, it is not fully known if this grouping of peoples, such as their languages, is a genealogical one (phylogenetic), based on kinship, or if it is a simple geographically based group.

Classical Antiquity Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ...

authors did not call the peoples and tribes of the

British Islands The British Islands is a term within the law of the United Kingdom which refers collectively to the following four polities: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (formerly the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) ...

as “

” or “ Galli” but by the name “

Britons British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.: British nationality law governs mod ...

”. They only used the name “Celts” or “Galli” for the peoples and tribes of

.Collis, John (2003). The Celts: Origins, Myths and Inventions. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 180.

Eastern CeltsMallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

Römische Provinzen im Alpenraum ca 14 n Chr

Roman_period_tribes_in_Illyria_and_Lower_Pannonia

They lived Southern

(in the Upper

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...

basin and neighbouring regions) which is hypothesized as the original area of the

( Proto-Celts), corresponding to the Hallstatt Culture. Later they expanded towards the Middle Danube valley and to parts of the Balkans and towards inland central Asia Minor or Anatolia (Galatians). Hercynian Forest ('' Hercynia Silva''), north of the Danube and east of the Rhine was in their lands. Celts, especially those from Western and Central Europe, were generally called by the Romans “Galli” i.e. “Gauls”, this name was synonym of “

”, this also means that not all of the peoples and tribes called by the name “Gauls” (Galli) were specifically Gauls in a narrower more regional sense. Their language is scarcely attested and can not be classified as a P-Celtic or Q-Celtic. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *

Anartes The Anartes (or Anarti, Anartii or Anartoi)Jan Czarnecki (1975) 120 were Celtic tribes, or, in the case of those sub-groups of Anartes which penetrated the ancient region of Dacia (roughly modern Romania), Celts culturally assimilated by the Dacian ...

/ Anartoi – Areas of modern

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

and modern Northern

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...

, north of the river Tysia / Tibiscus (

Tisza The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa, is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Once, it was called "the most Hungarian river" because it flowed entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza be ...

). They lived in the eastern part of the Hercynia Silva (Hercynian Forest). Areas of modern central Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza), north of the Teuriscii. They were later assimilated by Dacians. * Arabiates - areas of modern Western Hungary and eastern Austria, west of the river

Danubius The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

(Danube). * Belgites - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube). *

Boii The Boii (Latin plural, singular ''Boius''; grc, Βόιοι) were a Celtic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul ( Northern Italy), Pannonia (Hungary), parts of Bavaria, in and around Bohemia (after whom ...

– a tribal confederation, originally from today's Bohemia (Western

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

) that dwelt in the Hercynia Silva and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

and Northern Italy. Another hypothesis is that they were a tribal confederation, originally from today's Southern France who migrated to Hercynia Silva under

Segovesus Segovesus (Gaulish: 'Worthy of Victories') is a legendary Gallic chief of the Bituriges, said to have lived ca. 600 BC. According to a legend recounted by Livy, the king Ambigatus sent his sister's sons Bellovesus and Segovesus in search of new l ...

, and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

and

. **Boii tribes of unknown names in the Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's Bohemia **

(in Cisalpine Gaul) – Central

Emilia-Romagna egl, Emigliàn (man) egl, Emiglièna (woman) rgn, Rumagnòl (man) rgn, Rumagnòla (woman) it, Emiliano (man) it, Emiliana (woman) or it, Romagnolo (man) it, Romagnola (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title ...

(

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...

). **

(in Transalpine Gaul) – Boui near Entrain - They were related to or a branch of the

. ** Boii Boiates / Boviates / Boiates – La Tête de Buch, probably around

Arcachon Bay Arcachon Basin or alternatively Arcachon Bay (French: ''Bassin d'Arcachon'') is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France, situated in Pays de Buch between the Côte d'Argent and the Côte des Landes, in the region of Aquitai ...

and northwest of Landes (departement), in the Pays de Buch and Pays de Born. Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani (a people that may have been ancestor of the Basques). **

(in Pannonia) - Pannonia, today's Western

(west of the

) and part of eastern

** Tulingi ( Tylangii?) – localization unclear, possibly Southern Germany, Switzerland, or Austria; an originally Boii Celtic tribe that migrated along the upper Danube and later allied with the Helvetii?; also, may have been a Germanic tribe. * Breuci * Carni –

Carnic Alps The Carnic Alps ( it, Alpi Carniche; german: Karnische Alpen; sl, Karnijske Alpe; fur, Alps Cjargnelis) are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Itali ...

, South Austria ( Carinthia/ Kärnten), Western

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

( Carniola/ Kranjska) and Northern

Friuli Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giuli ...

/ Friûl ( Carnia/ Cjargna). A tribe related to the Carnutes? Also, may have been a Venetic tribe (the Veneti were a transitional people between

and Italics or a Celticized Italic people). * Catubrini - In the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Swi ...

Southeastern slopes, close to Plavis (Piave) and near Bellunum (Belluno), to the Southwest of the Carni. They came from Central Europe and not from

Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...

(

). (They were not Cisalpine Gaulish Celts). *

Tylis Tylis (Greek: Τύλις) or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorius in the 3rd century BC. Following their invasion of Thrace and Greece in 279 BC, the Gauls were defea ...

/ Tylisian Celts * Cornacates- areas of modern Western Hungary, west of river

(Danube). * Cotini – areas of modern

, west of the

, and areas of Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube), south of Lacus Pelsodis / Pelso (today's

Lake Balaton Lake Balaton () is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and ...

). * Eravisci / Aravisci Ion Grumeza, ''Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe'', , 2009, p. 51: "In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati, Boii, Eravisci, Pannoni, Scordisci,"– areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube),

Aquincum Aquincum (, ) was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire. The ruins of the city can be found today in Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. It is believed that Marcus Aurelius w ...

(modern

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

) was in their territory. *Helvetii-Rauraci / Raurici ** Helvetii – original dwellers of

Agri Decumates The ''Agri Decumates'' or ''Decumates Agri'' ("Decumatian Fields") were a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia, covering the Black Forest, Swabian Jura, and Franconian Jura areas between the Rhine, Main, and Da ...

region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva, to the east and north of the Rhine; later, possibly at the end of the 3rd century BC they expanded to the South and Southwest to land later called

Helvetia Helvetia () is the female national personification of Switzerland, officially ''Confoederatio Helvetica,'' the Swiss Confederation. The allegory is typically pictured in a flowing gown, with a spear and a shield emblazoned with the Swiss fl ...

(modern day Switzerland). They were possibly more related to the Celtic populations of the upper Danube basin than to the Celts of Gaul. *** Decumates may have meant "Ten Cantons". La Tène, (tribal confederation of four tribes). ***

Tigurini The Tigurini were a clan or tribe forming one out of four '' pagi'' (provinces) of the Helvetii. The Tigurini were the most important group of the Helvetii, mentioned by both Julius Caesar and Poseidonius, settling in the area of what is now th ...

– Yverdon ***Tougeni ***Verbigeni ***Tribe of unknown name ( Helvetii Proper?) **

Rauraci The Rauraci or Raurici were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the Upper Rhine region, around the present-day city of Basel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Rauracis'' and ''Rauracorum'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. ...

Raurici The Rauraci or Raurici were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the Upper Rhine region, around the present-day city of Basel, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Rauracis'' and ''Rauracorum'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. ...

–

Kaiseraugst Kaiseraugst (Swiss German: ''Chäiseraugscht'') is a municipality within the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is named after the Ancient Roman city of Augusta Raurica whose ruins are situated nearby. The prefi ...

(

Augusta Raurica Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst. It is the site of the oldest known ...

), a tribe closely related to the Helvetii. * Hercuniates / Hercuniatae - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube). * Latobici / LatoviciJ. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 81: "In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of ..." - not the same tribe as the Latobrigi but they could have been related, they dwelt in areas of modern Slovenia and Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube). * Latobrigi - uncertain location, maybe to the north or northeast of the Helvetii in the upper

(

) and upper

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...

river basins, original dwellers of

region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva. *

Scordisci The Scordisci ( el, Σκορδίσκοι) were a Celtic Iron Age cultural group centered in the territory of present-day Serbia, at the confluence of the Savus (Sava), Dravus (Drava), Margus (Morava) and Danube rivers. They were historically n ...

J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 140: "... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century" - areas of modern

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

, Austria,

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...

, west of the river

(Danube). According to Livy, they were related to the

Bastarnae The Bastarnae ( Latin variants: ''Bastarni'', or ''Basternae''; grc, Βαστάρναι or Βαστέρναι) and Peucini ( grc, Πευκῖνοι) were two ancient peoples who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited areas north of the Roman front ...

. ** Celegeri / CelengeriJ. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 217. ** Dindari or ''Dindarii'' (

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

''Δινδάριοι''), a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci. *

Serdi The Serdi were a Celtic tribe inhabiting Thrace. They were located around Serdica ( bg, Сердика, Serdika; ; el, Σαρδική o Σαρδῶν πόλις, Sardike o Sardon polis), now Sofia in Bulgaria, which reflects their ethnonym. They ...

