This list of ancient Germanic peoples is an inventory of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groupings and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilisations in ancient times. The information comes from various ancient historical documents, beginning in the 2nd century BC and extending into

late antiquity Late antiquity is the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, generally spanning the 3rd–7th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin. The popularization of this periodization in English ha ...

. By the

Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...

, early forms of kingship began to have a historical impact across Europe, with the exception of

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...

, where the

Vendel Period In Swedish prehistory, the Vendel Period ( sv, Vendeltiden; 540–790 AD) appears between the Migration Period and the Viking Age. The name is taken from the rich boat inhumation cemetery at Vendel parish church, Uppland. This is a period wit ...

from AD 550 to 800 and the subsequent

Viking Age The Viking Age () was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. It followed the Migration Period and the Ger ...

until AD 1050 are still seen in the Germanic context. The associations and locations of the numerous peoples and groups in ancient sources are often subject to heavy uncertainty and speculation, and classifications of ethnicity regarding a common culture or a temporary alliance of heterogeneous groups are disputed. Sometimes, it is uncertain that the groups are Germanic in the broader linguistic sense or, in other words, they consisted of speakers of a Germanic language. In that respect, the names listed here are not terms for ethnic groups in any modern sense but the names of groups that were perceived in ancient and late antiquity as Germanic. It is essentially an inventory of peoples, groups, alliances and associations stretching from the

Barbaricum Barbaricum (from the gr, Βαρβαρικόν, "foreign", "barbarian") is a geographical name used by historical and archaeological experts to refer to the vast area of barbarian-occupied territory that lay, in Roman Empire, Roman times, beyond ...

region east of the

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...

to the north of the

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

(also known as

Germania Germania ( ; ), also called Magna Germania (English: ''Great Germania''), Germania Libera (English: ''Free Germania''), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a large historical region in north- ...

), especially those that arrived during the

Migration Period The Migration Period was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman ...

In alphabetical order

The present list is largely based on the list of Germanic tribal names and its spelling variants contained in the first register of the '' Reallexikons der Germanischen Altertumskunde''. The first column contains the English name and its variants, if one is common, otherwise the traditional ancient name. The second column contains ancient names of Latin and Greek authors, the latter both in transcription and in Greek. The third column gives a brief description followed by a location. The fifth column gives important sources of tradition for the group in question. The few ancient main sources for names and location of Germanic tribes are not linked. These are: *

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...

: ''

Commentarii de Bello Gallico ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'' (; en, Commentaries on the Gallic War, italic=yes), also ''Bellum Gallicum'' ( en, Gallic War, italic=yes), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative. In it Ca ...

'' *

Jordanes Jordanes (), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat widely believed to be of Goths, Gothic descent who became a historian later in life. Late in life he wrote two works, one on Roman history (''Romana ...

: ''De origine actibusque Getarum'', short ''

Getica ''De origine actibusque Getarum'' (''The Origin and Deeds of the Getae oths'), commonly abbreviated ''Getica'', written in Late Latin by Jordanes in or shortly after 551 AD, claims to be a summary of a voluminous account by Cassiodorus of th ...

'' *

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importanc ...

: ''

Geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and ...

'' *

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historiography, Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his t ...

: ''

Ancestors

Proto-Indo-Europeans The Proto-Indo-Europeans are a hypothetical prehistoric population of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancestor of the Indo-European languages according to linguistic reconstruction. Knowledge of them comes chiefly from t ...

(

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-E ...

speakers) ** Proto-Germanics (

Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branc ...

speakers)

Possible ethnolinguistic kinship

East Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. Since the 19th century, they have traditionally been defined by the use of ancient and ear ...
( Vandilians)

Avarpi The Avarpi or Auarpoi or Avarni were Germanic tribe attested in Ptolemy's Geography. The attested Greek is Auarpoi. Avarpi is a scholarly transliteration into Latin, with some using Avarni on the assumption that the name refers to the Varni of Meck ...

Burgundians The Burgundians ( la, Burgundes, Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; on, Burgundar; ang, Burgendas; grc-gre, Βούργουνδοι) were an early Germanic tribe or group of tribes. They appeared in the middle Rhine region, near the Roman Empire, and ...

Burgundiones The Burgundians ( la, Burgundes, Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; on, Burgundar; ang, Burgendas; grc-gre, Βούργουνδοι) were an early Germanic tribe or group of tribes. They appeared in the middle Rhine region, near the Roman Empire, and ...

/ Burgundes / Burgodiones ( Frugundiones? may have been a variant of

with the "B" as an "F" Furgundiones > Frugundiones) ( Urugundes? may have been a variant of Burgundes without the initial "B" (B)urugundes > Urugundes, i.e. the

) (at the time of the

and

Decline of the Roman Empire The fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome) was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vas ...

, they founded the Burgundian Kingdom) (

or part of them may have dwelt in

Bornholm Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...

island for a time - old name of the island was ''Borgundarholm'') (they were assimilated by the Gallo-Roman majority, however their

ethnonym An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used ...

was the origin for the name of the region

Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The c ...

- ''

Bourgogne Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The c ...

''):

Nibelungs The term Nibelung (German) or Niflungr (Old Norse) is a personal or clan name with several competing and contradictory uses in Germanic heroic legend. It has an unclear etymology, but is often connected to the root ''nebel'', meaning mist. The te ...

( Old German) /

Niflung The term Nibelung (German language, German) or Niflungr (Old Norse) is a personal or clan name with several competing and contradictory uses in Germanic heroic legend. It has an unclear etymology, but is often connected to the root ''nebel'', mea ...

(

Old Norse Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and t ...

), clan that was the Burgundian royal house known as

Gibichungs The following is a list of the kings of the two kingdoms of Burgundy, and a number of related political entities devolving from Carolingian machinations over family relations. Kings of the Burgundians * Gebicca (late 4th century – c. 407 ...

( Old German) or Gjúkings (

) *

Goths The Goths ( got, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, translit=''Gutþiuda''; la, Gothi, grc-gre, Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe ...

Gothones The Gutones (also spelled Guthones, Gotones etc) were a Germanic people who were reported by Roman era writers in the 1st and 2nd centuries to have lived in what is now Poland. The most accurate description of their location, by the geographer Ptol ...

/ Gutones / Gautae /

Geats The Geats ( ; ang, gēatas ; non, gautar ; sv, götar ), sometimes called ''Goths'', were a large North Germanic tribe who inhabited ("land of the Geats") in modern southern Sweden from antiquity until the late Middle Ages. They are one of th ...

Gepids The Gepids, ( la, Gepidae, Gipedae, grc, Γήπαιδες) were an East Germanic tribe who lived in the area of modern Romania, Hungary and Serbia, roughly between the Tisza, Sava and Carpathian Mountains. They were said to share the religion a ...

Hreidgoths Reidgotaland, Reidgothland, Reidgotland, Hreidgotaland or Hreiðgotaland was a land mentioned in Germanic heroic legend (mentioned in the Scandinavian sagas as well as the Anglo-Saxon Widsith) usually interpreted as the land of the Goths. Etymol ...

*** Gothi Minores *** Greuthungi (direct ancestors or an older name of the

Ostrogoths The Ostrogoths ( la, Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were a Roman-era Germanic peoples, Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Goths, Gothic kingdoms within the Roman Empire, based upon the larg ...

) ****

Hreiðgoths Reidgotaland, Reidgothland, Reidgotland, Hreidgotaland or Hreiðgotaland was a land mentioned in Germanic heroic legend (mentioned in the Scandinavian sagas as well as the Anglo-Saxon Widsith) usually interpreted as the land of the Goths. Etymol ...

(at the time of the

and

, they founded the Ostrogothic Kingdom in

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory that is now wes ...

, northern

Illyria In classical antiquity, Illyria (; grc, Ἰλλυρία, ''Illyría'' or , ''Illyrís''; la, Illyria, ''Illyricum'') was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by numerous tribes of people collectively known as the Illyr ...

and

Italia Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

) (they were assimilated by the Italo-Roman majority) ***** Crimean Goths (existed as a people until 16th and 17th centuries in southern

Crimea Peninsula Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a po ...

or Taurida Peninsula) (they were later assimilated by Crimea Germans, Black Sea Germans,

Crimean Greeks Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been Russian occupation of Crimea, occupied by Ru ...

and Crimean Tatars) *** Thervingi (direct ancestors or an older name of the

Visigoths The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is ...

) ****

(at the time of the

and

, they founded the

Visigothic Kingdom The Visigothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of the Goths ( la, Regnum Gothorum), was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic peoples, Germanic su ...

in Southern

Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...

and

Hispania Hispania ( la, Hispānia , ; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania ...

) (they were assimilated by the

Hispano-Roman Hispania ( la, Hispānia , ; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania ...

majority) *

Herules The Heruli (or Herules) were an early Germanic peoples, Germanic people. Possibly originating in Scandinavia, the Heruli are first mentioned by Ancient Rome, Roman authors as one of several "Scythians, Scythian" groups raiding Roman provinces in t ...

, East Germanic (East Germanic

) **East

**West

Lemovii The Lemovii were a Germanic tribe, only once named by Tacitus in the late 1st century. He noted that they lived near the Rugii and Goths and that they had short swords and round shields.The Works of Tacitus: The Oxford Translation, Revised, With ...

Turcilingi The Turcilingi (also spelled Torcilingi or Thorcilingi) were an obscure barbarian people, or possibly a clan or dynasty, who appear in historical sources relating to Middle Danubian peoples who were present in Italy during the reign of Romulus Aug ...

?) (also probably identical with

Widsith "Widsith" ( ang, Wīdsīþ, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the ''Exeter Book'', a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th c ...

's Glommas, Glomma or Glomman was the singular form) * Lugians ( Longiones?) (=

Vandals The Vandals were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland. They established Vandal Kingdom, Vandal kingdoms on the Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean islands, and North Africa in the fifth century. The ...

?) ** Buri (

Lugi Buri The Buri were a Germanic tribe mentioned in the '' Germania'' of Tacitus, where they initially "close the back" of the Marcomanni and Quadi of Bohemia and Moravia. It is said that their speech and customs were like those of the Suebi. Such a s ...

) (part of the Buri accompanied the

Suebi The Suebi (or Suebians, also spelled Suevi, Suavi) were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic. In the early Roman era they included many peoples with their own names ...

in their invasion of

, the

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...

, and established themselves in a mountainous area of modern

northern Portugal The North Region ( pt, Região do Norte ) or Northern Portugal is the most populous region in Portugal, ahead of Lisbon, and the third most extensive by area. The region has 3,576,205 inhabitants according to the 2017 census, and its area is with ...

in the 5th century. They settled in the region between the rivers Cávado and Homem, in the area known as Terras de Bouro (Lands of the Buri) - ''Bouros'' = '' Buri'' - ''

Buros Buros (; oc, Buròs) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in la nouvelle Aquitaine southwestern France. See also Masonpro9 *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 546 communes of ...

'' in the masculine

accusative The accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: 'me,' 'him,' 'her,' 'us,' and ‘the ...

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

declension In linguistics, declension (verb: ''to decline'') is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. Declensions may apply to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and ar ...

) **

Diduni The Diduni or Dunii were a Germanic tribe mentioned only by the 2nd century geographer Claudius Ptolemy. They apparently dwelt near the Asciburgius mountains which correspond to the north central parts of Sudetes in western-southern Poland. Ac ...

( Lugi Diduni) / Dunii / Duni (Δοῦνοι - Doūnoi was the Greek variant of the Latin name) **

Harii The Harii (West Germanic "warriors"Simek (2007:132).) were, according to 1st century CE Roman historian Tacitus, a Germanic people. In his work ''Germania'', Tacitus describes them as using black shields and painting their bodies ("nigra scuta, tinc ...

Helisii The Helisii were one of the tribal states of the Lugii, a Germanic tribe. They were attested by the Roman historian Tacitus (''Germania'' 43:3); this brief reference is the only mention of them as such in history. Ancient sources consider the borde ...

/ Elysii / Helusii / Hellusii **

Manimi The Manimi were a Germanic tribe. They were mentioned by Tacitus, in his ethnographic book Germania, where he stated that the Manimi were one of the five most powerful tribes of the Lugii. They lived between the Oder and the Vistula. The Manimi h ...

/ Omani? / Omanii? (

Lugi Omani The Lugi were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150. from his general description and the approximate locations of their neighbors their territory was along the western coast of the ...

?) (the Omani may have been the same as the

) **

Marsigni This list of ancient Germanic peoples is an inventory of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groupings and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilisations in ancient times. The information comes from various ancient historical documents, beginn ...

/ Vandilii (at the time of the

and

, they migrated towards West allied with a Sarmatian

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

people, the Alans, and founded the Vandalic Kingdom first in the Southern and Western regions of

, the

Hasdingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is n ...

Vandals, settled in Gallaecia, the

Silingi The Silings or Silingi ( la, Silingae; grc, Σιλίγγαι – ) were a Germanic tribe, part of the larger Vandal group. The Silingi at one point lived in Silesia, and the names ''Silesia'' and ''Silingi'' may be related.Jerzy Strzelczyk, "Wand ...

vandals settled in Baetica, roughly today's

Andalusia Andalusia (, ; es, Andalucía ) is the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a ...

; sometime after many left

, and migrated to

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

) (they were assimilated by the

majority in

, however their

was the origin for the name of the region

- (V)andalusia and for the

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

name of

and the

Al-Andalus Al-Andalus DIN 31635, translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label=Berber languages, Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, ...

) (they were assimilated by the

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–196 ...

majority and African-Romans in

, including the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

, in the narrow sense, the descendants of the Mauri) *** Asdingi /

Astingi The Hasdingi were one of the Vandal peoples of the Roman era. The Vandals were Germanic peoples, who are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language, and were first reported during the first centuries of the Roman empire in the area which is n ...

(

Haddingjar The Haddingjar (Old Norse: ) refers on the one hand to Germanic heroic legends about two brothers by this name, and on the other hand to possibly related legends based on the Hasdingi, the royal dynasty of the Vandals. The accounts vary greatly. ...

?) ***

Helvecones The Helveconae, or Helvaeonae, or Helvecones, or Aelvaeones, or Ailouaiones were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Roman authors. They are possibly connected to the Hilleviones of Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder. The Helveconae as such (manuscript ...

/ Helveconae /

Aelvaeones The Helveconae, or Helvaeonae, or Helvecones, or Aelvaeones, or Ailouaiones were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Roman authors. They are possibly connected to the Hilleviones of Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder. The Helveconae as such (manuscript ...

Elouaiones The Helveconae, or Helvaeonae, or Helvecones, or Aelvaeones, or Ailouaiones were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Roman authors. They are possibly connected to the Hilleviones of Naturalis Historia by Pliny the Elder. The Helveconae as such (manuscript ...

(possibly the Ilwan and Eolas of

; ''Eolas'' was the nominative plural and ''Eolum'' the dative plural) *** Lacringes /

Lacringi The Lacringi were an ancient Germanic tribe who participated in the Marcomannic Wars during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. After the tribes' initial crossing of the Danube was pushed back, their Vandal allies, the Astingi staged another inc ...

*** Nahanarvali ***

(same as the Nahanarvali?) (at one point they lived in

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

, and the name of this region could be derived from their

as well as, although indirectly,

- (V)andal-usia, where

Vandals initially settled in

) ***

Victohali The Victohali were a people of Late Antiquity who lived north of the Lower Danube. In Greek their name is ''Biktoa'' or ''Biktoloi''. They were possibly a Germanic people, and it has been suggested that they were one of the tribes of the Vandals. T ...

Victuali The Victohali were a people of Late Antiquity who lived north of the Lower Danube. In Greek their name is ''Biktoa'' or ''Biktoloi''. They were possibly a Germanic people, and it has been suggested that they were one of the tribes of the Vandals. T ...

/ Victabali * Rugi /

Rugii The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his ''Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Som ...

/ /

Ulmerugi The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic peoples, Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his ''Germania (book), Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the ...

/ Variant

name for the Rugians: Rugiclei? / Greek names and variants for the Rugians: Rougíklioi / Routiklioi *

Sciri The Sciri, or Scirians, were a Germanic people. They are believed to have spoken an East Germanic language. Their name probably means "the pure ones". The Sciri were mentioned already in the late 3rd century BC as participants in a raid on the ...

** Angisciri * Sulones (may have been the same as the

) *

/ Torcolingi (may have been ancestors of part of the Thuringians) *

Vidivarii The Vidivarii are described by Jordanes in his Getica as a melting pot of tribes who in the mid-6th century lived at the lower Vistula:Mayke de Jong, Frans Theuws, Carine van Rhijn, ''Topographies of Power in the Early Middle Ages'', BRILL, 2001, p. ...

* Visburgi / Visburgii

North Germanic peoples North Germanic peoples, commonly called Scandinavians, Nordic peoples and in a medieval context Norsemen, were a Germanic peoples, Germanic linguistic group originating from the Scandinavian Peninsula. They are identified by their cultural simila ...
(
Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic ethnolinguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the pre ...
)

*East North Germanic (East Scandinavians) **

Ahelmil Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

** Aviones / Chaibones / Eowan (more probably they lived in

Öland Öland (, ; ; sometimes written ''Øland'' in other Scandinavian languages, and often ''Oland'' internationally; la, Oelandia) is the second-largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. Öland has an area ...

island, southeastern

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

, and not in

Jutland Jutland ( da, Jylland ; german: Jütland ; ang, Ēota land ), known anciently as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula ( la, Cimbricus Chersonesus; da, den Kimbriske Halvø, links=no or ; german: Kimbrische Halbinsel, links=no), is a peninsula of ...

Peninsula) **

Bergio Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

** Brondingas / Brondingar (

Brondings The Brondings were a Germanic tribe. They and Breca the Bronding are mentioned in ''Beowulf'' (Th. 1047; B. 521.), as Beowulf's childhood friend, and in ''Widsith'' (Scóp Th. 51; Wíd. 25.), where Breca is the lord of the Brondings. They were proba ...

) (East North Germanic tribe that lived in the island of

Brännö Brännö is an island in the Southern Göteborg Archipelago and a locality situated in Göteborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 708 inhabitants in 2010 and belongs to the parish of Styrsö within Gothenburg Municipality. H ...

, west of

Gothenburg Gothenburg (; abbreviated Gbg; sv, Göteborg ) is the second-largest city in Sweden, fifth-largest in the Nordic countries, and capital of the Västra Götaland County. It is situated by the Kattegat, on the west coast of Sweden, and has ...

in the

Kattegatt The Kattegat (; sv, Kattegatt ) is a sea area bounded by the Jutlandic peninsula in the west, the Danish Straits islands of Denmark and the Baltic Sea to the south and the provinces of Bohuslän, Västergötland, Halland and Skåne in Sweden i ...

) **

Danes Danes ( da, danskere, ) are a North Germanic ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. Danes generally regard t ...

(Germanic tribe):

Scyldingas Old English Scylding (plural Scyldingas) and Old Norse Skjǫldung (plural Skjǫldungar), meaning in both languages "children of Scyld/Skjǫldr" are the members of a legendary royal family of Danes, especially kings. The name is explained in many ...

( Skjöldungar) clan **

Dauciones The Daukiones (Greek) or Dauciones (Latinization) were a Germanic tribe mentioned by Ptolemy (2.10) as living in Scandia, i.e. Scandinavia. Ptolemy's view of the north is so distorted that his names require some decoding to locate them, nor can tha ...

Eunixi Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

Evagreotingis Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

/ Evagres ** Favonae **

Fervir Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

(in Fyæræ) **

Finnaithae Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

(old name for

Finnveden Finnveden or Finnheden is one of the ancient ''small lands'' of Småland. It corresponded to the hundreds of Sunnerbo Hundred, Östbo Hundred and Västbo Hundred. Finnveden had its own judicial system and laws, as did the other ''small lands''. Fi ...

, the name derives from an old Germanic word for hunters - ''finn'', they were not necessarily Finnic or

Saami The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components. SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several Americ ...

) (they lived in

, Western

Småland Småland () is a historical province () in southern Sweden. Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means ''Small Lands''. The Latinized fo ...

) **

Firaesi The Firaesi (Latinization) or Phiraisoi (original Greek) are a people listed in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' (2.10). Ptolemy’s view of the region is not very precise, but he places them on the east side of what he believed to be an island, Scandia. ...

/ Phiraisoi ** Gevlegas / Gevlegar ( Gefflegas / Gevlegs) (East North Germanic tribe that dwelt in today's

Gävleborg County Gävleborg County ( sv, Gävleborgs län) is a county or '' län'' on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders the counties of Uppsala, Västmanland, Dalarna, Jämtland and Västernorrland. The capital is Gävle. Provinces Gävleborg Cou ...

) **

, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Goths) ***

Gautigoths Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Gautigoths) / Gautae *** Ostrogothae, Scandinavian (Scandinavian Ostrogoths): ''

Wulfings The Wulfings, Wylfings or YlfingsWord initial ''w'' was lost before rounded vowels in Proto-Norse, e.g. ''wulf'' corresponds to ''ulf'', and ''Wulfing''/''Wylfing'' corresponds to ''Ylfing'', because the ''i'' in the second syllable causes an umla ...

'' / ''

Ylfings The Wulfings, Wylfings or YlfingsWord initial ''w'' was lost before rounded vowels in Proto-Norse, e.g. ''wulf'' corresponds to ''ulf'', and ''Wulfing''/''Wylfing'' corresponds to ''Ylfing'', because the ''i'' in the second syllable causes an umla ...

'' clan ***

Gutes The Gutes (old west norse ''Gotar'', old gutnish ''Gutar'') were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting the island of Gotland. The ethnonym is related to that of the ''Goths'' (''Gutans''), and both names were originally Proto-Germanic *''Gutaniz''. ...

/ Gotlanders / Vagoths /

Valagoths The Frankish Table of Nations (german: fränkische Völkertafel) is a brief early medieval genealogical text in Latin giving the supposed relationship between thirteen nations descended from three brothers. The nations are the Ostrogoths, Visigot ...

Hallin Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

/ Hilleviones? (possibly they lived in Halland and were the same as the tribe called

) ** Hälsingas / Hälsingar ( Hälsings) (East North Germanic tribe that lived in

Hälsingland Hälsingland (), sometimes referred to as Helsingia in English, is a historical province or ''landskap'' in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of the land of Norrland. Ad ...

) **

, Scandinavian (Scandinavian

/ Erules) ** Hocings (tribe or clan of Hnæf, son of ''Hoc Healfdene'' - Hoc, the Half Dane, mentioned by

, may have been the same chieftain known as Haki by the

Norsemen The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic ethnolinguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language. The language belongs to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages and is the pre ...

, mentioned in the

Ynglinga Saga ''Ynglinga saga'' ( ) is a Kings' saga, originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson about 1225. It is the first section of his ''Heimskringla''. It was first translated into English and published in 1844 ...

) ** Levoni / Levonii **

Liothida Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

**Mixi **

Njars Njarar or Njars were an ancient Germanic people of Närke, Sweden, that appears in the Scandinavian version of the Lay of Weyland the smith. In the early part of the lay, King Níðuðr is introduced as a king in Sweden: Later he is specified a ...

** Otingis **

Sitones The Sitones were a Germanic people living somewhere in Northern Europe in the first century CE. They are mentioned only by Cornelius Tacitus in 97 CE in Germania. Tacitus considered them similar to Suiones (ancestors of modern Swedes) apart from ...

** Suðrmenn (in

Södermanland Södermanland ( or ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latin form ''Sudermannia'' or ''Sudermania'', is a historical province or ''landskap'' on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Östergötland, Närke, Västmanla ...

) ** Suiones / Sviones /

Suehans The Swedes ( sv, svear; Old Norse: ''svíar'') (probably from the PIE reflexive pronominal root * s(w)e, "one's own ribesmen/kinsmen;Bandle, Oskar. 2002. The Nordic languages: an international handbook of the history of the North Germanic lang ...

/ Suetidi / Suetides (ancient

Swedes Swedes ( sv, svenskar) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to the Nordic region, primarily their nation state of Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countr ...

) (

Svíar The Swedes ( sv, svear; Old Norse: ''svíar'') (probably from the PIE reflexive pronominal root * s(w)e, "one's own ribesmen/kinsmen;Bandle, Oskar. 2002. The Nordic languages: an international handbook of the history of the North Germanic lang ...

Wægmunding The Wægmundings were a prominent probably Swedish clan (an ''ätt'', see Norse clans) in ''Beowulf''. A name such as ''Wægmunding'' meant "belongs to Wægmund", i.e. they were the descendants of a man named Wægmund. This was the normal way of n ...

clan;

Ynglings The Ynglings were a dynasty of kings, first in Sweden and later in Norway, primarily attested through the poem ''Ynglingatal''. The dynasty also appears as Scylfings (Old Norse ''Skilfingar'') in ''Beowulf''. When ''Beowulf'' and ''Ynglingatal'' ...

Scylfings The Ynglings were a dynasty of kings, first in Sweden and later in Norway, primarily attested through the poem ''Ynglingatal''. The dynasty also appears as Scylfings (Old Norse ''Skilfingar'') in ''Beowulf''. When ''Beowulf'' and ''Ynglingatal'' ...

clan ( Scylfingas / ''Skilfingar'') *** Västermännen (in

Västmanland Västmanland ( or ), is a historical Swedish province, or ''landskap'', in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland. Västmanland means "(The) Land of the Western Men", where the "western men" (''västerm ...

) ( Svionic tribe that lived to the west of

Uppland Uppland () is a historical province or ' on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. On the small uninhab ...

) (not to be confused with the

Vestmenn {{unreferenced, date=August 2016 Vestmenn (''Westmen'' in English) was the Old Norse word for the Gaels of Ireland and Britain, especially Ireland and Scotland. Vestmannaeyjar in Iceland and Vestmanna in the Faroe Islands take their names from it. T ...

word for the

Gaels The Gaels ( ; ga, Na Gaeil ; gd, Na Gàidheil ; gv, Ny Gaeil ) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in the British Isles. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic langu ...

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

and Britain) ** Virdar (in

) **

Theustes Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

** Vinili /

Winnili The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written ...

Vinoviloth Vinoviloth are one of the tribes in ''Scandza'' (Scandinavia) mentioned by Jordanes in '' De origine actibusque Getarum'' in the 6th century CE.Lombards The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and ...

or Longobards or Langobards):

Hundingas The Hundings (Old English: ''Hundingas'', the "hound-clan") are a legendary tribe or clan in early Germanic sources, mostly mentioned due to their feud with the Wulfings (the "wolf-clan"). History In the Poetic Edda, Hunding is a king of the Sax ...

Hundings The Hundings (Old English: ''Hundingas'', the "hound-clan") are a legendary tribe or Sippe, clan in early Germanic sources, mostly mentioned due to their feud with the Wulfings (the "wolf-clan"). History In the Poetic Edda, Hunding is a king of th ...

clan? **

Normans The Normans (Norman language, Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norsemen, Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Fran ...

- they were formed by the merger and assimilation of a North Germanic minority (that mainly came from

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

- East North Germanics, but also

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

, and

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

- West North Germanics) and

Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages * Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany * East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...

( West Germanic) minority with a Gallo-Roman majority,

ethnogenesis Ethnogenesis (; ) is "the formation and development of an ethnic group". This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification. The term ''ethnogenesis'' was originally a mid-19th century neologism that was later introdu ...

of the native people inhabiting

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

, in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

*West North Germanic (West Scandinavians) ** Adogit / Halogit / Háleygir (they lived in

Hålogaland Hålogaland was the northernmost of the Norway, Norwegian provinces in the medieval Norse sagas. In the early Viking Age, before Harald Fairhair, Hålogaland was a Monarchy, kingdom extending between the Namdalen valley in Trøndelag county and ...

) (northernmost Germanic tribe) ** Aprochi ** Arothi ("

Arochi The Charudes or Harudes were a Germanic group first mentioned by Julius Caesar as one of the tribes who had followed Ariovistus across the Rhine. While Tacitus' ''Germania'' makes no mention of them, Ptolemy's ''Geographia'' locates the Charudes ...

") ** Augandii / Augandzi ( Egðir) / Augandxii (in Agder, southern

) **

Chaedini The Chaedini (Latinized form) or Chaideinoi or Khaideinoi (Greek forms) were a Germanic people that are listed only in the Geography of Ptolemy. He locates them in the west of a large island, Scandia, off the mouth of the Vistula river. Most scholar ...

/ Chaedenoi (possibly in

Hedemark Hedmark () was a county in Norway before 1 January 2020, bordering Trøndelag to the north, Oppland to the west, Akershus to the south, and Sweden to the east. The county administration is in Hamar. Hedmark and Oppland counties were merged i ...

Hedmark Hedmark () was a county in Norway before 1 January 2020, bordering Trøndelag to the north, Oppland to the west, Akershus to the south, and Sweden to the east. The county administration is in Hamar. Hedmark and Oppland counties were merged i ...

) ** Doelir (possibly a tribe that lived inland, in the valleys of Dalen, Telemark, Tokke,

Telemark Telemark is a traditional region, a former county, and a current electoral district in southern Norway. In 2020, Telemark merged with the former county of Vestfold to form the county of Vestfold og Telemark. Telemark borders the traditional ...

, many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) ** Filir / Fjalir ** Firdir (tribe that lived in today's Sogn og Fjordane county, ''Firdafylke'' was one of two historic counties, many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) ** Granni / Grenir ** Haðar ** Háleygir ** Heinir / Heiðnir (Chaideinoi / Haednas) (in

) ** Horðar (in

Hordaland Hordaland () was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipal ...

, known before as ''Hordafylke'', many of the counties were based on older tribal lands or territories) (not originating from the Charudes/ Harudes in

) ** Hringar (name means "rings", from ''hring'' - "ring") ** Lidingar / Lidingas ** Jamtr / Jamtar ** Ragnaricii / Aeragnaricii **

Rani ''Rani'' in Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, sometimes spelled ''Ranee'', is a Hindu/Sanskrit feminine given name. The term is the female form of the term for princely rulers in South and Southeast Asia and applies equally to the wife of a ...

Ranii Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

/ Renir **

Raumarici Romerike is a traditional district located north-east of Oslo, in what is today south-eastern Norway. It consists of the Viken municipalities Lillestrøm, Lørenskog, Nittedal, Rælingen and Aurskog-Høland in the southern end (Nedre Romerike), ...

ae / Raumar (

Heatho-Reams Romerike is a traditional district located north-east of Oslo, in what is today south-eastern Norway. It consists of the Viken municipalities Lillestrøm, Lørenskog, Nittedal, Rælingen and Aurskog-Høland in the southern end (Nedre Romerike), a ...

) (they lived in today's Romerike) ** Rugi, Scandinavian ( Scandinavian Rugi) /

Rygir The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his '' Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. So ...

(

Holmrygir The Rugii, Rogi or Rugians ( grc, Ρογοί, Rogoi), were a Roman-era Germanic people. They were first clearly recorded by Tacitus, in his ''Germania'' who called them the ''Rugii'', and located them near the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Some ...

) **

Taetel Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work ''Getica''. The island was located in the Arctic regions of the sea that surrounded the world. The location is usually identified with Scandinavia. Jor ...

