Lanthanosuchoidea is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

superfamily of ankyramorph

parareptile Parareptilia ("at the side of reptiles") is a subclass or clade of basal sauropsids (reptiles), typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains all living reptiles and birds). Parareptiles first arose near the ...

s from the middle Pennsylvanian to the middle

Guadalupian The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± ...

epoch In chronology and periodization, an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era. The "epoch" serves as a reference point from which time is measured. The moment of epoch is usually decided by ...

( Moscovian -

Wordian In the geologic timescale, the Wordian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the middle of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Wordian lasted between and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Roadian and fol ...

stages) of Europe,

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the C ...

and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

. It was named by the Russian paleontologist Ivachnenko in 1980, and it contains two families Acleistorhinidae and

Lanthanosuchidae Lanthanosuchidae is a family of procolophonomorph parareptile Parareptilia ("at the side of reptiles") is a subclass or clade of basal sauropsids (reptiles), typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains ...

Phylogeny

Lanthanosuchoidea is a

node-based taxon Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a '' type'', which ...

defined in 1997 as "the most recent common ancestor of ''

Lanthanosuchus ''Lanthanosuchus'' is an extinct genus of parareptile from the Late Permian. It was found at Isheevo in Tatarstan The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tət� ...

'', ''

Lanthaniscus ''Lanthaniscus'' is an extinct genus of lanthanosuchoid ankyramorph parareptile known from the Guadalupian epoch (Late Roadian to latest Wordian age) of Eastern Europe, Russia. ''Lanthaniscus'' was first named by M. F. Ivakhnenko in 1980 and ...

'', and '' Acleistorhinus''". The

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ...

below follows the topology from a 2011 analysis by Ruta ''et al.'' The

below follows the topology from a 2016 analysis by MacDougall ''et al.'' However, the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Cisneros ''et al.'' (2021) did not recover a clade uniting lanthanosuchids and acleistorhinids to the exclusion of all other parareptiles. Instead, acleistorhinids were recovered as the

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

of the clade Procolophonia, while lanthanosuchids were recovered within the procolophonian subgroup Pareiasauromorpha.

References

Procolophonomorphs Permian reptiles Prehistoric reptiles of Asia Prehistoric reptiles of Europe Prehistoric reptiles of North America {{Permian-reptile-stub