Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz . ( – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of ...

(1646–1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician. In engineering, the following concepts are attributed to Leibniz: *

Leibniz wheel A Leibniz wheel or stepped drum is a cylinder with a set of teeth of incremental lengths which, when coupled to a counting wheel, can be used in the calculating engine of a class of mechanical calculators. Invented by Leibniz in 1673, it was use ...

, a cylinder used in a class of mechanical calculators * Leibniz calculator, a digital mechanical calculator based on the Leibniz wheel In mathematics, several results and concepts are named after Leibniz: *

Leibniz algebra In mathematics, a (right) Leibniz algebra, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, sometimes called a Loday algebra, after Jean-Louis Loday, is a module ''L'' over a commutative ring ''R'' with a bilinear product _ , _ satisfying the Leibniz ident ...

, an algebraic structure ** Dual Leibniz algebra * Madhava–Leibniz series ** Leibniz formula for π, an inefficient method for calculating π *

Leibniz formula for determinants In algebra, the Leibniz formula, named in honor of Gottfried Leibniz, expresses the determinant of a square matrix in terms of permutations of the matrix elements. If A is an n \times n matrix, where a_ is the entry in the i-th row and j-th column ...

, an expression for the determinant of a matrix * Leibniz harmonic triangle *

Leibniz integral rule In calculus, the Leibniz integral rule for differentiation under the integral sign, named after Gottfried Leibniz, states that for an integral of the form \int_^ f(x,t)\,dt, where -\infty < a(x), b(x) < \infty and the integral are

, a rule for differentiation under the integral sign ** Leibniz–Reynolds transport theorem, a generalization of the Leibniz integral rule * Leibniz's linear differential equation, a first-order, linear, inhomogeneous differential equation *

Leibniz's notation In calculus, Leibniz's notation, named in honor of the 17th-century German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, uses the symbols and to represent infinitely small (or infinitesimal) increments of and , respectively, just a ...

, a notation in calculus * Leibniz operator, a concept in abstract logic * '' Leibniz law'', see

product rule In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions. For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as (u \cdot v)' = u ' \cdot v ...

of calculus *

Leibniz rule Leibniz's rule (named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz) may refer to one of the following: * Product rule in differential calculus * General Leibniz rule, a generalization of the product rule * Leibniz integral rule * The alternating series test, al ...

, a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions **

General Leibniz rule In calculus, the general Leibniz rule, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, generalizes the product rule (which is also known as "Leibniz's rule"). It states that if f and g are n-times differentiable functions, then the product fg is also n-t ...

, a generalization of the product rule * Leibniz's test, also known as Leibniz's rule or Leibniz's criterion * Newton–Leibniz axiom In philosophy, the following concepts are attributed to Leibniz: * Leibniz's gap, a problem in the philosophy of mind * Leibniz's law, an ontological principle about objects' properties Additionally, the following are named after Leibniz: * 5149 Leibniz, an asteroid * Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek in Hanover, Germany *

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize (german: link=no, Förderpreis für deutsche Wissenschaftler im Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Programm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft), in short Leibniz Prize, is awarded by the German Research Foundation to ...

, a German research prize *

Leibnitz Leibnitz (Slovenian: ''Lipnica'') is a city in the Austrian state of Styria and on 1 Jan. 2017 had a population of 12,176. It is located to the south of the city of Graz, between the Mur and Sulm rivers. The town is the capital of the Leibni ...

, a lunar crater * The

Leibniz Association The Leibniz Association (German: ''Leibniz-Gemeinschaft'' or ''Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz'') is a union of German non-university research institutes from various disciplines. As of 2020, 96 non-university research insti ...

, a union of German research institutes * ''

The Leibniz Review ''The Leibniz Review'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to scholarly examination of Gottfried Leibniz's thought and work. It publishes contemporary articles and reviews, as well as original Leibniz texts. ''The Leibniz Review'' is spons ...

'', a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to scholarly examination of Gottfried Leibniz’s thought and work * Leibniz University of Hannover, a German university * Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies, a research institute located in Halle (Saale) *

Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) is a German research institute. It is the successor of the Berlin Observatory founded in 1700 and of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam (AOP) founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first o ...

, a German research institute in the area of astrophysics * Leibniz institute for molecular pharmacology, a research institute in the Leibniz Association * Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education at the University of Kiel, a scientific institute in the field of Education Research *

Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz . ( – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathema ...

, a research institute in the Leibniz Association * Leibniz Society of North America, a philosophical society whose purpose is to promote the study of the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz *

Leibniz-Keks The Leibniz-Keks or Choco Leibniz is a German brand of biscuit or cookie produced by the Bahlsen food company since 1891. It was created by the firm as a rival to a similar French biscuit, the Petit-Beurre. Name The brand name ''Leibniz'' com ...

, a German brand of biscuit *

Leibniz–Clarke correspondence The Leibniz–Clarke correspondence was a scientific, theological and philosophical debate conducted in an exchange of letters between the German thinker Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Samuel Clarke, an English supporter of Isaac Newton during the ...

, Leibniz' debate with the English philosopher Samuel Clarke *

Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy In the history of calculus, the calculus controversy (german: Prioritätsstreit, lit=priority dispute) was an argument between the mathematicians Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over who had first invented calculus. The question was a ...

, the debate over whether Leibniz or Isaac Newton invented calculus

References

{{Reflist Leibniz, Gottfried Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz