The Leuven Vulgate or Hentenian Bible () is an edition of the

Vulgate The Vulgate (; also called (Bible in common tongue), ) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. The Vulgate is largely the work of Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels u ...

which was

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Hentenius Hentenius (John Henten, born 1499 at Nalinnes, now in Belgium; died 10 October 1566, at Leuven) was a Flemish Dominican Biblical exegete. He is well known for his edition of the Vulgate in 1547. Life When quite young he took the vows of rel ...

(1499–1566) and published in

Louvain Leuven (, ) or Louvain (, , ; german: link=no, Löwen ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the historic c ...

in 1547. This edition was republished several times, and in 1574 a revised edition was published. The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate is cited in the Oxford Vulgate New Testament, where it is designated by the ''

siglum Scribal abbreviations or sigla (singular: siglum) are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanica ...

'' (H for ''Hentenian'').

History

Publications

On 8 April 1546, at the

Council of Trent The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italian Peninsula, Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation ...

, a decision was made to prepare an authorized version of the Vulgate. No direct action was taken for the next forty years, and many scholars continued to publish their own editions. Among these editions, the edition prepared by Hentenius served almost as the standard text of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

. The first edition of Hentenius was entitled ''Biblia ad vetustissima exemplaria nunc recens castigata'' and was published by the printer in November 1547. Hentenius used 30

Vulgate manuscripts The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible, largely edited by Jerome, which functioned as the Catholic Church's ''de facto'' standard version during the Middle Ages. The original Vulgate produced by Jerome around 382 has ...

to make his edition. Hentenius' edition is similar to the 1532 and 1540 editions of the Vulgate produced by

Robert Estienne The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

Lucas Brugensis editions

After the death of Hentenius in 1566, Franciscus Lucas Brugensis continued his critical work and prepared his own edition; the edition was published in 1574 in

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

by Plantin, under the title: ''Biblia Sacra: Qui in hac editione, a Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicatur''. A. C. De Schrevel, "Lucas, François, dit Lucas Brugensis", ''

Biographie Nationale de Belgique The ''Biographie nationale de Belgique'' ( French; "National Biography of Belgium") is a biographical dictionary of Belgium. It was published by the Royal Academy of Belgium in 44 volumes between 1866 and 1986. A continuation series, entitled the ' ...

''
vol. 12
(Brussels, 1893), p. 552. This revision has the same text as the original edition. However the punctuation was modified, and supplementary variants were added in the margin; few variants from the original edition were removed. In 1583, a new edition of the Leuven Vulgate was published by the

Plantin Press The Plantin Press at Antwerp was one of the focal centers of the fine printed book in the 16th century. History Christophe Plantin (c. 1520–1589) of Touraine was trained as a bookbinder. He fled from Paris where at least one printer had rece ...

. This edition was a reprint of the 1574 edition with as a supplement in appendix a

critical apparatus A critical apparatus ( la, apparatus criticus) in textual criticism of primary source material, is an organized system of notations to represent, in a single text, the complex history of that text in a concise form useful to diligent readers and ...

made by Lucas Brugensis: his ''Notationes in sacra Biblia'' previously published independently in 1580. This edition was published under the title: ''Biblia Sacra, quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat.''

Importance

The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate served as the basis for the elaboration of the Sixtine and

Clementine A clementine (''Citrus × clementina'') is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange ( ''C.'' × ''deliciosa'') and a sweet orange (''C. × sinensis''), named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who fir ...

editions of the Vulgate. Using the Leuven Vulgate as basis, Nicolaus van Winghe (1548), and Nicolas de Leuze (1550). Both translations were published in

Leuven Leuven (, ) or Louvain (, , ; german: link=no, Löwen ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the historic ...

Jakub Wujek Jakub Wujek (1541 – 27 April 1597, son of Maciej Wujek) was a Polish Jesuit, religious writer, Doctor of Theology, Vice-Chancellor of the Vilnius Academy and translator of the Bible into Polish. He is well-known for his translation of the Bi ...

based his translation, the Wujek Bible, on the 1574 edition of the Leuven Vulgate.

Notes

References

Bibliography

* * * *

External links

;1547 edition * * (click on "metadati", if the image does not load) ;1574 edition * * ;1583 edition * *{{Cite web, url=http://www.flandrica.be/flandrica/items/show/455, title=Biblia sacra. Quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat, year=1583, website= Flandrica.be, publisher= Flanders Heritage Library, access-date=2020-02-20 ;Miscellaneous
Leuven Vulgate from 1574
''Antique Holy Bible'' *http://www.bibliasacra.nl/ Editions of the Vulgate 1547 books 16th-century Latin books