- in

Serdica Serdika or Serdica ( Bulgarian: ) is the historical Roman name of Sofia, now the capital of Bulgaria. Currently, Serdika is the name of a district located in the city. It includes four neighbourhoods: "Fondovi zhilishta"; "Banishora", "Orlandov ...

region (today's Sofiya,

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

's Capital) * Serrapilli / Serapilli - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube). * Serretes - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river

(Danube). * Tricornenses (a later formation tribe) * Norici / Taurisci / Varisci - a tribal confederation **Alauni - in the middle Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus in the

Eastern Alps Eastern Alps is the name given to the eastern half of the Alps, usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide and down the Liro River to Lake Como in t ...

, Chiemsee and Attersee lakes region. ** Ambidravi / Ambidrani - in the upper and middle Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin in the

and also in the Mur/Mura river basin, today's Carinthia and Styria, Austria. ** Ambilici - in the Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin, east of the Ambidravi/Ambidrani (today's Southeast Austria and Northeast

). ** Ambisontes / Ambisontii - in the Alpes Noricae ( East Central Alps), in the upper

Salzach The Salzach (Austrian: �saltsax ) is a river in Austria and Germany. It is in length and is a right tributary of the Inn, which eventually joins the Danube. Its drainage basin of comprises large parts of the Northern Limestone and Central ...

river basin. ** Norici ( Narisci) /

Nori Nori is a dried edible seaweed used in Japanese cuisine, made from species of the red algae genus '' Pyropia'', including ''P. yezonesis'' and '' P. tenera''. It has a strong and distinctive flavor, and is often used to wrap rolls of sushi or ...

- may have been a tribe of the larger Taurisci tribal federation; in the

and in the Mur/Mura and Schwarza rivers basins and other areas, today's Styria and

Lower Austria Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...

(Austria) south of the

(Danube), also may have been a Germanic tribe. **Sevaces - in the low Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus and south of the

(Danube), roughly in today's

Upper Austria Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, an ...

. ** Teuriscii - A branch of the Celtic Taurisci (originally from

Noricum Noricum () is the Latin name for the Celtic kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, ...

) in the Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza) river basin south of the

/ Anartii/ Anartoi. Celts assimilated by DaciansIoana A. Oltean, ''Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization'', , 2007, p. 47. *

Varciani The Varciani were a CelticWilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,,page 256, "... established among the predominantly Celtic communities of the Latobici and Varciani. Only later, in the reign of Trajan (AD 98-117), does the Roman citizenship begin to appe ...

– areas of modern

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

. *

Vindelici The Vindelici (Gaulish: ) were a Gallic people dwelling around present-day Augsburg (Bavaria) during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as by Horace (1st c. BC), as (; var. ) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), as and (va ...

– a tribal confederation, areas of modern Southern Germany (

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

and

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...

), in the upper

. May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes. ** Brigantii – in the Lacus Brigantinus (Lake Constance) area, Brigantia (

Bregenz Bregenz (; gsw, label= Vorarlbergian, Breagaz ) is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost state of Austria. The city lies on the east and southeast shores of Lake Constance, the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, between Switze ...

) was the main centre, in the border areas of modern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, north of the Vennonetes/ Vennones/Vennonienses. ** Catenates - South of the

(Danube), in the low Licus (Lech) river area,

Augusta Vindelicorum Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the '' ...

region (today's

Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ...

), north of the Licates. **Consuanetae / Cosuanetes / Cotuantii - Upper and middle valley of fl. Isarus (r. Isar) ( Bavarian Alps) in today's Upper Bavaria, Germany. **Estiones - South of the

(Danube), in the Ilargus (Roth) and Riss rivers area, including today's

Ulm Ulm () is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Danube on the border with Bavaria. The city, which has an estimated population of more than 126,000 (2018), forms an urban district of its own (german: link=no, ...

area (between modern

and

), Cambodunum (today's

Kempten Kempten (, (Swabian German: )) is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town ' ...

) was one of their towns. **Leuni - in the Isarus (Isar) and Ammer (Amper) river areas,

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...

area,

. ** Licates -in the Licus (Lech) river valley, south of the Catenates. ** Rucinates / Rucantii - Between rivers Isarus (Isar) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria. ** Vennones / Vennonienses / Vennonetes - Upper valley of fl.

Rhenus Rhenus may refer to: *the Latin name of the Rhine * Rhenus of Carthage (died 259), one of the Martyrs of Carthage under Valerian *Rhenus Pater, allegory or personification of the river *a ship of the Classis Misenensis * Rhenus (company) The Rhe ...

(r. Rhine) in today's

canton of St. Gallen The canton of St. Gallen, also canton of St Gall (german: link=no, Kanton St. Gallen ; rm, Chantun Son Gagl; french: Canton de Saint-Gall; it, Canton San Gallo), is a canton of Switzerland. The capital is St. Gallen. Located in northeastern ...

, Switzerland, south of the Brigantii. **Vindelici Proper – a tribe to the north of the Upper Danube. * Volcae - a tribal confederation, originally from today's

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The m ...

(Eastern

), Central and Upper

(Slovakia, Austria,

Southern Germany Southern Germany () is a region of Germany which has no exact boundary, but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, historically the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia or, in a modern context, Bavaria ...

), also in

Main Main may refer to: Geography * Main River (disambiguation) **Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany * Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province *"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries ...

river basin, to the west of the Boii. They dwelt in Hercynia Silva, north of the Danuvius (Danube) but dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe (Southern

) and

( Galatia). **Volcae tribes of unknown names in Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's

and Main River basin. **

Volcae Arecomici The Arecomici or Volcae Arecomici were a Gallic tribe dwelling between the Rhône and the Hérault rivers, around present-day Nîmes, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name The meaning of the ethnonym ''Arecomici'' remains unclear. The ...

/ Volcae Arecomisci – in southern Gaul, in the Mediterranean coast of today's Languedoc. ** Volcae Tectosages (in Southern

and also in Galatia, Central

, one of the main tribes that formed the

Galatians Galatians may refer to: * Galatians (people) * Epistle to the Galatians, a book of the New Testament * English translation of the Greek ''Galatai'' or Latin ''Galatae'', ''Galli,'' or ''Gallograeci'' to refer to either the Galatians or the Gauls in ...

) *Possible Volcae tribes **Volciani – may have been a tribe related to the Volcae and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts (i.e., the

of the

). Located north of the river Iberus (Ebro), but not very precisely.

Galatians Galatians may refer to: * Galatians (people) * Epistle to the Galatians, a book of the New Testament * English translation of the Greek ''Galatai'' or Latin ''Galatae'', ''Galli,'' or ''Gallograeci'' to refer to either the Galatians or the Gauls in ...

Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period - general map - regions and main settlements

In the middle 3rd century BC,

from the middle Danube valley, immigrated from

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to ...

into the highlands of central

(modern

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

), which was called Galatia after that. These people, called

, a generic name for “Celts”, were eventually Hellenized, but retained many of their own traditions. They spoke Galatian, a name derived from the generic name for “Celts”. Some closely fit the concept of a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. * Aigosages, between

Troy Troy ( el, Τροία and Latin: Troia, Hittite: 𒋫𒊒𒄿𒊭 ''Truwiša'') or Ilion ( el, Ίλιον and Latin: Ilium, Hittite: 𒃾𒇻𒊭 ''Wiluša'') was an ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey, south-west of Ç ...

and

Cyzicus Cyzicus (; grc, Κύζικος ''Kúzikos''; ota, آیدینجق, ''Aydıncıḳ'') was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peni ...

* Daguteni, in modern Marmara region around

Orhaneli Orhaneli is a district of Bursa Province Bursa Province ( tr, ) is a province in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, K ...

* Inovanteni, east of the Trocnades * Okondiani, between Phrygia and Galatia northeast of modern Akşehir Gölü * Rigosages, unlocated * Trocnades, in Phrygia around modern

Sivrihisar Sivrihisar ( tr, Sivrihisar, "a pointed castle") is a town and district of Eskişehir Province in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. According to 2010 census, population of the district is 23 488 of which 9,817 live in the town of Sivrihisar. ...

*Unknown tribe (Territory of Gaezatorix, a Celtic Chieftain), between Bithynia and Galatia at modern Bolu * Core Galatians ** Tectosages,Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales, ''A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia, Celtic Names and La Tène Material in Anatolia, the Eastern Balkans, and the Pontic Steppes.'' in Galatia ** Tolistobogii, in Galatia ** Trocmii, in Galatia (easternmost known Celtic tribe)

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ...
( Galli or Celtae)

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ...

were the Celtic people that lived in

having many tribes but with some influential tribal confederations. '' Galli'' (

), for the

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

, was a name synonym of “Celts” (as

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, ...

states in ''

De Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it Ca ...

''Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it C ...

, Book I, chapter 1) which means that not all peoples and tribes called “Galli” were necessarily

in a narrower regional sense. Gaulish Celts spoke

, a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type, a more

innovative Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entit ...

