Following are lists of notable

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

dictionaries.

Explanatory dictionaries

}) ,

Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi Abu ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Amr ibn Tammām al-Farāhīdī al-Azdī al-Yaḥmadī ( ar, أبو عبدالرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي; 718 – 786 CE), known as Al-Farāhīdī, or Al-Khalīl, ...

( ar, الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي)
(''b''. 718 - ''d''. 791) , 8th century , , align="left" , ''Kitab al-Ayn'' was the first dictionary for the Arabic language. , - , '' Kitab al-Jim''
( ar, كتاب الجيم)
a.k.a. ''Kitab al-Lughat'' or ''Kitab al-Huruf'' , Abu Amr al-Shaybani
( ar, أبو عمرو الشيباني)
(''b''. ca. 738 - ''d''. 828) , 8-9th century , , align="left" , The only copy is in the El Escorial Library. , - , '' Al-Jamhara al-Lugha''
( ar, جمهرة اللغة)
a.k.a. ''Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha'' (The all-embracing in language) ,

Ibn Duraid Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Duraid al-Azdī al-Baṣrī ad-Dawsī Al-Zahrani (), or Ibn Duraid () (c. 837-933 CE), a leading grammarian of Baṣrah, was described as "the most accomplished scholar, ablest philologer and first poet of t ...

( ar, ابن دريد)
(''b''. 838 - ''d''. 933) , 9-10th century , , align="left" , The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary ''Kitab al-Ayn'' of

al-Farahidi Abu ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad ibn ‘Amr ibn Tammām al-Farāhīdī al-Azdī al-Yaḥmadī ( ar, أبو عبدالرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي; 718 – 786 CE), known as Al-Farāhīdī, or Al-Khalīl, ...

. , - , '' Tahdhib al-Lugha''
( ar, تهذيب اللغة) , Abu Manshur al-Azhari al-Harawi
( ar, أبو منصور الأزهري الهروي)
(''b''. 895 - ''d''. 981) , 10th century , , align="left" , The dictionary is important as a source of the Lisan al-Arab. , - , '' Al-Muhit fi al-Lugha''
( ar, المحيط في اللغة) , Al-Sahib ibn Abbad
( ar, الصاحب بن عبّاد)
(''b''. 938 - ''d''. 995) , 10th century , , align="left" , , - , '' Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiyya''
( ar, تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية)
''shorter title:'' ''Taj al-Lugha'' or ''al-Sihah'' ,

Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari Abu Nasr Isma'il ibn Hammad al-Jawhari () also spelled al-Jauhari (died 1002 or 1008) was a medieval Turkic lexicographer and the author of a notable Arabic dictionary ''al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-lughah'' (). Life He was born in the city of Farab ( O ...

( ar, إسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري)
(''b''. ? - ''d''. 1009) , 10-11th century , It contains about 40,000 dictionary entries. , align="left" , The author died at

Nishapur Nishapur or officially Romanized as Neyshabur ( fa, ;Or also "نیشاپور" which is closer to its original and historic meaning though it is less commonly used by modern native Persian speakers. In Persian poetry, the name of this city is wri ...

while attempting

flight Flight or flying is the process by which an object moves through a space without contacting any planetary surface, either within an atmosphere (i.e. air flight or aviation) or through the vacuum of outer space (i.e. spaceflight). This can be a ...

. , - , ''Mu`jam Maqayis al-Lugha''(; "Language Standards Compendium) , Ahmad Ibn Zakariyya al-Qazwini Ibn Faris , 11th century , , , - , '' Al-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-A'zam''
( ar, المحكم والمحيط الأعظم)
''shorter title:'' ''Al-Muhkam'' , Ibn Sidah
( ar, ابن سيده)
(''b''. 1007 - ''d''. 1066) , 11th century , , align="left" , The author was a blind man. , - , '' Lisan al-Arab''
( ar, لسان العرب) ,

Ibn Manzur Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī () also known as Ibn Manẓūr () (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author o ...

