Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal (8 June 1761 – 9 November 1799), was a countess of

Schaumburg-Lippe Schaumburg-Lippe, also Lippe-Schaumburg, was created as a county in 1647, became a principality in 1807, a free state in 1918, and was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bück ...

, married in 1780 to Count Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. She served as the regent of Schaumburg-Lippe during the minority of her son from 1787 to 1799.

Life

Juliane was the daughter of Landgrave William of Hesse-Philippsthal (1726–1810) and his wife Ulrike Eleonore, Landgravine of

Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld This is a list of rulers of Hesse (german: Hessen) during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany. These rulers belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse and the House of Brabant,''Burke's Royal Families of the World ...

(1732–1795). She spent some of her youth in

's-Hertogenbosch s-Hertogenbosch (), colloquially known as Den Bosch (), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 157,486. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest by population. The city is south of th ...

, where her father served as a Dutch general. She received a German education. On 10 October 1780 she married in Philippsthal to Count Philip Ernest of Schaumburg-Lippe. Philipp Ernst, who was 57 years old at the time and already a widower, died after only seven years of marriage. Countess Juliane took up government, together with Count

Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn Johann Ludwig Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn (22 April 1736 in Hanover – 10 October 1811 in Hanover) was a German lieutenant-general and art collector. Life Wallmoden was an illegitimate son of George II of Great Britain by his mistress ...

as regent for her minor son George William. Immediately afterwards, Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel occupied Schaumburg-Lippe militarily, arguing it was a

fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...

of Hesse, and vacant after Philip II's death. With support from Hanover, Prussia and the Imperial Council, Juliane managed to achieve a rapid withdrawal of the Hessian troops. The Government of Juliane is considered extremely beneficial. She conducted thorough reforms of the economy and education, downsized the court, continued the tolerant policy towards the Jews her father-in-law had introduced and managed to cut taxes. She appointed Bernhard Christoph Faust as her personal physician, and helped him significantly with the introduction of the

smallpox Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus) which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) c ...

inoculation Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microorganism. It may refer to methods of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases, or it may be used to describe the spreading of disease, as in "self-inoculati ...

. Juliane initiated a redesign of Hagenburg Castle and she is considered the founder of the spa

Bad Eilsen Bad Eilsen (West Low German: ''Ahlsen'') is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately southwest of Stadthagen, and southeast of Minden. Bad Eilsen is also the seat of the ''Samtgemein ...

. She died after a severe cold and was buried in a mausoleum in the

Schaumburg Forest The Schaumburg Forest (german: Schaumburger Wald) is a wooded region, about with an area of around 40 km², in the district of Schaumburg in the German federal state of Lower Saxony. Location The Schaumburg Forest lies immediately east of ...

. Count von Wallmoden-Gimborn continued to act as a regent for her son.

Issue

*Countess Eleonore Luise (1781–1783) *Countess Wilhelmine Charlotte (1783–1858) *Count Georg Wilhelm (1784–1860) *Countess Karoline Luise (1786–1846)

Ancestors

References

* Otto Zaretzky: '' Juliane (Gräfin zu Schaumburg-Lippe)''. In: ''

Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB, german: Universal German Biography) is one of the most important and comprehensive biographical reference works in the German language. It was published by the Historical Commission of the Bavarian Aca ...

'' (ADB). Band 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, S. 810–813. * Horst-Rüdiger Jarck:
Juliane Wilhelmine Luise, Gräfin zu Schaumburg-Lippe
'. In: ''

Neue Deutsche Biographie ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' (''NDB''; literally ''New German Biography'') is a biographical reference work. It is the successor to the ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB, Universal German Biography). The 26 volumes published thus far cover ...

'' (NDB). Band 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, , S. 653 f. {{DEFAULTSORT:Juliane Of Hesse-Philippsthal 1761 births 1799 deaths 18th-century German people German countesses 18th-century women rulers Daughters of monarchs