Celtic language - *kʷ > p. Romans initially organized Gaul in two provinces (later in three): Transalpine Gaul, meaning literally "Gaul on the other side of the Alps" or "Gaul across the Alps", is approximately modern

, Switzerland,

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, and

Western Germany The old states of Germany (german: die alten Länder) is a jargon referring to the ten of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) that were part of West Germany and that unified with the eastern German Democratic Republic' ...

in what would become the Roman provinces of Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Celtica (later Lugdunensis and Aquitania) and

Gallia Belgica Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and Germany. In 50 BC, a ...

. Some closely fit the concept of a

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *

Abrincatui The Abrincatui were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the south of the Cotentin Peninsula during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Abrincatuos'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''’Abrinkátouoi'' (’Aβρινκάτουοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. A ...

- in Aremorica or

Armorica Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; br, Arvorig, ) is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast ...

Aedui The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *''Aiduoi'', 'the Ardent'; grc, Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Burgundy region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic a ...

Haedui The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *''Aiduoi'', 'the Ardent'; grc, Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Burgundy region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic a ...

- Gaulish Celts largest tribal confederation, roughly in the geographical centre of Gaul and controlling important land, river, and trade routes **

proper -

Bibracte Bibracte, a Gallic ''oppidum'' or fortified settlement, was the capital of the Aedui and one of the most important hillforts in Gaul. It was situated near modern Autun in Burgundy, France. The material culture of the Aedui corresponded to the ...

** Ambivareti ** Parisii (Gaul) -

Lutetia The Gallo-Roman town of ''Lutetia'' (''Lutetia Parisiorum'' in Latin, in French ''Lutèce'') was the predecessor of the modern-day city of Paris. It was founded in about the middle of the 3rd century BCE by the Parisii, a Gallic tribe. Trac ...

, today's

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

, was their capital. A tribe of similar name, the Parisi, dwelt in East Yorkshire,

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

. ** Senones – Sens * Agenisates / Angesinates – Angoumois * Agnutes –

Vendée Vendée (; br, Vande) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442.

Allobroges The Allobroges (Gaulish: *''Allobrogis'', 'foreigner, exiled'; grc, Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες) were a Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age and the Roman period. ...

/ Allobriges –

Vienne Vienne (; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Viéne'') is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.Ambarri The Ambarri were a Gallic people dwelling in the modern Ain department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ambarri'' and ''Ambarros'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),Caesar. ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico''1:11< ...

(they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it) * Ambiliates / Ambilatres – Low Liger (Loire), in Aremorica or

* Ambivarii / Ambibarii - in Aremorica or

* Anagnutes * Andecamulenses *

Andecavi The Andecavi (also Andicavi, Andegavi, or Andigavi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in Aremorica during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Andecavi'' (var. ''andic''-, ''andeg''-, ''andig''-) by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Andecavi'' and '' ...

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

–

Angers Angers (, , ) is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the pr ...

* Antobroges * Arverni –

Gergovia Gergovia was a Gaulish town in modern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the upper part of the basin of the Allier, near present-day Clermont-Ferrand. It was the capital of the Averni. The city of Gergovia had strong walls, and was located on a giant rais ...

(tribal confederation) ** Arverni proper **

Gabali The Gabali (Gaulish: *''Gabli'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later Gévaudan region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Gabalos'' or ''Gabalis'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), as ''Gabalei͂s'' (Γαβα� ...

Armoricani Armorica or Aremorica (Gaulish: ; br, Arvorig, ) is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast. ...

/ Aremoricii - in Aremorica or

(Land "Before the Sea” or “Close to the Sea” - Are Morica) * Arvii * Atacini – Aussière * Atesui *

Aulerci The Aulerci were a group of Gallic peoples dwelling in the modern region of Normandy, between the Loire (Liger) and the Seine (Sequana) rivers, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were divided into the Cenomani, the most powerful of ...

(tribal confederation) **

Brannovices/ Brannovii/ Blannovii (a southern branch of the

but within the

tribal confederation) **

Cenomani The Gaulish name Cenomani can refer to: * Aulerci Cenomani, an ancient Gallic tribe dwelling around modern Le Mans * Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul) The Cenomani (Greek: , Strabo, Ptol.; , Polyb.), was an ancient tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls, who ...

/ Gaul Cenomani – Le Mans **

Diablintes The Diablintes or Aulerci Diablites (also ''Diablintres'' or ''Diablindes'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the north of the modern Mayenne department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aulerci. Name They are menti ...

Eburovices The Eburovīcēs or Aulercī Eburovīcēs (Gaulish: *''Eburouīcēs/Eburowīcēs'', 'those who vanquish by the yew') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Eure department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They were part of the Aule ...

Sagii * Baiocasses / Boiocasses – Bayeux, in Aremorica or

* Bebryces (Gauls) – in southern Gaul, south of the

, close to Narbo (

Narbonne Narbonne (, also , ; oc, Narbona ; la, Narbo ; Late Latin:) is a commune in Southern France in the Occitanie region. It lies from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. It is located about from the shores of the ...

) region. * Bipedimui / Pimpedunni *Bituriges ** Bituriges Cubi – Bourges (an eastern branch of the Bituriges but within the

tribal confederation) ** Bituriges Vivisci –

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefect ...

(

Burdigala Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture ...

) * Cadurci –

Cahors Cahors (; oc, Caors ) is a commune in the western part of Southern France. It is the smallest prefecture among the 13 departments that constitute the Occitanie Region. The main city of the Lot department and the historical center of the Que ...

* Caeresi * Cambolectres * Carnutes –

Autricum Chartres () is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defi ...

( Chartres),

Cenabum Cenabum, Cenabaum or Genabum was the name of an ''oppidum'' of the Carnutes tribe, situated on the site of what is now Orléans. It was a prosperous commercial city on the river Loire at the time of Caesar's conquest of Gaul. History This port ...

/ Genabum (

Orléans Orléans (;"Orleans"
(US) and Aremorica or

* Chalbici – Chablais, in Southern Gaul, south of

Lake Leman , image = Lake Geneva by Sentinel-2.jpg , caption = Satellite image , image_bathymetry = , caption_bathymetry = , location = Switzerland, France , coords = , lake_type = Glacial la ...

* Corisopiti * Curiosolitae / Coriosolites – Corseul, in Aremorica or

Edenates The Adanates or Edenates were a small Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Seyne, in the Alpes Cottiae, during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Edenates'' (var. '-) by Pliny (1st c. AD), Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia''3:20 and as ...

– in Southern Gaul * Eleuterii * Elycoces * Epomandui *

Esuvii The Esuvii (or Esubii; Gaulish: ''Esuuii'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling between the lower Seine and the Loire rivers, in what is now Normandy, during the Iron Age. Name Their tribal name appears to be related to the theonym ''Esus''., s.v. ''E ...

/ Esubii / Sesuvii * Helvii / Elvi - Southern Gaul *

Lemovices The Lemovīcēs (Gaulish: *''Lēmouīcēs'', 'those who vanquish by the elm') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Limousin region during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Lemovices'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. ...

– Limoges *

Lexovii The Lexovii (Gaulish: *''Lexsouioi'', 'the leaning, lame'), were a Gallic tribe dwelling immediately west of the mouth of the Seine, around present-day Lisieux, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Lexovii'' (v ...

– Lisieux, in Aremorica or

Lingones The Lingones (Gaulish: 'the jumpers') were a Gallic tribe of the Iron Age and Roman periods. They dwelled in the region surrounding the present-day city of Langres, between the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis and Gallia Belgica. Name Attes ...

* Mandubii – Alesia (under Aedui Confederation influence but not part of it) * Medulli Meduci – Médoc, southwestern Gaul * Namnetes – Nantes, in Aremorica or

Nantuates The Nantuates or Nantuatae (Gaulish: ''Nantuatis'', 'those of the valley') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Massongex, in the modern Canton of Valais (Switzerland) and adjacent areas of France, during the Iron Age and the Roman peri ...

/ Nantuatae *

Nitiobroges The Nitiobroges (Gaulish: *''Nitiobrogis'', 'the indigenous') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the middle Garonne river, around their chief town Aginnon (modern-day Agen), during Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Niti ...

/ Nitiobriges * Osismii - Western end of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

Peninsula, in Aremorica or

* Petrocorii – Périgueux *

Pictones The Pictones were a Gallic tribe dwelling south of the Loire river, in the modern departments of Vendée, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne, during the Iron Age and Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Pictonibus'' and ''Pictones'' by Julius Caes ...

/ Pictavi – Poitiers * Redones – Rennes, in Aremorica or

* Ruteni – Rodez *

Santones The Santoni or Santones ( grc, Σαντόνων, Σάντονες) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later region of Saintonge during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name These people are noted as ''Santonum'', ''Santonos'' and ''Santoni ...

– Saintes * Seduni – High

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; wae, Rotten ; frp, Rôno ; oc, Ròse ) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. At Ar ...

river valley, Sion (Middle

Valais Valais ( , , ; frp, Valês; german: Wallis ), more formally the Canton of Valais,; german: Kanton Wallis; in other official Swiss languages outside Valais: it, (Canton) Vallese ; rm, (Chantun) Vallais. is one of the 26 cantons forming the S ...

