Link 22
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Link 22 is a secure digital radio link in the HF and UHF bands, primarily used by military forces as a
tactical data link A tactical data link (TDL) uses a data link standard in order to provide communication via radio waves or cable used by NATO nations. All military C3 systems use standardized TDL to transmit, relay and receive tactical data. Multi-TDL network ...
.


History

During the late 1980s,
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
, agreeing on the need to improve the performance of
Link 11 TADIL-A/Link 11 is a secure half-duplex tactical data link used by NATO to exchange digital data. It was originally developed by a joint committee including members from the Canadian Navy, US Navy and Royal Navy to pass accurate targeting inform ...
, produced a mission need statement that became the basis for the establishment of the NATO Improved Link Eleven (NILE) Program. This program specified a new tactical message standard in the NATO standardization agreement (
STANAG In NATO, a standardization agreement (STANAG, redundantly: STANAG agreement) defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the alliance. Each NATO st ...
) 5522 to enhance data exchange and provide a new layered communications architecture. This new data link was designated Link 22 by NATO. The NILE program is funded and collaboratively conducted by seven nations under the aegis of a memorandum of understanding ( MOU). A steering committee controls the complete NILE program. The program is managed by the
Project Management Office A project management office (abbreviated to PMO) is a group or department within a business, government agency, or enterprise that defines and maintains standards for project management within the organization. The PMO strives to standardize and in ...
(PMO), located at the Space and Naval Warfare Command ( SPAWAR)'s Program Management Warfare (PMW) 150 in
San Diego San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the List of United States cities by population, eigh ...
,
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
. The PMO consists of a representative from each participating nation and a Project Manager from the US. The Link 22 goals are * to replace
Link 11 TADIL-A/Link 11 is a secure half-duplex tactical data link used by NATO to exchange digital data. It was originally developed by a joint committee including members from the Canadian Navy, US Navy and Royal Navy to pass accurate targeting inform ...
, thereby removing the inherent limitations of Link 11; * to improve Allied
interoperability Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader defi ...
; * to complement
Link 16 Link 16 is a military tactical data link network used by NATO and nations allowed by the MIDS International Program Office (IPO). Its specification is part of the family of Tactical Data Links. With Link 16, military aircraft as well as ship ...
; and * to enhance the commanders' war fighting capability. From 2007 to 2009 NILE nation Germany contracted German industry to enhance performance and tactical capabilities for Link 22 HF fixed frequency (FF) operation. Three goals were achieved: * increased robustness for the standardized data rates (defined by MSN 1-6) * gapless communication range extended up to 1000 NM * increased throughput by additional high-speed waveforms In 2012 Germany submitted the new HF-FF technology to NATO and NILE program, for ratification and adoption respectively. In 2015 the NILE program approved the adoption of the new HF-FF technology, with full support anticipated for 2016. The Link 22 system is centered around its core component, the system network controller (SNC). This software exists as a single implementation, produced by the NILE PMO and owned by the NILE nations. To ensure compatibility across Link 22 implementations, all participants must use this SNC software. Each implementing nation will acquire this software and will implement it in a hardware environment suitable for its own application. Therefore, the SNC is not available as a commercial product, and is supplied by NILE PMO to NILE agreed Third-Party Sales nations with an annual maintenance fee. An overview and introduction to Link 22 is provided by the "Link 22 Guidebook" published by the NILE PMO in July 2009. This Guidebook has been written in a manner that provides information for Link 22 operators, planners, managers, executives, developers, and testers. Given below is an abstract of chapter 1 of the Link 22 Guidebook. The other chapters 2-3 of the Link 22 Guidebook are only available to NILE and Third-Party Sales nations.


Link 22 overview

Link 22 is a
North Atlantic Treaty Organization The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
(NATO) secure radio system that provides beyond line-of-sight (BLOS) communications. It interconnects air, surface, subsurface, and ground-based tactical data systems, and it is used for the exchange of tactical data among the military units of the participating nations. Link 22 will be deployed in peacetime, crisis, and war to support NATO and Allied
warfare War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular ...
taskings. The Link 22 program was initially conducted collaboratively by seven nations under the aegis of a memorandum of understanding (MOU). The original seven nations were
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
, the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
(UK), and the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
(US), with the US acting as the host nation.
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
has replaced the Netherlands as a NILE (NATO Improved Link Eleven) nation. Link 22 was developed to replace and overcome the known deficiencies of
Link 11 TADIL-A/Link 11 is a secure half-duplex tactical data link used by NATO to exchange digital data. It was originally developed by a joint committee including members from the Canadian Navy, US Navy and Royal Navy to pass accurate targeting inform ...
. Link 22 was also designed to complement and interoperate easily with
Link 16 Link 16 is a military tactical data link network used by NATO and nations allowed by the MIDS International Program Office (IPO). Its specification is part of the family of Tactical Data Links. With Link 16, military aircraft as well as ship ...
. It was designed with automated and simple management to ensure that it is easier to manage than both Link 11 and Link 16. This program is called "NATO Improved Link Eleven", which is abbreviated to "NILE". The tactical data link provided by the NILE system has been officially designated Link 22.


References

{{Reflist
The Link 22 portal for NILE Nations
@ NATO Improved Link Eleven (NILE)

@ NATO Improved Link Eleven (NILE)
Link 22 modem (SPC)
@ DRS Technologies
Link 22 modem (SPC)
@ Rockwell Collins (This product has been discontinued in 2015.)
Link 22 modem (SPC)
@ Elbit Systems Deutschland
Link 22 International Government-Off-The-Shelf products presentation
@ Northrop Grumman


External links


Link 22 solutionsTechnoBit LINPro Tactical Data Link Processor for Link-22 and more
Military radio systems Military installations of NATO Military equipment of NATO