** Throwenas / Throwenar ( Throwens of

) (West North Germanic tribe that possibly dwelt in

Trøndelag Trøndelag (; sma, Trööndelage) is a county in the central part of Norway. It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ( no, Trondhjems Amt); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmar ...

) ** Wrosnas (mentioned by

as a tribe ruled by Holen, possibly from Holen) ** Old Faroese / Old Faroe Islanders (formed by the merger of several West North Germanic tribes with the addition of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language * Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Fo ...

that settled in the

Faroe islands The Faroe Islands ( ), or simply the Faroes ( fo, Føroyar ; da, Færøerne ), are a North Atlantic island group and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway bet ...

) ** Old Icelanders (formed by the merger of several West North Germanic tribes with the addition of

that settled in

) (they were organized in clans in the

Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262. With t ...

- Icelandic clans: Ásbirningar; Haukdælir; Oddaverjar; Sturlungar; Svínfellingar; Vatnsfirðingar) *** Greenland Norsemen (mainly descendants from Old Icelanders that settled in

Norse Greenland The Norse exploration of North America began in the late 10th century, when Norsemen explored areas of the North Atlantic colonizing Greenland and creating a short term settlement near the northern tip of Newfoundland. This is known now as L'Ans ...

) *

Vikings Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and se ...

(in the Western Europe) / Varangians (in the Eastern Europe) (generic word for warriors, marauders and traders of Scandinavian or Norse i.e. North Germanic origin that went to or returned from other lands regardless of the tribe, they were not a specific Norse tribe or a Norse ethnic group, their arising in History is called

) (they contributed to the formation of the Rus’ people and

Kievan Rus' Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas of ...

loose

federation A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governin ...

that was ruled by the Varangian

Rurik dynasty The Rurik dynasty ( be, Ру́рыкавічы, Rúrykavichy; russian: Рю́риковичи, Ryúrikovichi, ; uk, Рю́риковичі, Riúrykovychi, ; literally "sons/scions of Rurik"), also known as the Rurikid dynasty or Rurikids, was ...

) / Ascomanni (name for the

Adam of Bremen Adam of Bremen ( la, Adamus Bremensis; german: Adam von Bremen) (before 1050 – 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle ''Gesta ...

)

West Germanic peoples The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into t ...

Ancient Germania - New York, Harper and Brothers 1849

Impero romano sotto Ottaviano Augusto 30aC - 6dC

Image:Tribal Hidage 2.svg, 400px, alt=insert description of map here, Map 15: The tribes of the

Tribal Hidage Image:Tribal Hidage 2.svg, 400px, alt=insert description of map here, The tribes of the Tribal Hidage. Where an appropriate article exists, it can be found by clicking on the name. rect 275 75 375 100 w:Elmet rect 375 100 450 150 w:Hatfield Ch ...

. Where an appropriate article exists, it can be found by clicking on the name. rect 275 75 375 100 w:Elmet rect 375 100 450 150 w:Hatfield Chase rect 425 150 525 175 w:Kingdom of Lindsey rect 200 170 300 195 w:Pecsaetan rect 250 250 425 275 w:Mercia rect 475 300 550 315 Spalding rect 460 300 550 375 North & South Gyrwa rect 75 315 200 340 w:Wreocensæte rect 350 350 425 375 w:Sweordora rect 40 375 125 400 w:Magonsæte rect 575 375 700 400 w:Kingdom of East Anglia rect 185 400 275 425 w:Arosæte rect 410 450 460 475 w:River Ivel rect 410 475 460 500 w:Hitchin rect 175 500 225 550 w:Hwicce rect 250 475 360 525 w:Charlbury rect 365 525 425 575 w:Cilternsæte rect 430 530 575 565 w:Kingdom of Essex rect 520 650 675 675 w:Kingdom of Kent rect 150 675 295 700 w:Wessex rect 400 725 550 750 w:Kingdom of Sussex rect 285 775 375 800 w:Isle of Wight Kingdom of Mercia

* Elbe Germanics (

Herminones The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones ( grc, Ἑρμίονες), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia and Bohemia. Notably this ...

/ Hermiones /

Irminones The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones ( grc, Ἑρμίονες), were a large group of early Germanic tribes settling in the Elbe watershed and by the first century AD expanding into Bavaria, Swabia and Bohemia. Notably this ...

) ** Baemi- Baenochaemae *** Baemi / Baimoi *** Baenochaemae /

Banochaemae The 'Baenochaemae, Bainochaimai (Ancient Greek Βαινοχαῖμαι) were a Germanic people recorded only in the ''Geography'' of Claudius Ptolemy, who described them as living near the Elbe. The name is generally considered to be equivalent to ...

Bateinoi The Bateinoi or Batini were a Germanic tribe recorded by the Roman scholar Claudius Ptolemy. According to Ptolemy they were located "above" (normally north in Ptolemy) the Banochaemae tribe, who were settled near the upper Elbe, and "below" (presu ...

Calucones The Calucones were a Gallic or Rhaetian tribe dwelling around present-day Chur (eastern Switzerland) during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Calucones'' (var. ''Callucones'', ''Allucones'') by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''kaloúk ...

(ancient Germanic tribe, not to be confuse with the

, a

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian (the lowermost stage or earliest age ...

tribe) **

Caritni The Caritni, a Latinization, or the Karitnoi in the Greek of Ptolemy's ''Geography'' (2.10), were a Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Ptolemy generally in the region of west Bavaria. Little else is known about them. See also *List of G ...

/ Carini **

Chatti The Chatti (also Chatthi or Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe whose homeland was near the upper Weser (''Visurgis''). They lived in central and northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, along the upper reaches of that river and in the valle ...

- Mattiaci (originally they were an Elbe Germanic people later assimilated by the

Istvaeones The Istaevones (also spelled Istvaeones) were a Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire which reportedly shared a common culture and origin. The Istaevones were contrasted to neighbouring groups, the In ...

or Wesser-Rhine peoples, it was by the merger of the

tribes with the

and related tribes that the

Franks The Franks ( la, Franci or ) were a group of Germanic peoples whose name was first mentioned in 3rd-century Roman sources, and associated with tribes between the Lower Rhine and the Ems River, on the edge of the Roman Empire.H. Schutz: Tools, ...

were formed) ***

Hatti Hatti may refer to *Hatti (; Assyrian ) in Bronze Age Anatolia: **the area of Hattusa, roughly delimited by the Halys bend **the Hattians of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC **the Hittites of ''ca'' 1400–1200 BC **the areas to the west of the Euphrat ...

(their

may have originated the name

Hesse Hesse (, , ) or Hessia (, ; german: Hessen ), officially the State of Hessen (german: links=no, Land Hessen), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt. Two other major histor ...

by phonetic change over time) *** Mattiaci *** Batavi-

Cananefates The Cananefates, or Canninefates, Caninefates, or Canenefatae, meaning "leek masters", were a Germanic tribe, who lived in the Rhine delta, in western Batavia (later Betuwe), in the Roman province of ''Germania Inferior'' (now in the Dutch provi ...

**** Batavi ****

Canninefates The Cananefates, or Canninefates, Caninefates, or Canenefatae, meaning " leek masters", were a Germanic tribe, who lived in the Rhine delta, in western Batavia (later Betuwe), in the Roman province of ''Germania Inferior'' (now in the Dutch prov ...

** Chasuarii / Hasuarii (closely related or not to the

) **

Chattuarii The Chattuarii, also spelled Attoarii, were a Germanic tribe of the Franks. They lived originally north of the Rhine in the area of the modern border between Germany and the Netherlands, but then moved southwards in the 4th century, as a Frankis ...

/ Attoarii / Hattuarii /

Hetware The Chattuarii, also spelled Attoarii, were a Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe of the Franks. They lived originally north of the Rhine in the area of the modern border between Germany and the Netherlands, but then moved southwards in the 4th cent ...

(possibly mentioned in

Beowulf ''Beowulf'' (; ang, Bēowulf ) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature. The ...

as ''Hetwaras'') (they lived in Hettergouw or Hetter gouw) (closely related or not to the

) ** Chatvores **

Cherusci The Cherusci were a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of the plains and forests of northwestern Germany in the area of the Weser River and present-day Hanover during the first centuries BC and AD. Roman sources reported they considered themsel ...

(some were assimilated by the Mainland

Saxons The Saxons ( la, Saxones, german: Sachsen, ang, Seaxan, osx, Sahson, nds, Sassen, nl, Saksen) were a group of Germanic * * * * peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, la, Saxonia) near the Nor ...

to the north) **

Fosi The Fosi were a Germanic tribe. Tacitus, in his ''Germania'' mentions them as being neighbours of the Cherusci, and they suffered alongside the Cherusci in their downfall. He also noted that before their mutual downfall, the Fosi were less prospe ...

** Marvingi / Marouingoi **

Suebes The Suebi (or Suebians, also spelled Suevi, Suavi) were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic. In the early Roman era they included many peoples with their own names ...

Alemanni The Alemanni or Alamanni, were a confederation of Germanic tribes * * * on the Upper Rhine River. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Caracalla of 213, the Alemanni captured the in 260, and later expanded into pres ...

(synonymous with the

in the broad sense) (large tribal confederation) ***

Brisgavi The Brisigavi or Brisgavi were a Germanic tribe dwelling in the southern region of the Black Forest, in south Germany, during the 5th century AD. Name They are mentioned as ''Brisigaui'' (''seniores'' and ''iuniores'') on the ''Notitia Dignitat ...

***

Bucinobantes The Bucinobantes (German: ''Bucinobanten'') were an Alemannic tribe in the region of the modern city of Mainz on the river Main. The Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus wrote that Caesar Julian crossed the river Rhine near Mainz in 359 for nego ...

*** Butones / Boutones ***

Corconti The Corconti or Korkontoi were an ancient people, named as Germanic, in (2.10) of the ''Geography'' of Ptolemy (after 83 – 161 AD). They resided in the vicinity of Asciburgius Mountain near the Elbe river. Asciburgius was on the edge of the mod ...

***

Hermunduri The Hermunduri, Hermanduri, Hermunduli, Hermonduri, or Hermonduli were an ancient Germanic tribe, who occupied an inland area near the source of the Elbe river, around what is now Bohemia from the first to the third century, though they have also ...

****

Armalausi The Armalausi (or Armilausini) were an obscure Germanic tribe of late antiquity. Their name means "those who wear the ''armilausa''", a type of shirt open at the front and back but connected at the shoulders.Agustí Alemany, ''Sources on the Alans: ...

**** Campi (tribe on the river Cham or

Chamb The Chamb (german: Chamb; cs, Kouba) is a river in the Czech Republic and in Germany. It is a right tributary of the Regen (river), Regen. The Chamb begins south of the Czech village of Kdyně, and flows some westward, crossing into Germany a ...

, tributary of the Regen, close to Cham city) *****

Adrabaecampi Adrabaecampi is the scholarly transliteration into Latin of Ptolemy, Ptolemy's Adrabaikampoi, a tribe, he says, of greater Germany, dwelling on the north bank of the Danube south of the Gabreta Forest after the Marcomanni and Sudini. Early German ...

/ Campi ***** Parmaecampi **** Curiones **** Danduti ****

Vangiones The Vangiones appear first in history as an ancient Germanic tribe of unknown provenance. They threw in their lot with Ariovistus in his bid of 58 BC to invade Gaul through the Doubs river valley and lost to Julius Caesar in a battle probably near ...

/ Vargiones / Woingas (of

) **** Thuringians (

Thuringii The Thuringii, Toringi or Teuriochaimai, were an early Germanic people that appeared during the late Migration Period in the Harz Mountains of central Germania, a region still known today as Thuringia. It became a kingdom, which came into confl ...

Toringi The Thuringii, Toringi or Teuriochaimai, were an early Germanic people that appeared during the late Migration Period in the Harz Mountains of central Germania, a region still known today as Thuringia. It became a kingdom, which came into confl ...

) (formed by the merging of

tribes, a tribal

confederation A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign groups or states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issu ...

part of the

Elbe Germanic peoples The Elbe Germans (german: Elbgermanen) or Elbe Germanic peoples were Germanic tribes whose settlement area, based on archaeological finds, lay either side of the Elbe estuary on both sides of the river and which extended as far as Bohemia and Mo ...

) (some

or Torcolingi were assimilated to the Thuringians) (some Thuringians joined the Longobardian migration towards south) ***** Graffelti (a late Thuringian tribe that lived in

Grabfeld The Grabfeld is a region in Germany, on the border between Bavaria and Thuringia. It is situated southeast of the Rhön Mountains. Its highest elevation is 679 metres high in the little Gleichberge mountain range. The Grabfeld gave its name to t ...

) ***

Lentienses The Lentienses (German ''Lentienser'') were a 4th-century Germanic tribe associated with the Alemanni, in the region between the river Danube in the North, the river Iller in the East, and Lake Constance in the South, in what is now southern Germany ...

***

Lombards The Lombards () or Langobards ( la, Langobardi) were a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written between 787 and ...

/ Langobards / Longobards ( Vinili) ( Elbe Germanic Lombards) (they lived in

Lüneburg Heath Lüneburg Heath (german: Lüneburger Heide) is a large area of heath, geest, and woodland in the northeastern part of the state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany. It forms part of the hinterland for the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen a ...

) (at the time of the

and

, they founded the

Lombard Kingdom The Kingdom of the Lombards ( la, Regnum Langobardorum; it, Regno dei Longobardi; lmo, Regn di Lombard) also known as the Lombard Kingdom; later the Kingdom of (all) Italy ( la, Regnum totius Italiae), was an early medieval state established ...

) (they were assimilated by the Italo-Roman majority, however their

was the origin for name of the region

Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...

- '' Lombardia'') ****

Bardes ''Bardez'' ( kok, Bardes; pt, Bardes; IPA: ) is a ''taluka'' of the North Goa district in the Indian state of Goa. It was a ''concelho'' in the Portuguese State of India before 1961. Etymology The name is credited to the Saraswat Brahmin ...

****

Heaðobards The Heaðobards (Old English: ''Heaðubeardan'', Old Low German: ''Headubarden'', "war-beards") were possibly a branch of the Langobards, and their name may be preserved in toponym Bardengau, in Lower Saxony, Germany. They are mentioned in both '' ...

/ Hadubardes / Heaðubeardan ( Headubarden) ***

Marcomanni The Marcomanni were a Germanic people * * * that established a powerful kingdom north of the Danube, somewhere near modern Bohemia, during the peak of power of the nearby Roman Empire. According to Tacitus and Strabo, they were Suebian. Origin ...

**** Baiuvarii (

Bavarians Bavarians ( Bavarian: ''Boarn'', Standard German: ''Baiern'') are an ethnographic group of Germans of the Bavaria region, a state within Germany. The group's dialect or speech is known as the Bavarian language, native to Altbayern ("Old Bava ...

) *** Mugilones *** Nertereanes ***

Quadi The Quadi were a Germanic * * * people who lived approximately in the area of modern Moravia in the time of the Roman Empire. The only surviving contemporary reports about the Germanic tribe are those of the Romans, whose empire had its bord ...

/ Coldui / Danube Suebi ****Old

Swabians Swabians (german: Schwaben, singular ''Schwabe'') are a Germanic people who are native to the ethnocultural and linguistic region of Swabia, which is now mostly divided between the modern states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in southwestern ...

( Danube Suebi that migrated westward) (they had a close relation with the Upper Rhine Alemanni and were descendants from common ancestors but they migrated in an East towards West migration route through the

from what is today's

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The me ...

and from there from the

Elbe The Elbe (; cs, Labe ; nds, Ilv or ''Elv''; Upper and dsb, Łobjo) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Giant Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (western half of the Czech Repu ...

basin in even older times, until they settled in

Swabia Swabia ; german: Schwaben , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of ...

) (ancestors of

Swabian German Swabian (german: Schwäbisch ) is one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia, which is located in central and southeastern Baden-Württemberg (including its capita ...

speakers) **** Suebi, Gallaecian ( Gallaecian Suebi) (at the time of the

and

, they founded the Kingdom of the Suebi in Gallaecia, Northwestern

, roughly in today's Galicia,

North Portugal The North Region ( pt, Região do Norte ) or Northern Portugal is the most populous region in Portugal, ahead of Lisbon, and the third most extensive by area. The region has 3,576,205 inhabitants according to the 2017 census, and its area is with ...

and North

Central Portugal The Central Region ( pt, Região do Centro, ) or Central Portugal is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Caldas da Rainha, Leiria, Castelo Branco, ...

, Asturias and León) (''Suevos'') *** Racatriae / Racatae ***

Raetovari The Raetovari (or Raetobari, , ) were an Alamannic tribe in the region of the Nördlinger Ries in the west of the German state of Bavaria. They were mentioned by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus Ammianus Marcellinus (occasionally angl ...

*** Scotingi *** Sedusii (a Germanic tribe that dwelled across the eastern region of the

river and was part of the

c tribal confederation, mentioned by

) ***

Semnones The Semnones were a Germanic and specifically a Suevian people, who were settled between the Elbe and the Oder in the 1st century when they were described by Tacitus in ''Germania'': "The Semnones give themselves out to be the most ancient and r ...

****

Iuthungi The Juthungi (Greek: ''Iouthungoi'', Latin: ''Iuthungi'') were a Germanic tribe in the region north of the rivers Danube and Altmühl in what is now the modern German state of Bavaria. The tribe was mentioned by the Roman historians Publius Heren ...

/ Juthungi (descendants of the

) *** Sibini *** Sidini ***

Suarines The Suarines or Suardones were one of the Nerthus-worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in '' Germania''. They have otherwise been lost to history, but Schütte suggests that their name lives on in the name of the town Schwerin. Literar ...

/ Suardones (they may have lived in

Schwerin Schwerin (; Mecklenburgisch dialect, Mecklenburgian Low German: ''Swerin''; Latin: ''Suerina'', ''Suerinum'') is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Germany, second-largest city of the northeastern States of Germany, German ...

region) ***Suebi, Suebi Nicrenses / Suebi, Suebi, Neckar (Suebi, Neckar Suebi) / Nictrenses / Alemanni, Upper Alemanni ( Upper Rhine Alemanni, ancestors of Alemannic German speakers -

in the narrow sense) (they had a close relation with the Swabians, Old Swabians and were descendants from common ancestors but they migrated in a direct North towards South migration route from the

basin until they settled in Alemannia or Alamannia and Eastern Upper Burgundy, roughly in today's Western and Western Central Baden-Wurtenberg - Neckar River, Neckar river basin, Baden, Alsace, Lake Constance - Bodensee region, and Central Switzerland): Ahalolfings or Alaholfings ***Sudini ***Teuriochaemae / Teuriochaimai ***Triboci ***Varisti / Varisci / Narisci / Naristi ***Victophalians / Victofalians / Victophali / Victofali ***Zumi **Teutonari / Teutonoari **Varini / Warini / Auarinoi (may have been the same as the Varini, a variant name in Greek) / Varini, Viruni / Quirounoi? or Oúírounoi (possibly a mistaken transliteration of the Greek alphabet, Greek Ούίρουνοι = Oúírounoi - Varini, Viruni in Latin alphabet, Latin) / Warni / Varini, Viruni / Pharodini? / Farodini? (may have been the same as the Varini or Varini, Viruni) *North Sea Germanic peoples, North Sea Germanics (Ingaevones / Ingvaeones) **Ambrones (possibly the Imbers / Ymbers / Ymbrum of

, tribe that dwelt in

or in the Emmer (Weser), Emmer (Ambriuna) river region; also they could have lived in the Island of Amrum, in the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast, or in the island of Fehmarn, Imbra, now known as Fehmarn, in the Baltic Sea, Baltic coast) **Ampsivarii / Ampsivarii, Amsivarii **Angles / Angles, Anglies ***Angles, Island Angles / Angles, Insular Angles (in England they merged with

and Jutes to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ***Angles, Mainland Angles / Angles, Continental Angles (later assimilated by the

in Angeln, Schleswig, North part of Schleswig-Holstein and by Frisians, North Frisians, in Southern Jutland Peninsula Atlantic coast and islands) (Aglies? a possible variant of the name Angles) **Angrivarii, Anglevarii / Angrivarii (Angrarii / Angarii) (later assimilated by the

) **Angrivarii (Angrarii / Angarii) (later assimilated by the

) **Caulci (possibly a North Sea Germanic tribe mentioned by Strabo, he wrote that they lived close to the Ocean - the North Sea, they are mentioned along with North Sea Germanic tribes - Ingaevones) **Chali / Hallinger ** Charudes / Harudes /

**Chaubi (possibly a North Sea Germanic tribe mentioned by Strabo, he wrote that they lived close to the Ocean - the North Sea, they are mentioned along with North Sea Germanic tribes - Ingaevones) **Chauci ***Chauci, Chauci Maiores ***Chauci, Chauci Minores / Hugas (Saxon Hugas) **

(some were assimilated by the Mainland

) **Cobandi **Cimbri / Cimbri, Cymbri **Dulgubnii, Dulgibini / Dulgubnii **Eudoses / Eudoses, Eutes / Euthiones (ancestors of the Jutes or a variant name of "Jutes"; Eutes > Iutes > Yutes > Jutes) (Endoses? possibly a variant of the name "Eudoses") ***Jutes ****Jutes, Island Jutes (in England they merged with the Angles and

to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ****Jutes, Mainland Jutes (later assimilated by the

, today's Mainland

) **Frisii ***Frisiavones / Frisiabones (Frisii, Frisii Minores) ***Frisii (Frisii, Frisii Maiores) (possible ancestors of the Frisians) ****Frisians, Old Frisians **Fundusi (a Germanic tribe that lived in

) **Guiones (a tribe mentioned by the Massaliotes, Massiliot Greeks, Greek sea traveler and explorer Pytheas in his work - ''The Ocean'' that possibly lived in

) **Hæleþan (Haelethan) (tribe that lived near the Randers Firth in North

) **Nuithones / Nuitones **Sabalingioi / Sabalingi **

(Old Saxons) ***Saxons, Island Saxons / Saxons, Insular Saxons (in England they merged with the Angles and Jutes to form the new ethnolinguistic group of the Anglo-Saxons) ***Saxons, Mainland Saxons / Saxons, Continental Saxons (the variants Gau (territory), Ga, Gau (territory), Gao, Gau (territory), Gau, Gau (territory), Gabi, Gau (territory), Go, Gau (territory), Gowe, Gau (territory), Gouw, Gau (territory), Ge were the word for Gau (territory), Gau - Old Saxon or Old Low German and Old High German term (in modern times ''Districts of Germany, Kreis'') equivalent of the English Shire, regional administration, many times they matched a tribal land or territory, Old English had some traces, some Germanic cognates like ''Ga'' / ''Gа̄'' or ''Ge'', of this meaning which was ousted by Old English ''Scire'' - Shire, from an early time) ****Agradingun (same as the Angrivarii or Angarii) ****Myrgingas / Myrgings (tribe of

, the wandering bard) ****Saxons, Later Saxons (after merger and assimilation of several North Sea Germanic peoples, North Sea Germanic and Elbe Germanic peoples and tribes) *****Nordliudi, Nordalbingi (Nordalbingians) / Nordliudi / Transalbingians (North of the

, called before Elbe, Alba or Elbe river, Albis river, in Holstein) (the original land of the

) (their land included the Limes Saxonicus and the Danish March) ******Nordliudi, Holtsaetan / Nordliudi, Holtsaeten / Nordliudi, Holtsati / Nordliudi, Holsatians / Holcetae (''Holt Saetan'' - "Forest / Wood Settlement" or "Forest / Wood Settlers" - from which Holstein originate its name, and not from "Forest Stone") (a Nordalbingian tribe, North of the Elbe river, part of the Saxons, Saxon tribal confederation) ******Thietmaresca / Thiadmariska / Men of Ditmarsch (in Dithmarschen) ******Sturmarians (Sturmarii / Sturmera) ******Bardi (Old Saxons), Bardi / Bardongavenses (they lived in Bardengawi / Barden gawi / Bardengau or Bardengau, Barden Gau) *****Angarians / Angrians (same as the Angrivarii or Angarii) (in Old Saxony, Angaria) (in the plain of Old Saxony south of the

and along Weser River, Weser river valley) ******Agradingun / Agradine (lived in Agradingo / Agradingo go) ******Almangas (they lived in Almango or Almango go) ******Ammeri ******Bursibani ******Bucki (tribe), Bucki ******Dersi ******Derve ******Heilungun (they lived in Heilanga / Heilanga ga) ******Hessi (in Hessa) (a North Hessian tribe assimilated by the Mainland

) ******Hlisgas (they lived in Hlisgo or Hlisgo go) ******Hostingabi / Hostinga (they lived in Hostingabi / Hostinga gabi) ******Huettas (they lived in Huettago or Huetta go) ******Lagni ******Lara (tribe), Lara ******Lidbeke (they lived in Lidbekegowe or Lidbeke gowe) ******Lohingi (they lived in Lohingao or Lohingi gao) ******Moronas (tribe), Moronas (they lived in Moronga (Gau), Moronga or Moron ga) ******Mosde ******Netga / Nete (tribe), Nete (they lived in Netga or Net ga) ******Pathergi / Padergi (they lived in Patherga or Pather ga) ******Sturmi (tribe), Sturmi ******Tilithi ******Waldseti / Waldseton ******Wehsige (in Wehsigo or Wehsi go) ******Wigmodia / Wihmodi (Bremen, Bremon, today's Bremen was in their land) *****Phalians (in Old Saxony, Phalia) (in the plateau of Old Saxony) ******Eastphalians (Eastphalia, Ostfalahi) (in Eastphalia) *******Derlinas (they lived in Derlingau, Derlingowe or Derlingau, Derlin Gowe - Derlingau or Derlingau, Derlin Gau) *******Flutwide *******Frisonovel *******Gretingun / Gretingas (they lived in Gretinga / Gretinga ga) *******Guottingi / Guddinges / Gotingi (a Gothic tribe that merged and assimilated to the

) (they lived in Guotinga or Guotinga ga or Gotinga ga, Göttingen region) *******Hartinas (lived in Hartingowe or Hartin gowe) *******Hasi (tribe), Hasi (they lived in Hasigowe or Hasi gowe) *******Hastfalon / Astfalon (they lived in Hastfalagowe or Hastfala gowe) *******Maerstem *******Nordsuavi (in Suavia) (a Northern

/ Suebi, Suevi tribe that merged and assimilated to the

) *******Nortthuringun (a Northern Thuringian tribe that merged and assimilated to the

) (lived in Nortthuringowe or Nort Thurin gowe) *******Salthgas (they lived in Salthga or Salth ga) ******Westphalians (Westphalia, Westfalahi / Westfali) (in Westphalia) *******Angeron (they lived in Angeron) *******Auas (they lived in Auga (Gau), Auga or Au ga) *******Dreini (they lived in Dreini) *******Grainas (they lived in Grainga or Grain ga) *******Hama (tribe), Hama (a tribe descendant of the Chamavi / Chamavi, Hamavi, a Rhine-Weser Germanic peoples, Rhine-Weser Germanic tribe, one component of the

, that was later assimilated by the Mainland

) (they lived in Hamaland or Hama land) *******Hasi (tribe), Hasi (they lived in Hasagowe) *******Lerige (lived in Lerige or Leri ge) *******Nihthersi *******Scopingun *******Sudergo (lived in Sudergo or Suder go) *******Theotmalli *******Threcwiti *******Westfalon proper *****Aringon *****Firihsetan / Virsedi *****Sahslingun *****Scotelingun *****Steoringun *****Thiadmthora *****Waledungun **Reudigni / Rendingi / Rendingi, Randingi / Rondings, Rondingas / Rondings / Reudigni, Reudignes / Reudingi / Reudigni, Reudinges **Singulones / Sigulones **Sturii (a Germanic tribe that lived south of the Frisii) **Teutones (Teutons) **Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Jutes-Saxons (Anglo-Saxons, Anglian-Jutish-Saxonian tribes, organized in

s, tribal lands) (new ethnolinguistic group formed by migration toward and settlement of Germanic tribes in Britannia, today's England, and also by assimilation of the conquered Britons (ancient), British Celts) ***Angles (Angles, Island Angles) ****Northumbrians (North of the Humber River, England, Humber estuary) *****Amoþingas / Amothingas (Emmotland in Yorkshire, anciently ''Aet Eamotum'', perhaps also Amotherley, also in Yorkshire) *****Sunderland, Beodarsæte (Anglian tribe that lived in Sunderland region) *****Elmet, Elmedsætan / Elmetsaete (Elmet) *****Loidis (Anglian tribe that lived in Leeds region) ****Southumbrians (South of the Humber River, England, Humber estuary) *****East Angles / East Anglians (in East Anglia) ******Herstingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Cambridge region) ******Ikelgas (Anglian tribe that lived in Icklingham region) ******Norfolk (tribe), Norfolk (Anglian tribe - "North folk" of East Anglia that lived in Norfolk region) ******Suffolk (tribe), Suffolk (Anglian tribe - "South folk" of East Anglia that lived in Suffolk region) *****Middle Angles / Midlanders (in Mercia, roughly today's Midlands) ******Middle Angles, East Middle Angles / Middle Angles, Middle Angles Proper (roughly in today's Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire and South Oxfordshire) *******Bilmingas / Bilmigas (part of south Lincolnshire) *******Cilternsæte / Cilternsæte, Cilternsætan (Settlers of Chiltern Hills – Middle Anglian tribe or clan) *******Dornwaras (Settlers of river Dorn – Middle Anglian tribe or clan) *******Færpingas / Feppingas / Faerpinga in Middelenglum (Charlbury and near Thame) *******Giflas / Giflas (tribe), Gifle (River Ivel, near Bedford) *******Gyrwas / Gyrwas, Gyrwe (Angle tribe or clan that dwelt in the fen) (in the The Fens, Fens) (near Peterborough region) ********Gyrwas, North Gyrwas / Gyrwas, North Gyrwe ********Gyrwas, Suth Gyrwas / Gyrwas, Suth Gyrwe *********Elge (tribe), Elge (Anglian tribe that lived in ''Isle of Ely, Elge'' - Isle of Ely) *******Hiccas / Hiccas (tribe), Hicce (around today's Hitchin) *******Hurstingas (River Ivel, near Bedford) *******Spaldas / Spaldingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Spalding, Lincolnshire, Spalding region) *******Sweordoras (Whittlesey Mere) *******Wideringas (near Stamford, Lincolnshire, Stamford) *******Wigestas *******Willas / Willas (tribe), Wille ********East Willas / Willas (tribe), East Wille ********West Willas / Willas (tribe), West Wille *******Wixnas ********East Wixnas ********West Wixnas ******Lindisfaras (Anglian tribe that lived in Lindisfarona