, Switzerland) * Segusiavi / Segobriges - Lugdunum (

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, third-largest city and Urban area (France), second-largest metropolitan area of F ...

), that was to be capital of

Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Lugdunensis (French: ''Gaule Lyonnaise'') was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic territory of Gaul formerly known as Celtica. It is named after its capital Lugdunum (today's Lyon) ...

, was in their land (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it). *Segovellauni / Segovi – in Southern Gaul *Sequani – Besançon *Tornates / Turnates *Tricasses / Tricasses, Tricassini *Triviatii *Trones (tribe), Trones *Turones / Turones, Turoni – Tours *Uberi / Viberi – High

river valley, Upper

*Vellavi / Vellavi, Velaunii – Le Puy-en-Velay, Ruessium **Veragri - High

river valley, Lower

**Veroduni *Venelli / Unelli – Coutances, Cotentin Peninsula, in today's Western Normandy region, in Aremorica or

*Veneti (Gaul), Veneti – Vannes, in Aremorica or

*Viducasses / Viducasses, Vadicasses / Viducasses, Vadicassii – Vieux, Calvados, Vieux, in Aremorica or

*Mix of several Gaulish tribes **Gaesatae – Numbering c. 30,000, they participated in the battle of Telamon a group of mercenary Celtic warriors from several tribes of the western Alps slopes, not a tribe. *Possible Gaulish tribes **Galli (tribe) – along Gállego (river), Gallicus (Gállego (river), Gállego) river banks, see place names (toponyms) like Forum Gallorum, Gallur, a different tribe from the Suessetani; may have been a tribe related to the Galli (

) and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts. Some Gaulish tribes may have migrated southward and crossed the Pyrenees (by the north, the central, or the south areas of the mountains) in a second or a third Celtic wave to the

. These tribes were different from the Hispano-Celtic / Iberian Celtic tribes. **Garumni – along the banks of the high Garonne, Garumna (Garonne), southwest of the Volcae Tectosages, and in and around Lugdunum Convenarum, among the Convenae. Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani (a people that may have been the ancestor of the Basques).

Gauls, Cisalpine Gauls

*Gauls, Cisalpine Gauls ( Celtae / Gauls, Galli Cisalpini) - They lived in Cisalpine Gaul, most of today's northern Italy. Multiple waves of population movements from France. They spoke Cisalpine Gaulish (a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type) closely related to

or Gallic language, Gallic. They lived in Cisalpine Gaul (''Gallia Cisalpina''), also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'', was the part of Italy continually inhabited by

since the 13th century BC. Conquered by the Roman Republic in the 220s BC, it was a Roman province from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was merged into Italy (Roman Empire), Roman Italy. Until that time, it was considered part of

, precisely that part of Gaul on the "hither side of the

" (from the perspective of the

), as opposed to Gallia Narbonensis, Transalpine Gaul ("on the far side of the Alps"). **Seven Gaulish tribes that according to Livy settled in Cisalpine Gaul around 600 BC. Led by Bellovesus, they defeated the Etruscans at the Ticino (river), Ticino, settled in Insubria and founded the city of Mediolanum, the modern Milan. They were ancestors of Cisalpine Gauls. ***

(many Insubres descended from them) ***

Ambarri The Ambarri were a Gallic people dwelling in the modern Ain department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ambarri'' and ''Ambarros'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),Caesar. ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico''1:11< ...

*** Arverni ***

(many Cisalpine Gaul Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul), Cenomani descended from them) ***Bituriges Cubi, Bituriges *** Carnutes ***Salyes or Salluvii (Celto-Ligurians) **Anani (tribe), Anani – Western Emilia-Romagna, Emilia, Po Valley, (Fidentia, Province of Piacenza) **Anamares – Minor tribe whose precise location along the southern bank of the river Po (river), Padus in Italy is uncertain **Anares – Middle Po Valley, Placentia, Italy, Placentia (Piacenza, Province of Piacenza) **Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul) – Eastern Lombardy (Brescia, Brixia, Cremona). Related to or a branch of the Cenomani (

) that lived in Transalpine

(

Transalpina). **Insubres – Western Lombardy (Milan). Said by Pliny the Elder, Pliny to descend from the

. **

– North-eastern

(Ferrara), Po Valley. Related to or a branch of the

that lived in

(

). ** Senones – South-eastern

(Rimini) and Northern Marche (Senigallia). Related to or a branch of the Senones that lived in

(

Celts, Lepontine Celts

They seem to have been an older group of

that lived in Cisalpine Gaul before the Gauls, Gaulish Celtic migration. They spoke Lepontic (a Continental Celtic language) a Celtic language that seems to precede Cisalpine Gaulish. *Lepontii / Lepontii / Leipontii / Lepontes – Val Leventina and Val d'Ossola in today's Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Piemonte, North-eastern Piedmont, far Northwestern Lombardy, and Switzerland in the Lepontine Alps. They were not Gaulish Celts *Orobii or Orumbovii – Central Lombardy (Bergamo)

Celts, Celto-Ligurians / Gauls, Gallo-Ligurians

May have been Celtic tribes influenced by Ligurians, heavily Celticized Ligurian tribes that shifted to a Celtic ethnolinguistic identity or mixed Celtic-Ligures, Ligurian tribes. They dwelt in southeastern Transalpine Gaul and northwestern Cisalpine Gaul, mainly in the Western Alps regions, Rhodanus eastern basin and upper Po (river), Po river basin. *Acitavones *Adenates / Adanates – slopes of the Western Alps (Maurienne-Modanne), Southern Gaul *Adunicates – Andon, Alpes-Maritimes, Andon área, Southern Gaul *Albici – Middle and Lower Durance river valley, Southern Gaul (tribal confederation) **Albienses / Albici Proper **Vordenses **Vulgientes *Anatili *Avantices (Avantici) *Avatices / Avatici – Camargue – Rhodanus river delta, south of the

, in Southern

*Belaci *Bodiontici – in Southern Gaul *Bormanni *Bramovices – Low Tarentaise Valley, Tarentaise, Savoy, Southern Gaul *Briganii / Brigianii – Briançon, High Durance river valley, Southern Gaul *Caburri *Camatulici *Casmonates / Cosmonates (in the area of Castellazzo Bormida) *Caturiges – Chorges, High Durance river valley, in Southern Gaul *Cavares/Cavari – North of Low Durance, Arausio (Orange, Vaucluse, Orange), in Southern Gaul (tribal confederation) **Cavares Proper **Meminii / Menimii *Ceutrones / Centrones – Moûtiers, in the western Alps slopes, Southern Gaul *Coenicenses *Dexivates *Esubiani – Ubaye Valley, Southern Gaul *Euburiates *Gabieni *Glanici *Graioceli / Graioceli, Garocelli – Alps western slopes in part of eastern Savoy, and Alps eastern slopes, northwestern Piedmont in the Graian Alps *Iadatini *Iconii – Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Gap, in Southern Gaul *Irienses *Libii / Libici *Ligauni *Maielli *Medulli – upper valley of Maurienne, Transalpine Gaul, Southern Gaul *Naburni *Nearchi *Nemalones / Nemolani – in Southern Gaul *Nemeturii – High Var (river), Var river valley, Southern Gaul *Orobii - in the northern Italian Alpine valleys of Bergamo, Como and Lecco *Quariates – in Southern Gaul *Reieni / Reii - in Southern Gaul *Salassi (Gauls, Gallo-Ligures, Ligurian people) – Aosta Valley and Canavese (Northern Piedmont) (Ivrea) *Salyes / Salluvii *Savincates *Sebagini * Segobriges *Segovi *Segusini - in Susa, Piedmont, Segusa (today's Susa, Piedmont, Susa, Piemonte) *Sentienes / Sentii – Senez, in Southern Gaul *Sigorii *Sogiontii *Suelteri / Sueltri *Suetrii *Taurini – parts of central Piedmont (Turin region) *Tebavii *Tricastini *Tricorii – in Southern Gaul *Tritolii *Ucenni *Veamini – in Southern Gaul *Vennavi *Vergunni – Vinon-sur-Verdon, Southern Gaul *Verucini *Vocontii / Transalpine Gaul Vertamocori – Vaison-la-Romaine, Southern Gaul (in modern Provence, on the east bank of the

and Vercors Plateau, Vercors, southern Gaul. **Vertamocorii – Eastern Piedmont (Novara). Said by Pliny the Elder, Pliny to descend from the Vocontii.

