This is a list of colonial Residents of Dutch Timor from the mid-seventeenth century to decolonization in 1949. Colonial rivalry on

Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western p ...

between the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...

(VOC) and the

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

began in 1613, conditioned by the desire to control the

sandalwood Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus ''Santalum''. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for us ...

trade in the region. The Dutch were permanently established on the island

Solor Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the lang ...

, to the north of Timor, from 1646. In 1653 they founded a fortress in

Kupang Kupang ( id, Kota Kupang, ), formerly known as Koepang, is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. At the 2020 C ensus, it had a population of 442,758; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 455,850. It is the largest ci ...

West Timor West Timor ( id, Timor Barat) is an area covering the western part of the island of Timor, except for the district of Oecussi-Ambeno (an East Timorese exclave). Administratively, West Timor is part of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The ca ...

, Fort Concordia, and made it their main regional base in 1657. The fortress was headed by a colonial Resident who, during the VOC era, carried the name ''opperhoofd''. The territory controlled by the VOC on Timor was originally restricted to the vicinity of Kupang, the so-called ''sespalen gebied''. After 1749 large parts of

fell under Dutch suzerainty, although attempts to subjugate areas in

East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...

were thwarted by 1761. The VOC was dissolved in 1799 and replaced by a new colonial organization under the

Batavian Republic The Batavian Republic ( nl, Bataafse Republiek; french: République Batave) was the successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis Bona ...

. Fort Concordia capitulated to the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

in January 1812 and stood under British rule until 1816 when it was returned to the new

Kingdom of the Netherlands , national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = ...

. Agreements with the Portuguese in 1851 and 1859 established the borders between Dutch and Portuguese Timor. In the late colonial period the Residency of Timor and Dependencies (''Timor en Onderhoorigheden'') consisted of West Timor,

Roti Roti (also known as chapati) is a round flatbread native to the Indian subcontinent. It is popular in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, Trinid ...

Savu Savu ( id, Sawu, also known as Sabu, Havu, and Hawu) is the largest of a group of three islands, situated midway between Sumba and Rote, west of Timor, in Indonesia's eastern province, East Nusa Tenggara. Ferries connect the islands to Waingapu ...

Sumbawa Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. Along with Lombok, it forms the province of West Nusa Tenggara, but there ...

Flores Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. Including the Komodo Islands off its west coast (but excluding the Solor Archipelago to the east of Flores), the land area is 15,530.58 km2, and th ...

, the

Solor Islands The Solor Archipelago () is a group of islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, lying to the east of Flores and to the west of the Alor Strait and the Alor Archipelago. To the north is the west part of the Banda Sea, while to the south ac ...

, and the Alor Islands. The Dutch administration was ousted through the

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

attack in 1942. The Dutch, assisted by a force from

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

returned in the fall of 1945. During the

Indonesian Revolution The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcoloni ...

in 1945-49 there was widespread republican and anti-colonial agitation, but no physical fighting. The last Dutch Resident A. Verhoef handed over his powers to a new

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

n administration in late 1949.

List of ResidentsHans Hägerdal (2012), pp. 425-7; ''Regeeringsalmanak Nederlandsch Indië'', 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff 1800-1942 (various titles).

* Hendrick Hendricksz van Oldenburgh (on Solor), 1646-1648 * Hendrick ter Horst (on Solor), 1648–1654 * Jacob Verheyden (on Solor), 1654-1655 * Cornelis Ockersz (on Solor, acting), 1655 * Hendrick ter Horst (on Solor until 1657), 1655-1659 * Joseph Margits, 1659-1660 * Johan Truytman (commissioner), 1660 * Hugo Cuylenburgh, 1660-1665 * Anthony Hurt, 1665-1667 * Jacob Pietersz van den Kerper, 1667-1670 * Jacob Lidema (acting), 1670-1672 * Jacob van Wijckersloot, 1672-1680 * Joannes van den Broeck, 1681-1683 * Willem Tange (acting) 1683-1684 * Jan van Heden 1684-1684 * Willem Tange, 1684-1685 * Gerrit Hoofd, 1685-1686 * Willem Moerman, 1686-1687 * Arend Verhoeven 1687 * Willem Moerman, 1687-1698 * François van den Eynde, 1698 * Willem Moerman, 1698-1699 * Joan Focanus, 1699-1702 * Joannes van Alphen, 1702-1706 * Didloff Blad, 1706-1712 * Reynier Leers, 1712-1714 * Isaac Marmer, 1714 * Leendert Grim (acting), 1714-1715 * Willem van Putten, 1715-1717 * Barend van der Swaan, 1717-1721 * Hendrick Engelert, 1721-1725 * Balthazar de Moucheron, 1725-1728 * Steven Palm (acting), 1728-1729 * Anthony Hurt, 1729-1730 * Gerardus Bernardus Visscher, 1730-1736 * Aart Jansz Peper, 1736-1739 * Pieter Jacob Blok, 1739 * Aart Jansz Peper, 1739-1740 * Jan Dinnies, 1740-1740 * Christiaan Fredrik Brandenburg (acting), 1740-1741 * Anthony Cornelis van Oldenbarnevelt (Tulling), 1741-1742 * Christiaan Fredrik Brandenburg (acting), 1742-1744 * Jan Anthony Meulenbeek, 1744-1746 * Gilles Jacob Helmmuts (acting), 1746-1747 * Johannes Steenwegh (acting), 1747-1747/48 * Daniel van der Burgh, 1748-1754 * Elias Jacob Beynon, 1754-1758 * Johannes Andreas Paravicini (commissioner), 1756 * Hans Albrecht von Plüskow, 1758-1761 * Johan Willem Erland Daniel ter Herbruggen, 1762-1765 * Bartholomeus van Voorst, 1765-1766 * Willem Adriaan van Este (acting), 1766-1767 * Alexander Cornabé, 1767-1772 * Barend Willem Fokkens, 1772-1777 * Willem Adriaan van Este, 1777-1789 * Timotheus Wanjon, 1789-1797 * Carel Gratus Greving, 1797-1799 * George Simon Gotthelft Doser (commissioner), 1799-1800 * Hans Andries Lofsteth (commissioner), 1800-1802 * Johannes Giesler, 1802-1803 * Frans Philip Christiaan Kurtzen (acting), 1803-1804 * Pieter Bernardus van Kruijne, 1804-1807 * Frans Philip Christiaan Kurtzen (acting), 1807 * Pieter Stopkerb, 1807-1810 * Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart, 1810-1812 * Cornelis Willem Knibbe (under British rule), 1812 * Watson (under British rule), 1812 * Joseph Burn (under British rule), 1812-1814 * Curtois (under British rule, acting), 1814 * Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart (under British rule until 1816), 1814–18 * M. Haleweijn (acting), 1818-1819 * Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart, 1819-1832 * Emanuel A. Francis (commissioner) 1831-32 * Johan Baptist Spanoghe, 1833-1835 * Carel Frederik Goldman, 1835-1836 * Diderik Johan van den Dungen Gronovius, 1836-1841 * Cornelis Sluyter, 1841-1844 * Siegfried George Friedrich Fraenkel, 1844-1845 * Cornelis Sluyter, 1845-1848 * Dirk Wouter Jacob Carel, Baron van Lynden, 1849-1852 * Frederik Marie Gerard van Cattenburch (acting), 1852 * Jhr. Theodoor van Capellen, 1852-1856 * Siegfried George Friedrich Fraenkel, 1856-1858 * Johannes Grudelbach, 1858-1859 * Willem Leendert Hendrik Brocx, 1859-1861 * Isaac Esser (acting), 1861-1863 * Roelof Wijnen, 1863-1864 * Jan George Coorengel, 1864-1869 * Johan Arnoud Caspersz, 1869-1872 * Jan Karel de Wit, 1872-1873 * Hendrik Carel Humme, 1873-1875 * Charles Matthieu George Arinus Marinus Ecoma Verstege, 1875-1878 * Johann Gerard Friedrich Riedel, 1878-1880 * Willem Fredrik Sikman, 1880-1881 * Salomon Roos, 1882-1884 * W. Greve, 1884-1888 * Guillaume Gérard de Villeneuve, 1888-1890 * Willem Cornelis Hoogkamer, 1890-1893 * Cornelis Marius Eduard Merens, 1893-1895 * J. L. J. A. Ruijssenaers, 1895 * J. van Wijck, 1896-1898 * Fokko Fokkens (acting), 1898-1899 * Johannes Vijzelaar, 1899-1902 * Frits Anton Heckler, 1902-1905 * Johannes Frederikus Antonius de Rooy, 1906-1908 * E. F. J. Loriaux, 1908-1911 * C. H. van Rieschoten, 1911-1913 * Ernst Gustav Theodoor Maier, 1913-1917 * K. A. James, 1917-1918 * Anthony Hendrik Spaan, 1918-1921 * A. J. L. Couvreur, 1921-1924 * C. Schultz 1924-1927 * Paulus Franciscus Josephus Karthaus, 1927-1931 * Eugene Henri de Nijs Bik, 1931-1934 * Johan Jacob Bosch, 1934-1938 * Fokko Jan Nieboer, 1938-1942 * Cornelis Woutherus Schüller, 1945-1948 * A. Verhoef, 1948-1949

References

{{Reflist Dutch colonial governors and administrators * * East Nusa Tenggara

List of ResidentsHans Hägerdal (2012), pp. 425-7; ''Regeeringsalmanak Nederlandsch Indië'', 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff 1800-1942 (various titles).

See also

References