, Lindsey (British subdivision), Lindsey and North Lincolnshire) *******Gaininingas / Gaini (Gainsborough, Lincolnshire) *******Lindisfarningas (an outlier tribe that lived in the Lindisfarne island and region in the Northumbrian kingdom, Northumbrian coast) ******Mercians / Mercia, Mercians Proper (they founded the Kingdom of Mercia, with Mercian conquests of other Middle Angles in the 7th and 8th centuries AD, "Mercian" and "Middle Angles" became almost synonymal) *******North Mercians (the Mercians dwelling north of the River Trent, roughly in today's East Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire) ********Repton, Reagesate (Anglian tribe that lived in Repton) ********Snotingas (Anglian tribe that occupied the settlement of Nottingham, Snottengaham or Nottingham, Snodengaham - modern Nottingham, Nottinghamshire) *******South Mercians (the Mercians dwelling south of the River Trent, roughly in today's South Staffordshire and North Warwickshire) ********Beormingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Birmingham region) ********Bilsaete (Bilston) ********Pencersaete (Penkridge) ********Tomsaete (Tamworth, Staffordshire) *******Outer Mercians (an early phase of Mercian expansion, possibly 6th century AD, roughly in today's South Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and North Oxfordshire) ********Undalas (Anglian tribe that lived in Oundle, Undaium region, modern-day Oundle, in Northamptonshire) ********Wideriggas ******Pecsæte / Pecsæte, Pecsætan (Anglian tribe that lived in today's Peak District, roughly in North Derbyshire) *******Herefinnas (Derbyshire) ******Hwicce, Hwiccians / Hwicce, Hwincas (Hwicce) (roughly in today's Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and South Warwickshire) *******Arosæte / Arosæte, Arosaetan (in and around today's Droitwich Spa, Arosætna

) *******Duddensaete (Dudley) *******Husmerae (Kidderminster) *******Stoppingas (Anglian tribe that lived in Wootton Wawen and the valley of the River Alne in modern-day Warwickshire) *******Weorgoran (Worcester, England, Worcester) ******Westernas (Anglian tribe), Westernas *******Magonsæte / Magonsæte, Magonsætan (roughly in today's Herefordshire and South Shropshire) ********Hahlsæte (Ludlow) ********Temersæte (Hereford) *******Wreocensæte (Wreocensæte, Wrekinsets) (Wreocensæte, Wrēocensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wrōcensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wrōcesǣte, Wreocensæte, Wōcensǣte, Wreocensæte, Wocansaete) (Anglian tribe that lived in Wocansaetna

) (roughly in today's Northern Shropshire, Flintshire and Cheshire) ********Meresæte (in and around Chester) ********Rhiwsæte (in and around Wroxeter, Shropshire) *******Lancashire, Tribes of the Land Between Ribble and Mersey (Anglian tribes that lived in what is today's Merseyside, in the Mersey Valley Land, today's Manchester and Liverpool region - Greater Manchester, and in south of the Ribble Valley, Ribble Valley Land, today's South Lancashire, roughly today's Lancashire) (a disorganized region under Mercian control from the 7th century AD) ***Jutes (Jutes, Island Jutes) ****Cantwara / Kentish Men, Centingas (Kentish people, Kentish / Kentish Men, in Kent, Cantwarena

, Kent) *****Andredes Leag (Jute tribe that lived in Andredsley and Newenden region in Kent) *****Boroware (Jute tribe that lived in Canterbury region) *****Ceasterware (Jute tribe that lived in Rochester, Kent region) *****Eastorege (Jute tribe that lived in Sandwich, Kent region) *****Limenwara *****Merscware (Dwellers of Romney Marsh, Kent) ****Wihtwara (Wight Islanders) (Wihtgara Tribal Hidage) (in the Isle of Wight) *****Meonwara / Meonwara, Meonware / Meonwara, Meonsæte (south-east Hampshire and Southampton, mainly on the River Meon, Meon valley) *****Ytenesæte (Jute tribe that lived in what is today's New Forest) ***

(Saxons, Island Saxons) ****East Saxons (East Saxons, East Secsenas) (in Essex) *****Brahhingas (Saxon tribe centred on the settlement of Braughing in modern-day Hertfordshire) *****Maldon, Essex, Dæningas / Dengie, Daenningas / Dengie, Deningei / Deningel *****Ingatestone, Gegingas *****Harringay, Haeringas *****Royal Liberty of Havering, Haueringas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's London Borough of Havering, East End, London) *****The Rodings, Hroðingas *****Tewingas *****Tooting, Tota *****Waeclingas ****Middle Saxons (in Middlesex, roughly in what is today's Greater London, Hertfordshire, Surrey) *****Bedingas (Bedfordshire) *****Geddingas-Gillingas-Mimmas ******Geddingas ******Ealing, Gillingas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's Ealing, West End, London, West End, London) ******Mimmas *****Harrow on the Hill, Gumeningas (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in today's Harrow on the Hill, West End, London, West End, London) *****Hackney, London, Hakas (Saxon tribe that lived in Hackney, London, Hackney, London) *****Noxgaga / Noxga gā (''gā'' is cognate of ''Gau (territory), Gau'') (Berkshire / Thames Valley, Thames Valley Saxons) ******Æbbingas, Æbbingas / Aebbingas (Abingdon-on-Thames, Abingdon) ******Braccingas (Bracknell) ******Readingas (Reading, Berkshire, Reading) ******Sunningas (Sonning) ******Woccingas (Wokingham) *****Paddington, Padendene (Saxon tribe or clan that lived in Paddington, Pæding-tun, modern-day Paddington, London) *****Suther-ge (''ge'' is cognate of ''Gau (territory), Gau'') (Surrey) ******Ælffingas (Effingham, Surrey, Effingham) ******Godhelmingas (Godalming) ******Ohtgaga / Ohtga gā (Somewhere in Surrey) ******Totingas (Tooting) ******Wochingas (Woking) ****South Saxons (South Saxons') (Sussex) *****Haestingas (Hastings) ****West Saxons (in Wessex) *****Basingas (Basingstoke) *****Eorlingas (tribe), Eorlingas (Arlingham) *****Glasteningas / Glestingas (Glastonbury) *****Dorset, Dornsaete / Dorset, Dorsætan (Dorset) *****Gewisse (Dorchester on Thames) *****Hendricas (Wiltshire or Test Valley) *****Sumortūnsǣte / Sumorsǣte / Sumorsaete, Sumorsætan (Somerset) *****Unecunga / Unecung (they lived in Unecunga Ga - Unecunga Gau (territory), Gau or Land, in the Upper Thames region) *****Wilsæte, Wilsætan (Wiltshire) *Istvaeones, Wesser-Rhine Germanics (

) **Baetasii / Betasii **Bructeri / Bructeri, Bructeres / Bructeri, Bructuarii / Borthari? (a possible changed name of Bructeri) **Chamavi / Hamavi (they lived in the region today called Hamaland, in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands, between the IJssel and Ems (river), Ems rivers) **Cugerni **Falchovarii **Gambrivii, Gamabrivii / Gambrivii **Incriones **Landoudioi / Landi **Sicambri / Sicambri, Sigambres / Sugambri ***Marsi (Germanic), Marsi ***Marsaci / Marsacii **Salii (tribe), Salii / Salians (before formation of the

) (originally they only inhabited the northern Low

area, in Salland) (later, those that stayed in Salland, were conquered and assimilated by the

) **Sunici / Sunuci **Tencteri (etymology of the tribe's name is Celtic languages, Celtic) **Tubantes / Tuihanti **Ubii **Usipetes / Usipii / Vispi (etymology of the tribe's name is Celtic languages, Celtic) **

/ Franks, Hugones (formed by the merging of Wesser-Rhine Germanic tribes -

tribes and by the merging and assimilation of the

and related tribes) (at the time of the

and

, they founded the Frankish Kingdom) (those living in what is today's West Central Germany and the Low Countries, mainly Ripuarian Franks, are the ancestors of the Franconian Germans (traditionally they spoke Franconian languages) and many of the Dutch people, Dutch, those living in what is today's

, mainly Salian Franks, were assimilated by the Gallo-Roman majority, however their

was the origin for another

"French people, French" of the French people) ***Ripuarian Franks (originally Rhine river, Rhine river banks Franks, Eastern Austrasia

, Rhineland

in Rhineland,

, Palatinate (region), Palatinate and also in Upper Franconia, that before was Thuringian) ****Hessian Franks / Hessians (tribe), Hessians ****Lognai (late Frankish tribe that lived in Lahngau, west of Taunus Mountains) ****Moselle Franks ****Nistresi (Nister (river), Nister Franks? Diemel Franks?) (a late

tribe) ****Suduodi (late Frankish tribe) ****Upper Franconia Franks (originally it was a Thuringian region before

conquest) ****Wedrecii (late Frankish tribe that lived in around Wetter (river), Wetter river or Wetterau, east of the Taunus Mountains) ***Salian Franks (originally they inhabited the northern Low

area, specifically today's Salland, later they expanded in the Low Countries, and most stayed there; even later, many migrated outside Eastern Austrasia, that included Rhineland, and beyond Silva Carbonaria and the Arduenna Silva, outside the original area of Frankish settlement where Gallo-Romans were the majority, scattered throughout the territory of the Kingdom of the Franks, roughly today's

, especially the northern regions, Western Austrasia and Neustria, they were later assimilated by the Gallo-Roman majority) (later, those that stayed in Salland, were conquered and assimilated by the

) ****Low Rhine Franks (Salian Franks that stayed in the Low

region of Eastern Austrasia, later known as the Low Countries, ancestors of many of the Dutch people, Dutch and Flemish people, Flemish) ****Salians, Western Austrasian Franks (in Western Austrasia, out of the Frank majority regions) ****Salians, Neustrian Franks (in Neustria or Neustrasia, out of the Frank majority regions)

Germanic peoples or tribes of unknown ethnolinguistic kinship

Eight tribes or peoples are only mentioned by the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon wandering bard, of the Myrgingas tribe, named

- Aenenes; Baningas; Deanas (they are differentiated from the

); Frumtingas; Herefaran; Hronas or Hronan; Mofdingas and Sycgas (not to be confused with ''Secgan'', short name for the work in Old English called ''On the Resting-Places of the Saints'' about saints' resting places in England).