( ar, ابن منظور)
(''b''. 1233 - ''d''. 1312) , The dictionary was completed in 1290. , It contains about 80,000 dictionary entries. , align="left" , , - , ''Al-Misbah al-munir''( ; "The Enlightening Lamp") , Ahmed Al Maqri Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ali Al Maqri Al Fayoumi , The dictionary dates to 1368 , , , - , '' Al-Qamus al-Muhit wa al-Qabus al-Wasit''
( ar, القاموس المحيط، والقابوس الوسيط; "The Encompassing Ocean/Lexicon")
''shorter title:'' ''Al-Qamus al-Muhit'' , Al-Firuzabadi
( ar, الفيروزآبادي)
(''b''. 1329 - ''d''. 1414) , The dictionary was completed in 1410. , It contains about 60,000 dictionary entries. , align="left" , The dictionary served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic. , - , ''Ahkam Bab al-I`rab `n Lughat al-A`rab'' () , Germanus Farhat (1670–1732) , Printed by Rashid Dahdah (1813–1889) , , A revision of Fairuzabadi’s ''Al-Qamus Al-Muheet''. Arranged by word ending. , - , '' Taj al-Arus Min Jawahir al-Qamus''
( ar, تاج العروس)
''shorter title:'' ''Taj al-Arus'' , Abu al-Fayd Mohammad Murtada al-Zabidi
( ar, أبو الفيض محمد مرتضى الزبيدي ''b''. 1731 - ''d''. 1790) , The dictionary was completed in 1774.''Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature'', Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817. , It contains about 120,000 dictionary entries. , align="left" , , - , '' Muhit al-Muhit''
( ar, محيط المحيط)
a.k.a. ''Qutr al-Muhit'' (The Diameter of the Ocean)al-hakawati Butros Bustani
Retrieved 02 February 2015 ,

Butrus al-Bustani Butrus al-Bustani ( ar, بطرس البستاني, ; 1819–1883) was a writer and scholar from present day Lebanon. He was a major figure in the Nahda, which began in Egypt in the late 19th century and spread to the Middle East. He is cons ...

( ar, بطرس البستاني)
(''b''. 1819 - ''d''. 1883) , The dictionary was completed in 1870. , , align="left" , The author had dedicated the work to the

Sultan Abdulaziz Abdulaziz ( ota, عبد العزيز, ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz; tr, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup. He was a ...

. The sultan awarded him with a higher medal and 250 golden liras. , - , ''Al-Faraed Al-Hissan Min Qalaed Al-Lisan'' () , Ibrahim al-Yaziji (; ''b.'' 1847 - ''d.'' 1907) , 1870 , , , - , ''

Matn al-Lugha ''Matn al-Lugha'' (; "Corpus of the Language") was one of earliest modern monolingual dictionaries of the Arabic language, written by Lebanese linguist Sheikh Ahmed Rida, an important figure of the Arab literary renaissance. The five-volume dictio ...

'' (Corpus of the language) ,

Ahmad Rida Sheikh Ahmad Rida (also transliterated as Ahmad Reda) (1872–1953) ( ar, الشيخ أحمد رضا) was a Lebanese linguist, writer and politician. A key figure of the Arab Renaissance (known as al-Nahda), he compiled the modern monolingual Ar ...

( ar, أحمد رضا)
(''b''. 1872 - ''d''. 1953) , 1958 , , , - , '' Lexicon of the Modern Arabic Language''
( ar, معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة) , Ahmad Mukhtar Omar , 2008 , ,

Bilingual dictionaries

Influential Arabic dictionaries in Europe: * Pedro de Alcalá, ''Vocabulista'', 1505. A Spanish-Arabic glossary in transcription only. Edward Lipiński, 2012
Arabic Linguistics: A Historiographic Overview
pages 32-33 *

Valentin Schindler Valentin Schindler (14 February 1543 – 11 June 1604) was a Lutheran Hebraist and professor of the University of Wittenberg, where he was an important teacher of the Hebrew language. He moved by 1594 to Helmstedt. He is known for his dictionary " ...

