The Lycée Condorcet () is a school founded in 1803 in Paris, France, located at 8, rue du Havre, in the city's 9th arrondissement. It is one of the four oldest high schools in Paris and also one of the most prestigious. Since its inception, various political eras have seen it given a number of different names, but its identity today honors the memory of the

Marquis de Condorcet Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (; 17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher and mathematician. His ideas, including support for a liberal economy, free and equal ...

. The school provides

secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final ph ...

as part of the

French education system Education in France is organized in a highly centralized manner, with many subdivisions. It is divided into the three stages of primary education (''enseignement primaire''), secondary education (''enseignement secondaire''), and higher educatio ...

Henri Bergson Henri-Louis Bergson (; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopherHenri Bergson. 2014. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 13 August 2014, from https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/61856/Henri-Bergson

, Horace Finaly,

Claude Lévi-Strauss Claude Lévi-Strauss (, ; 28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theories of structuralism and structural anthropology. He held the chair of Social Anthro ...

Marcel Proust Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (; ; 10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, critic, and essayist who wrote the monumental novel '' In Search of Lost Time'' (''À la recherche du temps perdu''; with the previous En ...

Francis Poulenc Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (; 7 January 189930 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist. His compositions include songs, solo piano works, chamber music, choral pieces, operas, ballets, and orchestral concert music. Among the best-kn ...

and

Paul Verlaine Paul-Marie Verlaine (; ; 30 March 1844 – 8 January 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement and the Decadent movement. He is considered one of the greatest representatives of the ''fin de siècle'' in international and F ...

are some of the students who attended the Lycée Condorcet. Some of the school's famous teachers include Jean Beaufret, Paul Bénichou,

Jean-Marie Guyau Jean-Marie Guyau (28 October 1854 – 31 March 1888) was a French philosopher and poet. Guyau was inspired by the philosophies of Epicurus, Epictetus, Plato, Immanuel Kant, Herbert Spencer, and Alfred Fouillée, and the poetry and literatur ...

Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialist, existentialism (and Phenomenology (philosophy), phenomenology), a French playwright, novelist, screenwriter ...

, and

Stéphane Mallarmé Stéphane Mallarmé ( , ; 18 March 1842 – 9 September 1898), pen name of Étienne Mallarmé, was a French poet and critic. He was a major French symbolist poet, and his work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools of t ...

History

During the greater part of the nineteenth century, the school was the "great Liberal High School" on the right bank with its relatively flexible regime that was chosen by the progressive bourgeoisie for its sons. It is among the few schools in Paris that never had students as boarders: students who were not living with their parents worked, ate and slept in the neighbourhood via a network of "maitres de pension". The mix has gradually emerged in 1924 for preparatory classes for the

grandes écoles Grandes may refer to: * Agustín Muñoz Grandes, Spanish general and politician * Banksia ser. Grandes, a series of plant species native to Australia * Grandes y San Martín, a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spa ...

, and 1975 for secondary classes. Over the course of its history the school has changed name several times: * Lycée de la Chaussée d’Antin (1804) * Lycée impérial Bonaparte (1805 – 1814) * Collège royal de Bourbon (July 1815 – February 1848) * Lycée impérial Bonaparte (1848 – 1870) * Lycée Condorcet (22 October 1870 – 1874) * Lycée Fontane (1 May 1874 – 27 January 1883) * Lycée Condorcet (since 1883) Preparatory classes are also very old and were treated to famous teachers such as Jean-Paul Sartre.

Academics

Reputation and rankings

Notable teachers

Notable alumni

File:President Sadi Carnot.jpg, 5th President of France Sadi Carnot File:Jean Casimir-Perier (cropped).jpg, 6th President of France Jean Casimir-Perier File:Portrait officiel P. Deschanel.jpg, 11th President of France Paul Deschanel File:Baodai2.jpg, 13th Emperor of Vietnam

Bảo Đại Bảo Đại (, vi-hantu, , lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 191331 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy (), was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was em ...

File:Georges-Eugène Haussmann - BNF Gallica.jpg, 12th Prefect of

Seine The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plate ...

and architect

Georges-Eugène Haussmann Georges-Eugène Haussmann, commonly known as Baron Haussmann (; 27 March 180911 January 1891), was a French official who served as prefect of Seine (1853–1870), chosen by Emperor Napoleon III to carry out a massive urban renewal programme of n ...