Ancient peoples with partially Germanic background

Germano-Celtic

*Norse-Gaels (''Austmenn'' - "Eastmen" - "People of the East", people who had come from the East - Scandinavia;

, Scotland and the Isle of Man were called ''

'' - "Westmen" - "People of the West" - British Islands) (people of mixed Gaels, Gaelic and Norse ancestry and culture that was formed in the

) **Norse-Gaels, Norn people (Norðr - People of the North Islands) ***Shetlanders (Shetland, Hjaltar) ***Orcadians **Norse-Gaels, Sodor people (Norse-Gaels, Hebridians-Manese Norse-Gaels) (Sodor - People of the South Islands) ***Norse-Gaels, Hebridians Norse-Gaels ****Norse-Gaels, Outer Hebridians Norse-Gaels ****Norse-Gaels, Inner Hebridians Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Man Norse-Gaels **Norse-Gaels, Ireland Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Dublin Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Wexford Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Waterford Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Cork Norse-Gaels ***Norse-Gaels, Limerick Norse-Gaels

Germano-Slavic

*Osterwalde (a Mainland Saxon tribe living in the same land and in close contact with the Drevani = "Wood" or "Wood Tribe", the Lipani and the Belesem or Byelozem = "White Earth" or "White Earth Tribe" Slavs, Slavic tribes of the Obotrites, Obodrite confederacy that lived scattered in the west banks of the Elbe river, part of the Polabian Slavs or Elbe Slavs, West Slavs) (they lived in Oster Walde / Osterwalde - "Eastern Woods" in the Old Mainland Saxons, Saxon view) (Osterwalde and Luneburg Heath also matched the land where the Langobards lived for a time before most of them migrated towards South) (mostly in today's Lower Saxony, in the Hanoverian Wendland, Germany) * Rus’ people, of

, loose

that was ruled by the Varangian

(they were formed by a mainly Norsemen, East Norse or North Germanic peoples, East North Germanic minority, the Varangians, that came from East Middle Sweden, coastal eastern Sweden or coastal Svealand, around the 8th century AD, from Roslagen in

or Roden, Sweden, Roden, that was assimilated by the East Slavic people, East Slavic majority)

Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Germanic or partially Germanic background

Mixed peoples that had some Germanic component

Celtic-Germanic-Iranian

*Bastarnae, an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia, possibly they were originally a

tribe later mixed with Germanic peoples, Germanics and Sarmatians (a group of ancient Iranian peoples) - one possible origin of the name is from Avestan and Old Persian cognate ''bast''- "bound, tied; slave" (cf. Ossetian language, Ossetic ''bættən'' "bind", bast "bound") and Proto-Iranian language, Proto-Iranian *''arna''- "offspring") **Atmoni / Atmoli **Peucini / Peucini, Peucini Bastarnae (a branch of the Bastarnae that lived in the region north of the Danube Delta) (Peucmi? possibly a variant of the name "Peucini") **Sidoni

Possible Germanic or non-Germanic peoples

Germanic or Slavic

*Vistula Veneti / Venedi (more probably a Balto-Slavic people)

Germanic or Celtic

*Anartes (more probably a Celtic tribe later assimilated by Dacians) *Campsiani (originally Celtic people, Celtic, assimilated by Germanic peoples, Germanics) *Cotini / Gotini (more probably a Celtic tribe) *Daliterni, their name was based on a river called Dala in older times (early name of the Veragri, a probable Gauls, Gallic tribe located in present-day Switzerland, in the Valais Swiss canton, canton, however there is the possibility, according to Livy, that they were a half Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe) *Germani Cisrhenani / Tungri? (a collective name for 7 tribes) (names' etymologies of many of the tribes were Celtic languages, Celtic; Belgic people? Chiefs anthroponyms were also Celtic languages, Celtic) **Aduatuci / Atuatuci **Ambivaretes / Ambivareti **Caemani / Paemani **Caeraesi / Caeroesi / Caerosi **Condrusi **Eburones (later Toxandri / Texuandri?) **Segni *Graioceli (more probably a Celtic tribe) *Maeatae / Maeatae, Maiates / Maeatae, Maiatae / Maeatae, Maiati / Maeatae, Miathi (probably a Southern Picts, Pictish tribal confederation beyond and north the Antonine Wall that lived in the land between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay or parts of what is now Clackmannanshire, Fife and Stirlingshire and also in the Isle of May from the 2nd century AD to the 6th and 7th centuries AD; there is also the possibility, although weaker, that they were of Norse origin) *Nemeti / Nemetes / Nemetes, Nemetai (Νεμῆται) (more probably a Celtic tribe by its name Etymology, Toponyms and Theonyms) *Nervii (more probably a Belgic tribal confederation) *Treveri (more probably a Belgic tribe) *Tulingi, Tylangii (more probably a Celtic tribe related to the Tulingi or descendant from them)

Germanic or Dacian

*Carpi (people), Carpi / Carpiani (more probably a Dacian people, Dacian tribe)

Germanic or Iranian

*Taifals (possibly they were a Sarmatian

people assimilated by the

, before the

settled in what is today the steppe area of Ukraine, including Crimea, in the 2nd century AD, this area was inhabited by the Sarmatians)

Germanic or Balto-Finnic

*Idumingas / Idumings (more probably a Livonians, Livonian tribe, called Ydumaei by Henricus Lettus or Henricus de Lettis or Henricus Lettus, Heinrich von Lettland, who wrote the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Chronicon Livoniae'' or ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'') *Kainulaiset, Kvenir / Kainulaiset, Kvænir mentioned in ''Egils Saga'' / Kainulaiset, Kvanes / Kainulaiset, Cwenas mentioned by Ohthere (more probably they were the Kainulaiset, that dwelt in Kvenland, a probable reference to

peoples also called ''Saami peoples, Scridefinnas'' / ''Saami peoples, Screrefennae'' or speakers of a related Uralic language) (over time their name became confused with the

word ''kván'' or ''kvæn'' - "woman", genitive plural ''kvenna'', and became mistakenly confused with the legendary Amazons, a mythical all-women tribe that had relations with the Gargareans, a mythical all-men tribe)

Mythical founders

Many of the authors relating ethnic names of Germanic peoples speculated concerning their origin, from the earliest writers to approximately the Renaissance. One cross-cultural approach over this more than a millennium of historical speculation was to assign an eponymous ancestor of the same name as, or reconstructed from, the name of the people. For example, Hellen was the founder of the Greeks, Hellenes. Although some Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment historians continued to repeat these ancient stories as though fact, today they are recognised as manifestly mythological. There was, for example, no Franko, or Francio, ancestor of the Franks. The convergence of data from history, linguistics and archaeology have made this conclusion inevitable. A list of the mythical founders of Germanic peoples follows. *Angul (king), Angul — Angles (the List of monarchs of Mercia, Kings of Mercia, according to the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', other Anglo-Saxon dynasties are derived from other descendants of Woden) *Ask and Embla, Ask —

*Aurvandil —

*Burgundus —

(''Historia Brittonum'') *Dan (king), Dan —

(''Chronicon Lethrense'') *Francio (king), Francio —

(''Liber Historiae Francorum'') *Gothus —

*Ingve — Ingvaeones, Ynglings *Irmin (king), Irmin —

*Mannus — Manni, or "men", a name fragment as in the later

(''

'') *Nór — Norwegians (''Chronicon Lethrense'') *Seaxnēat —

Notes

References

*Thorsten Andersson: ''Altgermanische Ethnika''. In: ''Namn och bygd. Tidskrift för nordisk ortnamnsforskning''. 97 (2009), , pp. 5–39
PDF; 9.7 MB
total year). *Otto Bremer: ''Ethnographie der germanischen Stämme''. In: Hermann Paul (editor): ''Grundriss der Germanischen Philologie''. volume 2, part 1: ''Literaturgeschichte''. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Karl Trübner Verlag, Strasbourg 1900, pp. 735–930. *Ernst Künzl: ''Die Germanen'' (= ''Theiss WissenKompakt''). Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, . *Günter Neumann (philologist), Günter Neumann: ''Namenstudien zum Altgermanischen'' (= ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde – Ergänzungsbände''. volume 59). Edited by Heinrich Hettrich, Astrid van Nahl. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2008, , . *Rudolf Much: ''Die Germania des Tacitus''. 3rd considerable adult edition. Edited by Wolfgang Lange (philologist), Wolfgang Lange in collaboration with Herbert Jankuhn and Hans Fromm. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1967, . *Rudolf Much: ''Deutsche Stammeskunde''. 3rd verb edition. Scientific association. Publisher, Berlin/Leipzig 1920, ; outlook Verlag, Bremen 2015, . *Heinrich Beck (philologist), Heinrich Beck et al. (editor): ''Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde.'' 2nd edition. de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1972–2008. *Hermann Reichert: ''Lexikon der altgermanischen Namen.'' Publisher of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1987, . *Ludwig Rübekeil: ''Völkernamen Europas''. In: Ernst Eichler et al. (editor): ''Namenforschung. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik''. volume 2, de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1996, , pp. 1330–1343. *Moritz Schönfeld: ''Wörterbuch der altgermanischen Personen- und Völkernamen nach der Überlieferung des klassischen Altertums'' (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. department 1: ''Elementar- und Handbücher''. series 4: ''Wörterbücher''. volume 2). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1911, ; Reprints each as 2nd, unchanged edition: (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. series 3 [much 2]). Winter, Heidelberg 1965, ; Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1965, . *Ernst Schwarz (Germanist), Ernst Schwarz: ''Germanische Stammeskunde'' (= ''Germanische Bibliothek''. volume 5). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1956, ; reprint: VMA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009, . *Alexander Sitzmann, Friedrich E. Grünzweig: ''Altgermanische Ethnonyme. Ein Handbuch zu ihrer Etymologie''. Using a bibliography by Robert Nedoma editor of Hermann Reichert (= ''Philologica Germanica.'' volume 29). Fassbaender, Vienna 2008, . *Reinhard Wenskus: ''Stammesbildung und Verfassung. Das Werden der frühmittelalterlichen gentes''. 2nd, unchanged edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne/Vienna 1977, .

External links

Germania of TacitusA speculative Findlay map of 1849
(Geographica). Book 7, Chapters 1 and 2, are about Germania. {{Germanic peoples Early Germanic peoples, Lists of ancient Indo-European peoples and tribes Lists of ancient people, Germanic

In alphabetical order

Ancestors

Possible ethnolinguistic kinship

East Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. Since the 19th century, they have traditionally been defined by the use of ancient and ear ... ( Vandilians)

West Germanic peoples The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into t ...

Germanic peoples or tribes of unknown ethnolinguistic kinship

Ancient peoples with partially Germanic background

Germano-Celtic

Germano-Slavic

Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Germanic or partially Germanic background

Mixed peoples that had some Germanic component

Celtic-Germanic-Iranian

Possible Germanic or non-Germanic peoples

Germanic or Slavic

Germanic or Celtic

Germanic or Dacian

Germanic or Iranian

Germanic or Balto-Finnic

Mythical founders

See also

Notes

References

External links

East Germanic peoples The Germanic peoples were historical groups of people that once occupied Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages. Since the 19th century, they have traditionally been defined by the use of ancient and ear ...
( Vandilians)