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania

They lived in large parts of the

, in the Northern, Central, and Western regions (half of the Peninsula's territory). The

in the

were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the La Tène culture that defined classical Iron Age Celts. Earlier migrations were Hallstatt culture, Hallstatt in culture and later came La Tène influenced peoples. Celtic or (Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European) Pre-Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe. They dwelt in northern, central and western regions of the

, but also in several southern regions. They spoke Celtic languages - Hispano-Celtic languages which were of the

type, more Conservative (linguistics), conservative Celtic languages, Celtic languages. Romans initially organized the Peninsula in two provinces (later in three): Hispania Citerior ("Nearer Hispania", "Hispania that is Closer", from the perspective of the Romans), was a region of

during the Roman Republic, roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the Iberus (Ebro) Valley and later the eastern, central, northern and northwestern areas of the

in what would become the Tarraconensis Roman province (of what is now

and northern

). Hispania Ulterior ("Further Hispania", "Hispania that is Beyond", from the perspective of the Romans) was a region of

during the Roman Republic, roughly located in what would become the Roman province, provinces of Baetica (that included the Guadalquivir, Baetis, Guadalquivir, valley of modern Spain) and extending to all of Lusitania (modern south and central Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca province). The Roman province of

included both Celtic speaking and non-Celtic speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

Western Hispano-Celts (Celts of Western Hispania)

Western Hispano-Celts were Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited most of north and western Iberian Peninsula regions. They are often confused or taken as synonym of Celtiberians but, in fact, they were a distinct Celtic population that was most part of Iberian Peninsula Celtic populations. They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic languages, Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type, a more Conservative (linguistics), conservative Celtic languages, Celtic language) which was not Celtiberian (Celtic languages of

are often lumped as Hispano-Celtic). *Allotriges / Autrigones – East Burgos (Spain), Northwestern La Rioja (Spain), La Rioja (Spain) to the Atlantic Coast *Astures – Asturias and León (province), northern León (Spain), and east of Trás-os-Montes Province, Trás os Montes (Portugal), (tribal confederation). **Cismontani ***Amaci ***Cabruagenigi ***Gigurri ***Lancienses ***Lougei ***Orniaci ***Superatii ***Susarri/Astures Proper ***Tiburi ***Zoelae – Eastern Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), (Miranda do Douro). **Transmontani ***Baedunienses ***Brigaentini ***Cabarci ***Iburri ***Luggones/Lungones ***Paenii ***Paesici ***Saelini ***Vinciani ***Viromenici. Might be related to the Viromandui. *Bebryaces / Berybraces – unknown location, may have been related to the Bebryces (gauls) or the Berones, there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the Celtiberians. *Berones – La Rioja (Spain), La Rioja (Spain). Could have been related to the Eburones. *Cantabri – Cantabria, part of Asturias and part of Castile and León (Spain); some consider them not Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European as could have been the Lusitani and Vettones]

If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A Tribal confederation. **Avarigines **Blendii / Plentusii / Plentuisii **Camarici / Tamarici **Concani (Cantabri), Concani / Gongani (Cantabri), Gongani – two tribes of similar name (the Britannia Gangani and Hibernia Gangani) lived in Britannia and Hibernia, they could have been three branches of the same tribe, three related tribes with common ancestors or three different tribes that shared similar names. **Coniaci / Conisci **Moroecani **Noegi **Orgenomesci **Salaeni / Selaeni **Vadinienses **Vellici / Velliques *Caristii / Caristii, Carietes – today's West Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries Common Era, CE; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones could have been

If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). *Carpetani – Central Geography of Spain#The Inner Plateau and associated mountains, Iberian meseta (Spain), in the geographical centre of the

, in a large part of today's Castilla-La Mancha and Community of Madrid, Madrid regions. A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes. (the name of these tribes is known today by archaeology discovery of their names in old stellae and not by mention of any known or survived works of Classical Antiquity authors) **Aelarici / Aelariques **Aeturici / Aeturiques **Arquioci - in Alcalá de Henares, Iplacea, Roman named Complutum (today's Alcalá de Henares) region. **Acualici / Acualiques **Bocourici / Bocouriques **Canbarici - in Toletum (Toledo, Spain, Toledo) region. **Contucianci - in Segobriga region. **Dagencii **Dovilici / Doviliques **Duitici / Duitiques **Duniques **Elguismici / Elguismiques **Langioci **Longeidoci **Maganici / Maganiques **Malugenici / Malugeniques **Manucici / Manuciques **Maureici **Mesici (tribe), Mesici **Metturici **Moenicci **Obisodici / Obisodiques - in Toletum (Toledo, Spain, Toledo) region **Pilonicori **Solici **Tirtalici / Tirtaliques - in Segobriga region. **Uloci / Uloques **Venatioci / Venatioques *Celtici – Portugal south of the Tagus and north of Guadiana (''Anas''), Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal), western Extremadura (Spain), (tribal confederation). **Celtici of Ronda, Arunda (Ronda) – in south Turdetania, later Baetica Roman province, (in today's western Málaga Province), Andalusia region (southernmost known Celtic tribe). **Cempsi **Conii – according to some scholars, Conii and Cynetes were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe; in this case, the Conii may have dwelt along the northern banks of the middle Guadiana, Anas (Guadiana) river, in today's western Extremadura region of Spain, and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the Cynetes of Algarve, Cyneticum (Algarve) that dwelt from the west banks of the Low river Guadiana, Anas (Guadiana) further to the south (the celticization of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes).Jorge de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia, vol. IV, n° 2, 2001, p. 312 e segs. **Mirobrigenses **Sefes, Saephes / Sefes, Saefes / Sefes - people or tribe of the Celtici that has been identified as synonymous with the Ophiussa, Ophi or ''Serpent People'' (their land was called Ophiussa), a people that migrated westward and conquered and expelled an older people known as the Oestriminis, Oestrymni or Oestrimni (in a land that was called Oestriminis). **Unknown tribes *Callaici, Gallaeci / Callaici (Calaici, Gallecians) – Gallaecia (Spain & Portugal). Western Hispano-Celts largest tribal confederation. **Abobrigenses **Addovi / Iadovi **Aebocosi **Aedui (Gallaecian tribe) **Albiones / Albioni – western Asturias (Spain). **Amphiloci **Aquaflavienses / Aquiflavienses - Vila Real District (Chaves, Portugal, Chaves), (

) **Arroni / Arrotrebi **Artabri, Arrotrebae / Artabri (Artabri, Turodes Artabri) – Northern Galicia (Spain), They might be related to the Atrebates of

. **Artodii **Aunonenses **Baedi **Banienses – around Baião Municipality, Eastern Porto District, (Portugal). **Barhantes **Bibali / Bibali, Biballi **Bracari / Bracari, Callaeci Bracari – roughly in today's Braga District, (Portugal). **Brassii **Brigantes (Gallaecian tribe) – Northern Bragança District, Bragança, Portugal, Bragança, (Portugal). **Caladuni **Capori / Copori **Celtici (Gallaecian) ***Celtici Praestamarici ***Celtici Supertamarici **Cibarci **Cileni **Coelerni – southwestern Ourense Province (Spain), south of Minho (river). **Cuci (Gallaecian tribe), Cuci **Egi **Egovarri / Varri Namarini **Equaesi – Minho Province, Minho and Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Gallaeci (Proper), Gallaeci or Gallaeci (Proper), Callaeci Proper, this tribe gave name to the larger tribal confederation of the same name (not the same tribe as the Bracari) - roughly in today's Porto District (Portuguese District = County) west of the Tâmega river. **Grovii / (Grovii, Turodes Grovii) – Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Iadones **Interamici / Interamnici – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Lapatianci **Lemavi **Leuni – Minho (Portugal). **Limici – Lima (river), Lima river banks, Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Louguei **Luanqui – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Naebisoci / Aebisoci **Namarii **Narbasi -Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Nemetati – Minho (Portugal). **Nerii / Nerii, Neri **Poemani, they might be related to the Paemani. **Quaquerni / Querquerni – Minho (Portugal). **Segodii **Seurbi – Minho (Portugal). **Seurri – Sarria Municipality, East Central Galicia (Spain) **Tamagani – Chaves, Portugal, Chaves (Portugal). **Tongobrigenses **Turodi / Turodi, Turodes – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). *Cynetes – Algarve, Cyneticum (today's Algarve region) and Low Alentejo (Portugal); originally probably Tartessian language, Tartessians or similar, later celtized by the Celtici; according to some scholars, Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes
*Oestriminis, Oestrymni or Oestrimni or Oestriminis, Oestrymini - They lived in far-western

in coastal Atlantic regions (today's Galicia (Spain), Galicia and

) before other Celtic peoples, their land was called Oestriminis, Oestryminis or Oestriminis (their existence is not well proven, semi legendary people). *Osismii (Iberian Peninsula) - people mentioned along with the Oestriminis, Oestrymni or may have been the same people. *Plentauri – Northwestern La Rioja (Spain), La Rioja (Spain). *Turduli – Guadiana valley (Portugal) and Extremadura (Spain); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turduli, Turduli Baetici / Turduli Baetures - Baeturia/Baeturia Turdulorum (ancient northern region of Baetica Province), south and east of the river Guadiana, Anas (Guadiana) and northern slope of Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), Southern Extremadura region, Badajoz Province, Portugal Southeastern corner, East Beja District, Alentejo region. **Bardili (Turduli), Turduli Bardili – Setubal Peninsula (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turdulorum Oppida, Turduli Oppidani – Estremadura Province (historical), Estremadura and Beira Litoral Province, Beira Litoral (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turduli Veteres – Southern Douro banks, between Douro and Vouga River, Aveiro District, (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. *Turmodigi or Turmogi - Central Burgos. *Vaccaei – North Central Iberian meseta (Spain), middle Duero (river), Duero river basin. A tribal confederation. Ptolemy mentions 20 vaccaean Civitates (that also had the meaning of tribes) **Cauci (Vaccaei) – in Coca, Segovia, Cauca (Coca, Segovia) **Other tribes (19 other tribes mentioned by Ptolemy) *Varduli – today's East Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries AD; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones could have been. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic)