File:André Tardieu 1928.jpg, 67th Prime Minister of France André Tardieu File:André Citroën 1932.jpg, Founder of

Citroën Citroën () is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded in March 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën is owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired ...

, André Citroën File:Louis Renault en 1918.jpg, Founder of

Renault Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufacture ...

, Louis Renault File:Dassault Marcel.jpg, Founder of

Dassault Aviation Dassault Aviation SA () is a French manufacturer of military aircraft and business jets. It was founded in 1929 by Marcel Bloch as Société des Avions Marcel Bloch or "MB". After World War II, Marcel Bloch changed his name to Marcel D ...

, Marcel Dassault File:Marcel proust 2.jpg, Novelist and Critic

File:Paul Verlaine.jpeg, Poet

File:Henri Bergson (Nobel).jpg,

File:Jean-Martin Charcot.jpg, Neurologist

Jean-Martin Charcot Jean-Martin Charcot (; 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He worked on hypnosis and hysteria, in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes. Charcot is known a ...

File:Lanza.jpg,

Lanza del Vasto Lanza del Vasto (born Giuseppe Giovanni Luigi Maria Enrico Lanza di Trabia-Branciforte; 29 September 1901 – 6 January 1981) was an Italian philosopher, poet, artist, Catholic and nonviolent activist. He was born in San Vito dei Normanni, ...

File:Raymond Aron (1966).jpg,

Raymond Aron Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron (; 14 March 1905 – 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, historian and journalist, one of France's most prominent thinkers of the 20th century. Aron is best known for his ...

File:Louis de Funès — L'Homme orchestre (1970) (recadré).jpg , Actor

Louis de Funès Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza (; 31 July 1914 – 27 January 1983) was a French actor and comedian. He is France's favourite actor, according to a series of polls conducted since the late 1960s, having played over 150 roles in fil ...

File:Serge Gainsbourg par Claude Truong-Ngoc 1981 Upright.jpg, Actor

Serge Gainsbourg Serge Gainsbourg (; born Lucien Ginsburg; 2 April 1928 – 2 March 1991) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, actor, author and filmmaker. Regarded as one of the most important figures in French pop, he was renowned for often provoc ...

File:Félix Nadar 1820-1910 Alfred de Vigny.jpg, Leader of French

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

Alfred de Vigny File:Paul Valéry - photo Henri Manuel.jpg,

Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, mu ...

File:Félix Nadar 1820-1910 Portrait de Théodore de Banville.jpg, Théodore de Banville File:Boris Vian - WIKI retouched.jpg,

Boris Vian Boris Vian (; 10 March 1920 – 23 June 1959) was a French polymath: writer, poet, musician, singer, translator, critic, actor, inventor and engineer who is primarily remembered for his novels. Those published under the pseudonym Vernon Sulliva ...

File:Jules Romains-crop.jpg, Poet and Writer

Jules Romains Jules Romains (born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule; 26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972) was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play ''Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine'', and a cycle ...

, Founder of Unanimism *

Abdoulaye Wade Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926)
Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved February 28, ...

Alain Frontier Alain may refer to: People * Alain (given name), common given name, including list of persons and fictional characters with the name * Alain (surname) * "Alain", a pseudonym for cartoonist Daniel Brustlein * Alain, a standard author abbreviation u ...

* Alain Gillot-Petré * Alain Krivine *

Albert Lautman Albert Lautman (8 February 1908 – 1 August 1944) was a French philosopher of mathematics, born in Paris. An escaped prisoner of war, was shot by the Nazi authorities in Toulouse on 1 August 1944. Family His father was a Jewish emigrant fro ...

* Albert-Marie de Monléon *

Alexandre Dumas fils Alexandre Dumas (; 27 July 1824 – 27 November 1895) was a French author and playwright, best known for the romantic novel '' La Dame aux Camélias'' (''The Lady of the Camellias''), published in 1848, which was adapted into Giuseppe Verdi' ...

* Alexandre Stavisky * Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart *

Alfred Grosser Alfred Grosser (born 1 February 1925 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German-French writer, sociologist, and political scientist. He is known for his contributions towards the Franco-German cooperation after World War II and for criticizing Israel. E ...