, ''Lexicon Pentaglotton: Hebraicum, Chaldicum, Syriacum, Talmudico-Rabbinicum, et Arabicum'', 1612. Arabic lemmas were printed in Hebrew characters. *

Franciscus Raphelengius Frans van Ravelingen Latinized Franciscus Raphelengius (February 27, 1539 – July 20, 1597), was a Flemish-born scholar, printer and publisher, working in Antwerp and later in Leiden. During the last decade of his life he was professor of He ...

''Lexicon Arabicum''
Leiden 1613. The first printed dictionary of the Arabic language in Arabic characters. *

Jacobus Golius Jacob Golius born Jacob van Gool (1596 – September 28, 1667) was an Orientalist and mathematician based at the University of Leiden in Netherlands. He is primarily remembered as an Orientalist. He published Arabic texts in Arabic at Leiden, ...

, ''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'', Leiden 1653. The dominant Arabic dictionary in Europe for almost two centuries. *

Georg Freytag Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Freytag (19 September 1788 – 16 November 1861) was a German philologist. Background Freytag was born in Lüneburg. He studied philology and theology at the University of Göttingen, where from 1811 to 1813 he wor ...

, ''Lexicon Arabico-Latinum'', praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzubadiique et aliorum libris confectum I–IV, Halle 1830–1837 *

Edward William Lane Edward William Lane (17 September 1801 – 10 August 1876) was a British orientalist, translator and lexicographer. He is known for his ''Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians'' and the '' Arabic-English Lexicon,'' as well as his transla ...

, ''

Arabic–English Lexicon __NOTOC__ The ''Arabic–English Lexicon'' is an Arabic–English dictionary compiled by Edward William Lane (died 1876). It was published in eight volumes during the second half of the 19th century. It consists of Arabic words defined and explai ...

'', 8 vols, London-Edinburgh 1863–1893. Highly influential, but incomplete (stops at Kaf) Influential Arabic dictionaries in modern usage: * German (Classical Arabic): M. Ullmann, ''Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache I'', kāf, Wiesbaden 1970; II/1-4, lām, Wiesbaden 1984–2009. Missing mīm, nūn, hā’, wāw, and yā’. * German (Modern Standard Arabic):

Hans Wehr Hans Bodo Gerhardt Wehr (; 5 July 1909, Leipzig24 May 1981, Münster) was a German Arabist. A professor at the University of Münster from 1957–1974, he published the ''Arabisches Wörterbuch'' (1952), which was later published in an Engl ...

, ''Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart''. Arabisch-Deutsch, Wiesbaden 1952; 5th ed., 1985. ** English (translation of Hans Wehr): J Milton Cowan: ''

Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic The ''Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' is an Arabic-English dictionary compiled by Hans Wehr and edited by J Milton Cowan. First published in 1961 by Otto Harrassowitz in Wiesbaden, Germany, it was an enlarged and revised English version ...

''. Arabic-English, Wiesbaden 1971; 4th ed., 1979. * French: R. Blachère, C. Pellat, M. Chouémi, and C. Denizeau, ''Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais (langues classique et moderne)'', Paris 1963 ff. * Russian: Х.К. Баранов, ''Арабско-русский словарь'', Moscow 1957; 6th ed., 1985. * Polish: J. Kozłowska and J. Danecki, ''Słownik arabsko-polski'', Warszawa 1996 and J. Łacina, Słownik arabsko-polski, Poznań 1997. * Greek: G. Endress (ed.), ''A Greek and Arabic Lexicon'', Leiden 1992 ff.

Notes

References

{{Reflist, 30em

Arabic language Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

Arabic dictionaries Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

Explanatory dictionaries

Bilingual dictionaries

See also

Notes

References