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts (Celtiberians)

Eastern Geography of Spain#The Inner Plateau and associated mountains, Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (''Anas''), Júcar, Jalón (river), Jalón, Jiloca (river), Jiloca and Turia (river), Turia, (tribal confederation). Mixed Celtic and Iberians, Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the

that lived in the

but to a narrower group (the majority of Celtic tribes in the

) were not Celtiberians. They spoke Celtiberian (a Continental Celtic languages, Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type, a more Conservative (language), conservative Celtic language). *Arevaci (Celtiberian Arevaci – Celtiberian tribe “Before or Close to the Vaccaei” – Are Vaci – Are Vaccaei) *Belli *Cratistii *Lobetani *Lusones – Western Zaragoza (province), Eastern Guadalajara (province), Guadalajara (Spain). *Mantesani / Mentesani / Mantasani – La Mancha Plateau, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain); they were a different people from the Oretani. *Olcades *Oretani? – northeastern Andalusia, northwest Region of Murcia, Múrcia and southern fringes of La Mancha, (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the Guadalquivir (ancient river ''Baetis''); Some consider them not Celti

(see Germani (Oretania)). *Pellendones / Cerindones, in high Duero river course (Numantia) and neighboring mountains, may also have been related to the Pelendi/Belendi that dwelt in the middle of the river Sigmatis, today's Leyre (river), Leyre. *Titii (Celtiberian) *Turboletae / Turboleti *Uraci / Duraci *Possible Celtiberian tribe **Belendi / Pelendi – Belin-Béliet, Belinum territory (Belin-Béliet), in the middle Sigmatis river (in today's Leyre (river), Leyre) river area, south of the Bituriges Vivisci and the Boii Boiates; they may have been related to the Pellendones (a Celtiberians, Celtiberian tribe). Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani (a people that may have been the ancestor of the Basques).

Insular Celts

Insular Celts were the Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited the

, Britannia (Great Britain), the main largest island to the east, and Hibernia (Ireland), the main smaller island to the west. There were three or four distinct Celtic populations in these islands, in Britannia inhabited the

, the Caledonians or Picts, the Belgae (not surely known if they were a Celtic people or a distinct but closely related one); in Hibernia inhabited the Gaels, Hibernians or Gaels, Goidels or Gaels.

and Caledonians or Picts spoke the P-Celtic type languages, a more

Celtic languages, Celtic language (*kʷ > p) while Gaels, Hibernians or Gaels, Goidels or Gaels spoke

type languages, a more Conservative (linguistics), conservative Celtic languages, Celtic language. Classical Antiquity authors did not call the British islands peoples and tribes as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons (in Britannia). They only used the name Celts or Gauls for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

They spoke Common Brittonic, Brittonic (an Insular Celtic languages, Insular Celtic language of the P Celtic type). They lived in Britannia, it was the name Romans gave, based on the name of the people: the Britons (Celtic people), Britanni. Some closely fit the concept of a

but others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *Ancalites (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; uncertain: speculatively Hampshire and Wiltshire) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Attacotti (origin uncertain) *Bibroci (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; location uncertain but possibly Berkshire) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Boresti (sometimes ''Horesti'') (In or near Fife, Scotland according to Tacitus) *Brigantes (an important tribe in most of Northern England and in the south-east corner of Ireland) *Cantiaci (in present-day Kent which preserves the ancient tribal name) *Carvetii (Cumberland) *Cassi (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; possibly south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Corieltauvi / Coritani (East Midlands including Leicester) *Corionototae (possibly a tribe, a subtribe of the Brigantes or a group of warriors) (Northumberland) *Cornovii (Midlands) *Damnonii (Southwestern Scotland) *Deceangli (Flintshire, Wales) *Demetae (Dyfed, Wales) *Dobunni (Cotswolds and Severn valley) *Dumnonii (Devon, Cornwall, Somerset) **Cornovii (Cornwall) (a sub-tribe of the Dumnonii) *Durotriges (Dorset, south Somerset, south Wiltshire, possibly the Isle of Wight *Gabrantovices *Gangani (Llŷn Peninsula, Wales) - A tribe of the same name, the Gangani (''Ganganoi''), lived in Hibernia's southwestern coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. A tribe of similar name, the Gongani or Concani, was a tribe of the Cantabri, they could have been another branch of the same tribe, related tribes with common ancestors or a different tribe that shared a similar name. *Iceni-Cenimagni (may have been the same tribe) **Cenimagni (Iceni, Iceni Magni?) (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; perhaps the same as the Iceni) **Iceni (East Anglia) – under Boudica, they rebelled against Roman rule *Novantae (Galloway and Carrick, Scotland, Carrick) *Ordovices (Gwynedd, Wales) – they waged guerrilla warfare from the north Wales hills * Parisi (East Riding of Yorkshire). A tribe of similar name, the Parisii (Gaul), Parisii, dwelt in

region,

. *Segontiaci (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; probably south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Selgovae (Dumfriesshire and the Kirkcudbrightshire, Stewartry of Kirkcudbright) *Setantii (possibly a tribe) (Lancashire) *Silures (south Wales) – resisted the Romans in present-day south Wales *Trinovantes / Trinobantes (Essex) – neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion *Votadini / Otadini (north-east England and south-east Scotland) – they later formed Gododdin

Picts / Caledonians

They were a different people from the Britons (Celtic people), Britons , but may have shared common ancestry. They lived as a tribal confederation in Caledonia (today's Northern Scotland); the Caledonian Forest (Caledonian Forest, Caledonia Silva) was in their land. *Caledonians / Caledones - a tribal confederation **Caledones Proper / Caledonii Proper (along the Great Glen) **Taexali/Taezali (Angus, Scotland, Angus and Grampian) **Vacomagi (in and around the Cairngorms) **Venicones (Fife and south-west Tayside in Scotland) *Carnonacae (western Scottish Highlands, Highlands) *Caereni, Carini or Caereni (far western Scottish Highlands, Highlands) *Cateni (north and west of Sutherland) – they gave the county its Gaelic name Cataibh *Cornovii (Caithness), Cornovii/Cornavii (far northern mainland Scotland) (northernmost known Celtic tribe) *Creones (Argyll) *Decantae or Decantae, Ducantae (eastern Ross, Scotland, Ross and Black Isle) *Epidii (Kintyre and neighboring islands) *Lugi (southern Sutherland) *Maeatae / Maetae (Maeatae, Miathi?) *Smertae (central Sutherland) *Tribe of unknown name in the Faroe Islands (may have been Picts) *Tribe of unknown name in the Orkney Islands (may have been Picts) *Tribe of unknown name in the Shetland Islands (may have been Picts)

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

They spoke Goidelic (an Insular Celtic languages, Insular Celtic language of the Q Celtic type. According to Ptolemy's ''Geography (Ptolemy), Geography'' (2nd century AD) (in brackets the names are in Greek as on the map): *Uaithni, Autini (''Aouteinoi'' - ''Auteinoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Brigantes#Brigantes in Ireland, Brigantes (

? A tribe of the same name lived in northern Roman Britain, Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name) *Cauci (Καῦκοι, ''Kaukoi'' on the map) A tribe of the same name (Chauci) lived in Northern

or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name. *Coriondi (or ''Koriondoi'') A tribe of a similar name (Corionototae) lived in Northern Britannia. *Darini (''Darinoi'') *Eblani (''Eblanioi'') *Erdini (''Erdinoi'') *Gangani (''Ganganoi'') (

? A tribe of the same name lived in western Roman Britain, Britannia (today's northwestern Wales) they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. *Iverni (''Iouernoi'' - ''Iwernoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Manapii (''Manapioi'') (Belgae? A tribe of similar name, the Menapii, lived in the coast of Belgica province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names) *Nagnatae or Magnatae (''Nagnatai'' or ''Magnatai'') *Robogdii (''Rhobogdioi'') *Usdiae (''Ousdiai'' - ''Usdiai'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Uterni (''Outernoi'' - ''Uternoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Velabri or Vellabori (''Ouellaboroi'' - ''Wellabrioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Vennicnii (''Ouenniknioi'' - ''Wenniknioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Volunti (''Ouolountioi'' - ''Woluntioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) – identifiable with the Ulaidh/Uluti *Later peoples **Scotti (western portion of Scotland, later they expanded for most part of the country) - a later people from late

and early Middle Ages, descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes (mostly from the Darini, Robogdii and Volunti / Uluti) that crossed the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, they formed the kingdoms of Ulaid and Dál Riata.