* André Antoine * André Siegfried *

Anne Chopinet Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in th ...

Antoine Charma Antoine is a French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, West Greenland, Haiti, French Guiana ...

* Aurélien Lugné, dit Lugné-Poe * Barbara Cassin * Bernard Blier * Carlos Raúl Villanueva *

Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (; 23 December 1804 – 13 October 1869) was a French literary critic. Early life He was born in Boulogne, educated there, and studied medicine at the Collège Charlemagne in Paris (1824–27). In 1828, he se ...

* Charles de Montalembert * Christophe Bourseiller *

* Clémence Ramnoux * Daniel Buren * Daniel Halévy * David Kessler * Dominique Lapierre * Edmond de Goncourt * Édouard Brézin *

Édouard de Rothschild Édouard Étienne Alphonse de Rothschild (; born 27 December 1957) is a businessman and part of the French branch of the Rothschild family. Early life and education Édouard de Rothschild was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine. He is the s ...

* Edouard Drumont *

Édouard Vuillard Jean-Édouard Vuillard (; 11 November 186821 June 1940) was a French painter, decorative artist and printmaker. From 1891 through 1900, he was a prominent member of the Nabis, making paintings which assembled areas of pure color, and interior s ...

Édouard-Alfred Martel Édouard-Alfred Martel (1 July 1859, Pontoise, Val-d'Oise – 3 June 1938, Montbrison), the 'father of modern speleology', was a world pioneer of cave exploration, study, and documentation. Martel explored thousands of caves in his native Fra ...

* Émile Javal * Émile Taufflieb * Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie * Eric Walter, dit

Hector Obalk In Greek mythology, Hector (; grc, Ἕκτωρ, Hektōr, label=none, ) is a character in Homer's Iliad. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy during the Trojan War. Hector led the Trojans and their allies in the defense o ...

* Etienne Guyon * Eugène Labiche * Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis *

Eugène Sue Marie-Joseph "Eugène" Sue (; 26 January 18043 August 1857) was a French novelist. He was one of several authors who popularized the genre of the serial novel in France with his very popular and widely imitated ''The Mysteries of Paris'', whic ...

Fabien Lévy Fabien Lévy (born 11 December 1968) is a French composer. Biography Lévy was born in Paris, France. After having been a jazz pianist, he studied composition with Gérard Grisey, orchestration with Marc–André Dalbavie and ethnomusicology w ...

* Félix d'Hérelle *

Félix Nadar Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910), known by the pseudonym Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist, balloonist, and proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first perso ...

* Ferdinand Buisson * Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy *

Geneviève Rodis-Lewis Genevieve (french: link=no, Sainte Geneviève; la, Sancta Genovefa, Genoveva; 419/422 AD – 502/512 AD) is the patroness saint of Paris in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Her feast is on 3 January. Genevieve was born in Nanterre an ...

* Georges Perros * Georges Vésier *

Gérard Gachet Gérard (French: ) is a French masculine given name and surname of Germanic origin, variations of which exist in many Germanic and Romance languages. Like many other early Germanic names, it is dithematic, consisting of two meaningful constitu ...

Gilbert Cesbron Gilbert Cesbron (13 January 1913, Paris – 12 August 1979, Paris) was a French novelist. Biography Gilbert Cesbron (13 January 1913, Paris – 12 August 1979, Paris) was a French novelist. Born in Paris, Cesbron attended what is now known a ...

* Gilbert Grandval * Gustave Bloch *

Guy de Rothschild Baron Guy Édouard Alphonse Paul de Rothschild (; 21 May 1909 – 12 June 2007) was a French banker and member of the Rothschild family. He owned the bank Rothschild Frères from 1967 to 1979, when it was nationalized by the French government, an ...

Henri Cartier-Bresson Henri Cartier-Bresson (; 22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004) was a French humanist photographer considered a master of candid photography, and an early user of 35mm film. He pioneered the genre of street photography, and viewed photography as c ...

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Comte Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901) was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist and illustrator whose immersion in the colourful and theatrical life of Paris in the l ...

* Henri Hauser *

Henri Langlois Henri Langlois (; 13 November 1914 – 13 January 1977) was a French film archivist and cinephile. A pioneer of film preservation, Langlois was an influential figure in the history of cinema. His film screenings in Paris in the 1950s are often ...

* Henri Pescarolo * Henri Rabaud *

Henri Schneider Henri Adolphe Eugène Schneider (18 December 1840 – 17 May 1898) was a French businessman and politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889 to 1898. Henri Schneider was born in Le Creusot, rural France. His father, Eug ...

* Hippolyte Taine * Horace Finaly *

Jacques Copeau Jacques Copeau (; 4 February 1879 – 20 October 1949) was a French Theatre, theatre director, producer, actor, and dramatist. Before he founded the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Paris, he wrote theatre reviews for several Parisian journ ...

Jacques de Reinach Baron Jacob Adolphe Reinach (17 April 1840 – 19 November 1892), known as Jacques de Reinach was a French banker of Jewish German origin, involved in many major financial deals before being brought down by the Panama scandals. He was the son o ...

Jacques Dutronc Jacques Dutronc (born 28 April 1943) is a French singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer, and actor. He married singer Françoise Hardy on 30 March 1981 and together they have a son (manouche jazz) guitarist Thomas Dutronc, born 1973); they se ...

* Jacques Laurent * Jean Balladur *

Jean Béraud Jean Béraud (; January 12, 1849 – October 4, 1935) was a French painter renowned for his numerous paintings depicting the life of Paris, and the nightlife of Paris society. Pictures of the Champs Elysees, cafés, Montmartre and the banks of ...

Jean Cocteau Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (, , ; 5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost creatives of the s ...

Jean de Baroncelli Jean de Baroncelli (25 March 1914 - 31 July 1998) was a French writer. Having achieved some success as a novelist, in 1953 he became a film critic, contributing regularly for Le Monde till 1983. Life Marie Joseph Henri Jean de Baroncelli was b ...

* Jean Dieudonné * Jean Hugo * Jean Marais * Jean Nohain * Jean-Barthélemy Hauréau * Jean-Claude Delafon * Jean-Claude Trichet *

Jean-Dominique Bauby Jean-Dominique Bauby (; 23 April 1952 – 9 March 1997) was a French journalist, author and editor of the French fashion magazine '' Elle''. Early life and career Bauby was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, and grew up in the 1st arron ...

Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac CBE (22 January 1917 – 8 April 2015) was a French journalist, a member of the French resistance and a historian. During World War II he directed the Free French propaganda radio broadcasts to Europe. After the wa ...

Jean-Luc Marion Jean-Luc Marion (born 3 July 1946) is a French philosopher and Roman Catholic theologian. Marion is a former student of Jacques Derrida whose work is informed by patristic and mystical theology, phenomenology, and modern philosophy.Horner 2 ...

Jean-Pierre Ceytaire Jean-Pierre Ceytaire (born May 26, 1946 in Paris) is a French painter exhibiting his work since 1983. Biography Born and raised in Montmartre, his schooling bring him to a degree in physical therapy, which he practiced for fifteen years. Jea ...

* Jean-Pierre Petit * Joseph Caillaux *

Joseph Reinach Joseph Reinach (30 September 1856 – 18 April 1921) was a French author and politician. Biography He was born in Paris. His two brothers Salomon Reinach and Théodore Reinach would later be known in the field of archaeology. After studying at Ly ...

* Jules de Goncourt * Jules Laforgue *

Jules Vallès Jules Vallès (11 June 1832 – 14 February 1885) was a French journalist, author, and left-wing political activist. Early life Vallès was born in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire. His father was a supervisor of studies (''pion''), later a ...

* Ker-Xavier Roussel *

Laurent Broomhead Laurent Broomhead (born 5 February 1954) is a French radio and television broadcaster and producer, specialized in science and health. As a horse riding enthusiast, he owns and raises thoroughbreds. Biography Laurent Broomhead was born in Paris ...

* Léon Brunschvicg * Léon Noël * Louis-François-Clement Breguet * Les trois frères Reinach :

Joseph Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the m ...

, Salomon et Théodore *

Madeleine Michelis Madeleine Michelis (22 August 1913 – 15 or 16 February 1944) was a French teacher and a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War. Early life Michelis was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine; her father was an Italian cobbler and h ...

Marcel Brillouin Louis Marcel Brillouin (; 19 December 1854 – 16 June 1948) was a French physicist and mathematician. Born in Saint-Martin-lès-Melle, Deux-Sèvres, France, his father was a painter who moved to Paris when Marcel was a boy. There he at ...

* Marcel Cohen *

Maurice Denis Maurice Denis (; 25 November 1870 – 13 November 1943) was a French painter, decorative artist, and writer. An important figure in the transitional period between impressionism and modern art, he is associated with ''Les Nabis'', symbolism, a ...

* Maxime Le Forestier * Michel Dubost * Michel Field * Michel Habib-Deloncle *

Michel Maurice-Bokanowski Michel Maurice-Bokanowski (6 November 1912 – 3 May 2005) was a French politician of Polish descent. He was Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in 1960–62 and Minister of Industry in 1962–66. He was a Senator from 1968 to 1995. Early yea ...

* Monique Canto-Sperber *

Nathalie Rihouet Nathalie is a female given name. It is a variant of the name Natalie/ Natalia which is found in many languages, and is especially common in French and English speaking countries. Notable people with the name include: * Nathalie, Italian singer * ...

* Olivier Guichard * Patrice Duhamel * Patrick Devedjian * Paul Leroy-Beaulieu * Paul Sérusier * Philippe BouvardPhilippe Bouvard, « J’ai découvert la lutte des classes dans la cour de récréation », rubrique « Le bloc-notes », in '' Le Figaro Magazine'', semaine du 17 mai 2013, page 138. *

Philippe Chabasse Philippe is a masculine sometimes feminin given name, cognate to Philip. It may refer to: * Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present) * Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer * Prince Philippe, Count ...

* Pierre Bénichou * Pierre Bonnard *

Pierre Corvol Pierre Corvol (born 18 August 1941 in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French doctor and biology researcher. He was director of the Collège de France from 2006 to August 2012. Early life and education Corvol studied at the Lycée Condorcet in Pari ...

Pierre Émile Levasseur Pierre Émile Levasseur, 3rd Baron Levasseur (8 December 1828 – 10 July 1911), was a French economist, historian, Professor of geography, history and statistics in the Collège de France, at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers and a ...

Pierre Lazareff Pierre Lazareff (1907–1972) was a French newspaper editor and publisher. He was the son of a Russian Jewish emigrant, David Lazareff, and an Alsatian Jew, Marthe Helft. He was passionate about newspapers from his childhood, even running a fami ...

* Pierre Lellouche * Pierre Louis-Dreyfus * Pierre Manent * Pierre Michel *

Pierre Moscovici Pierre Moscovici (, ; born 16 September 1957) is a French politician who served as the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs from 2014 to 2019. He previously served as Minister of Finance from 2012 to ...

Pierre-Jean Rémy Pierre-Jean Rémy is the pen-name of Jean-Pierre Angremy (21 March 1937 – 28 April 2010) who was a French diplomat, novelist, and essayist. He was elected to the Académie française on 16 June 1988, and won the 1986 Grand Prix du roman de l'Ac ...

* Pierre-Oscar Lévy * Régis Messac *

René de Obaldia René de Obaldia (22 October 1918 – 27 January 2022) was a French playwright and poet. He was elected to the Académie française on 24 June 1999. Biography He was the great-grandson of José Domingo de Obaldía, the second President of Pana ...

* René Ghil * René Rémond * Robert Aron * Robert de Flers * Robert Proust * Roger Ikor * Roger Martin du Gard *

Roger Perelman Roger is a given name, usually masculine, and a surname. The given name is derived from the Old French personal names ' and '. These names are of Germanic languages, Germanic origin, derived from the elements ', ''χrōþi'' ("fame", "renown", " ...

Roland Castro (architecte) Roland Castro (16 October 1940 – 9 March 2023) was a French architect and political activist. Biography Roland Castro was born in Limoges on 16 October 1940. By the end of 1966 he was a member of the editorial committee of ''Melp!'', the É ...

* Roland Moreno * Romain Coolus * Romain Goupil * Romain Thomas, dit Lhéritier * Serge Doubrovsky * Thomas Fersen * Tristan Bernard * Victor Schœlcher *

William Carlos Williams William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was an American poet, writer, and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both ped ...

References

External links

Official website
{{Authority control Educational institutions established in 1803 Buildings and structures in the 9th arrondissement of Paris 1803 establishments in France