Possible Para-Celts

Para-Celtic has the meaning that these peoples had common ancestors with the

but were not Celts themselves (although they were later Celticized and belong to a Celtic culture sphere of influence), they were not direct descendants from the Proto-Celts. They may in fact have been Proto-Celto-Italic, predating the Celtic languages, Celtic or Italic languages, Italic languages and originated earlier from either Proto-Celts, Proto-Celtic or Proto-Italics, Proto-Italic populations who spread from

into

after new Yamnaya migrations into the Danube Valley.Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana, Salamanca: Universidad, 2000 Alternatively, a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-west Indo-European" and associated with the Beaker culture, may have been ancestral to not only Celtic languages, Celtic and Italic languages, Italic, but also to Germanic languages, Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic.

Belgae

A people or a group of related tribes that dwelt in Belgica, parts of Britannia, and may have dwelt in parts of Hibernia and also of

) (large tribal confederation). According to classical authors works, like Caesar's

, they were a different people and spoke a different language (Ancient Ancient Belgian language, Belgic) from the

and Britons (Celtic people), Britons; they were clearly an Indo-European people and may have spoken a Celtic language. There is also the possibility that their language may have been a different language branch of Indo-European from the Nordwestblock culture, which may have been intermediary between Germanic languages, Germanic and Celtic languages, Celtic, and might have been affiliated to Italic languages, Italic (according to a Maurits Gysseling hypothesis). *Mainlander Belgae (in Belgica) **Ambiani – Amiens ** Ambivareti **Atrebates (in Belgica) – Arras **Bellovaci – Beauvais **Caletes, Caleti/Caletes – Harfleur (''Caracotinum''), later Lillebonne (''Juliobona'') **Catalauni / Catalauni, Gaul Catuvellauni – Châlons-en-Champagne **Catuslogi **Eburones (mixed Belgae and Germani cisrhenani people) **Leuci – Toul (''Tullum Leucorum'') **Mediomatrici – Metz **Meldi – Marne (department), Marne (''Matrona'') – Meaux **Menapii – Cassel, France, Cassel. A tribe of similar name, the Manapii (''Manapioi''), lived in southeastern Hibernia (modern Ireland) coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. **Morini – Boulogne-sur-Mer **Nervii – Bavay, Belgae largest tribal confederation. ***Ceutrones (Belgae) ***Geidumni ***Grudii ***Levaci ***Nervii Proper ***Pleumoxii **Remi – Reims **Silvanectii – Senlis **Suessiones – Soissons (Suessetani may have been related, result of a migration towards south)Mountain, Harry. (1997). ''The Celtic Encyclopedia'' p.225 (v. 1) **Tencteri –

east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germanic peoples, Germani tribe. **Treveri – Trier **Usipetes –

east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germanic peoples, Germani tribe. **Veliocasses/Veliocasses, Velicasses/Veliocasses, Velocasses – Rouen **Viromandui – Noyon *Islander Belgae (in south and southeast Great Britain) **Atrebates (in Britannia) – an important Belgic tribe of today's Southern England, in Berkshire. Related to or a branch of the Atrebates that lived in

. **Belgae (tribe) (in Britannia) – Belgic tribe, in today's England's south coast, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, Wiltshire **Catuvellauni (Britannia, today's Hertfordshire) – Belgic tribe, neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion. May have been related to the Catalauni. May have conquered and assimilated the Ancalites, Bibroci, Cassi, part of the Iceni (Cenimagni) and the Segontiaci, which were Britons (ancient), Brittonic or Britons (ancient), British tribes (Insular Celts). **Regni / Regnenses – Belgic tribe, in today's East Hampshire, Sussex and Surrey *Possible Belgae tribe **Suessetani - Far North Western Aragon and Far South Eastern Navarra (Spain), between the rivers Gallicus (Gállego (river), Gállego) and Low Aragón (river), Aragon, and between the river Ebro and Sierra de Santo Domingo mountains. Alba (Arba) river basin (a tributary of the Ebro) was in the centre of their territory that also included the Bardenas Reales. Corbio was their capital. They were north of the Celtiberians, south of the Iacetani and the Vascones, west of the Galli (tribe). They were later conquered by the Vascones in the 2nd Century B.C. which were allies of the Ancient Rome, Romans. Could have been related to the Suessiones (a tribe of the Belgae).

Ligurians

Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South-east France, French and North-west Italy, Italian coasts, including far Northern and Northwestern Tuscany and Corsica. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were known already in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek , ''Keltolígues''). Very little is known about this language, Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para-Celtic; (i.e. an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). They spoke ancient Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian. *Alpini / Montani *Apuani – Eastern Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. *Bagienni (or Vagienni) – (in the area of Bene Vagienna) *Bimbelli *Briniates (or Boactes) – (in the area of Brugnato) *Celelates *Cerdiciates *Commoni *Cosmonates *Deciates – (a tribe that dwelt in the region of Antibes, Antipolis (Antibes) west of the river Var (river), Varus (Var), in modern Provence) *Epanterii *Euburiates *Friniates – (in the area now called Pavullo nel Frignano, Frignano) *Garuli – (in the area of Cenisola) *Genuates – (in the area of Genoa, Genua - Genoa) *Hercates *Ilvates (or Iluates) – (if different from the Iriates) (on the island of Elba) *Iriates / Ilvates / Mainland Ilvates (Iluates?) *Ingauni – Western Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains and Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. *Intemelii - Western Liguria from the Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, west of the Ingauni, in the Ventimiglia, Albium Intemelium area (today's Ventimiglia). *Laevi – a Ligurian tribe that dwelt in the low river Ticino river, Ticinus (Ticino), according to both Livy & Pliny. According to Livy (v. 34), they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC *Langates *Lapicini (or Lapicinii) – In the extreme northern regions of Liguria, as it was defined in Roman times, on a tributary of the Magra *Libici / Libui – Between the rivers Duria Bautica/Dora Baltea, Duria Maior (Dora Baltea) and Sesia, Sesites/Sessites (Sesia). *Magelli *Marici (Ligures), Marici – (near the confluence of the rivers Orba (torrente), Orba, Bormida River, Bormida and Tanaro) *Olivari *Oxybii - a Ligurian tribe that dwelt on the Mediterranean coast between Marseille, Massalia (Marseille) and Antipolis. *Sabates *Segusini (or Cottii) – Western Piedmont on Cottian Alps (Susa (Italy), Susa) *Statielli / Statiellates – on the road from Vada Sabatia, near Savona to Tortona, Dertona (Tortona) and Piacenza, Placentia *Sueltri / Suelteri *Tigulli – from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, west of the Apuani. *Tricastini *Vediantii *Veiturii *Veleiates / Veliates *Veneni *Possible Ligurian tribes **Corsi people, Corsi ***Belatones (Belatoni) ***Cervini ***Cilebenses (Cilibensi) ***Corsi people, Corsi Proper ***Cumanenses (Cumanesi) ***Lestricones / Lestrigones (Lestriconi / Lestrigoni) ***Licinini ***Longonenses (Longonensi) ***Macrini ***Opini ***Subasani ***Sumbri ***Tarabeni ***Tibulati ***Titiani ***Venacini

Lusitanians-Vettones

*Lusitanians (Lusitanians, Lusitani/Lusitanians, Bellitani) –

south of the Douro and north of the Tagus, and northwestern Extremadura (

). They spoke Lusitanian language, Lusitanian, a now extinct language which was clearly Indo-European languages, Indo-European but the kinship of it as a Celtic languages, Celtic language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an Italic languages, Italic origin or some kinship to the Nordwestblock culture language (Ancient Belgian language, Ancient Belgian). Hence Lusitanian language may have been a Para-Celtic Indo-European languages, Indo-European branch, like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European speaking culture of the

closely related to the neighbouring Vettones tribal confederation. However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto-Celtic language and were Proto-Celtic in ethnicity. **Arabrigenses **Aravi **Coelarni/Colarni **Interamnienses **Lancienses ***Lancienses Oppidani ***Lancienses Transcudani ***Ocelenses Lancienses **Meidubrigenses **Paesuri – Douro and Sever do Vouga, Vouga (Portugal). **Palanti (Lusitanian tribes), Palanti **Talures **Tangi (group of tribes), Tangi ***Elbocori ***Igaeditani ***Tapoli, Tapori/Tapoli – river Tagus, around the border area of Portugal and Spain. **Veaminicori **Other Lusitanian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not Vettones) ***Calontienses ***Caluri ***Coerenses *Vettones – Ávila, Spain, Ávila and Salamanca (Spain), may have been a Pre-Celtic Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people, closely related to the Lusitani. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A tribal confederation. **Bletonesii – Ledesma, Salamanca, Bletisama (today's Ledesma, Salamanca, Ledesma) was their main centre, Salamanca Province, Spain. **Other Vettonian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not Vettones) ***Calontienses ***Caluri ***Coerenses

Turdetanians

Today's Western Andalusia (Hispania Baetica), Baetis (Guadalquivir) river valley and basin, Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), some consider them Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones. If their language, called Tartessian language, Turdetanian or Tartessian language, Tartessian, was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Also may have been a non-Indo-European people related to the Iberians, but not the same people. A tribal confederation but with much more centralized power, may have formed an early form of Monarchy, Kingdom or a Proto-civilisation (see Tartessos) *Cilbiceni – approximately in today's Cádiz Province *Elbisini / Eloesti / Olbisini – in today's Huelva Province *Etmanei – in the middle area of ''Baetis'' (Guadalquivir) river course and surrounding region, approximately in today's Córdoba Province, Spain, Córdoba Province *Gletes / Galetes / Ileates – in Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), approximately in today's northern areas of the provinces of Huelva Province, Huelva, Seville Province, Seville and Córdoba Province, Spain, Córdoba *Turdetani / Tartessii Proper – in the low course of the river ''Guadalquivir, Baetis'' (which they called ''Guadalquivir, Rherkēs'' or ''Guadalquivir, Kertis'') (Guadalquivir) and surrounding region, approximately in today's Seville Province

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Transitional people between

and Italics? Celticized Italic people? Para-Celtic people? *Catali *Catari *Histri *Liburnians **Caulici **Enchealae **Hymanes **Hythmitae **Ismeni **Lopsi **Mentores **Peucetiae **Syopii *Secusses *Subocrini *Adriatic Veneti, Veneti Proper *Venetulani

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celts, Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

*Osi (ancient tribe), Osi/Osii – areas of modern Slovakia

Celts, Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

*Germani Cisrhenani / Tungri (etymologies of the tribes names were Celtic languages, Celtic; Belgae, Belgic people? Chiefs anthroponyms were also Celtic languages, Celtic)

influenced by Germanic peoples, Germanics or the opposite? The name ''Germani'' for ancient authors such as

did not always had an accurate ethnic or linguistic meaning, they were not necessarily Germanics. (a collective name for 7 tribes) **Aduatuci / Atuatuci **Ambivaretes / Ambivareti **Caemani / Paemani **Caeraesi / Caeroesi / Caerosi **Condrusi **Eburones (later Toxandri / Texuandri?) **Segni *Lugii – north and northeast of the Boii and Volcae, areas of modern far southwestern and far southern Poland; also may have been a Germanic tribe. *Tencteri? (name etymology is Celtic) *Usipetes?

Celtic-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

, a Celt, Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic people, and according to Livy "the bravest nation on earth". Possibly originating in Galicia (Eastern Europe) from the interaction between

, Germanic peoples, Germanics and Sarmatians, Sarmatian Iranian peoples. **Peucini

Celts, Celto-Illyrians?

*Iapydes / Iapodes / Japodes **Posenoi, a community of the Iapodes

Iberians, Ibero-Celts, Celto-Ligurians

*Elisyces / Elisyces, Helisyces - a tribe that dwelt in the region of Narbo (

) and modern northern Roussillon. May have been either Iberians, Iberian or Ligurians, Ligurian or a Celts, Celto-Ligures, Ligurian-Iberians, Iberian tribe.

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

They lived in Central

, eastern parts of present-day Switzerland, the Tyrol (state), Tyrol in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northern Italy. They spoke the Rhaetian language. There is evidence that the non-Celtic (and Pre-Indo-European Europe, Pre-Indo-European) elements (see Tyrsenian languages) had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech. In addition, the abundance of Celtic toponyms and the complete absence of Etruscan place names in the Rhaetian territory leads to the conclusion that, by the time of Roman conquest, the Rhaetians were completely Celticized. *Benlauni - Upper valley of fl. Inn, Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, along with the Breuni (may have been older dwellers than the Breuni), not the same as the Breuni, Innsbruck, Pons Aeni (modern Wasserburg am Inn, Wasserburg) was their main centre. *Breuni / Brenni/Breones - Upper valley of fl. Inn, Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, and Val Bregna and around Brenner Mountain; also may have been an Illyrian tribes, Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian one. *Brixenetes / Brixentes / Brixantae - Upper valley of fl. Adige, Athesis (r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy, around Bressanone/Brixen. *Calucones / Culicones - Calanda (mountain), Calanda (upper valley of fl.

- r. Rhine) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland and Valtellina, Colico. *Camunni / Camuni - Val Camonica (river Oglio) in today's Brescia Province (Lombardia, Italy); also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian tribe. *Camunni – in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps. A celticized Rhaetian people, Rhaetic tribe. Some consider them to be Celtic. *Consuanetae / Cosuanetes/Cotuantii? - Upper and middle valley of fl. Isarus (r. Isar) ( Bavarian Alps) in today's Upper Bavaria, Germany; also may have been a tribe of the

(a tribal confederacy), named Cotuantii (if they are the same). *Focunates - Upper valley of fl. Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, neighbours to Genaunes and Breuni. *Genaunes / Genauni - Upper valleys of the fl. Aenus (r. Inn) and the Adige, Athesis (Adige) in today's Tyrol (state), Tirol (North Tirol and South Tirol); also may have been an Illyrian tribes, Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian one; east of the Lepontii. *Isarci - Valley of fl. Eisack, Isarcus (r. Isarco) in today's South Tirol, Italy. *Medoaci - close to the Brenta (river), Meduacum (Brenta) source, Borgo Valsugana, Ausugum (Borgo Valsugana) was their main town. *Mesiales - south of the Lepontii. *Naunes - in Val di Non, Trento Province. *Querquani - in Quero, Veneto, Quero area (today's Belluno Province, Veneto region, Veneto Region). * Rucinates / Rucantii? - Between rivers Isarus ( Isar) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria; also may have been a tribe of the

(a tribal confederation). *Rugusci / Ruigusci/Rucantii? Upper Engadin (fl. Aenus - r. Inn) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland. *Suanetes / Suanitae / Sarunetes - Upper

(Upper Rhine) and Valley of r. Albula (river), Albula in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland. *Tridentini - in the middle Adige, Athesis (Adige) river basin. *Trumpilini / Trumplini - Val Trompia in today's Brescia Province, Italy; also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe. * Vennonetes / Vennones / Vennonienses - Upper valley of fl.

(r. Rhine) in today's

, Switzerland; also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a tribe of the

(a tribal confederation). *Venostes - Vinschgau (It. Val Venosta) (fl. Adige, Athesis - r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy.

Notes

References

* Alberro, Manuel and Arnold, Bettina (eds.),
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
', University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Center for Celtic Studies, 2005. * Haywood, John. (2001). ''Atlas of the Celtic World''. London: Thames & Hudson. * Kruta, Venceslas. (2000). ''Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire''. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ». . * Mallory, J.P. and Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. .

External links

* https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/ - electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html – 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity (Greek and Roman). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html – Julius Caesar text of

(Gallic War). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Spanish_War/home.html – Unknown author text (about Julius Caesar in Hispania) of De Bello Hispaniensi (Spanish War). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html – Pliny the Elder text of Naturalis Historia (Natural History) – books 3–6 (Geography and Ethnography). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html – Strabo's text of De Geographica (The Geography). {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Celtic Tribes Historical Celtic peoples, Lists of ancient people, Celtic Lists of ancient Indo-European peoples and tribes

Ancestors

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Eastern CeltsMallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

Galatians Galatians may refer to: * Galatians (people) * Epistle to the Galatians, a book of the New Testament * English translation of the Greek ''Galatai'' or Latin ''Galatae'', ''Galli,'' or ''Gallograeci'' to refer to either the Galatians or the Gauls in ...

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ...
( Galli or Celtae)

Gauls, Cisalpine Gauls

Celts, Lepontine Celts

Celts, Celto-Ligurians / Gauls, Gallo-Ligurians

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania

Western Hispano-Celts (Celts of Western Hispania)

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts (Celtiberians)

Insular Celts

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

Picts / Caledonians

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

Possible Para-Celts

Belgae

Ligurians

Lusitanians-Vettones

Turdetanians

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celts, Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celts, Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celtic-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

Celts, Celto-Illyrians?

Iberians, Ibero-Celts, Celto-Ligurians

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Ancestors

Continental Celts The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Eastern CeltsMallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

Galatians Galatians may refer to: * Galatians (people) * Epistle to the Galatians, a book of the New Testament * English translation of the Greek ''Galatai'' or Latin ''Galatae'', ''Galli,'' or ''Gallograeci'' to refer to either the Galatians or the Gauls in ...

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ... ( Galli or Celtae)

Gauls, Cisalpine Gauls

Celts, Lepontine Celts

Celts, Celto-Ligurians / Gauls, Gallo-Ligurians

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania

Western Hispano-Celts (Celts of Western Hispania)

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts (Celtiberians)

Insular Celts

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

Picts / Caledonians

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

Possible Para-Celts

Belgae

Ligurians

Lusitanians-Vettones

Turdetanians

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celts, Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celts, Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celtic-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

Celts, Celto-Illyrians?

Iberians, Ibero-Celts, Celto-Ligurians

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Gauls The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They s ...
( Galli or Celtae)