''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.Tropicos, ''Sideroxylon'' L.
/ref> They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning " iron", and ξύλον (''xylon''), meaning "wood."

Distribution

The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America, but also in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands. Some species, such as gum bully ('' S. lanuginosum''), '' S. tenax'', and buckthorn bully ('' S. lycioides''), are found in

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

areas of

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. The only South African species, the white milkwood ('' S. inerme''), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.

Ecology

Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The Tambalacoque ('' S. grandiflorum'',

syn. The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...

''Calvaria major'') of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (''Raphus cucullatus'') for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct. Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

, such as the bumelia webworm moth ('' Urodus parvula'') as well as several species of

Coleoptera Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...

of the genus ''

Plinthocoelium ''Plinthocoelium'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. Species This genus includes the following species: * ''Plinthocoelium chilensis'' (Blanchard in Gay, 1851) – Western Mexico (Chiapas, Durango, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonor ...

'', commonly known as

bumelia borers ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", ...

Species

;Accepted species * ''

Sideroxylon acunae ''Sideroxylon acunae'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is Endemism, endemic to Cuba. References

Endemic flora of Cuba Sideroxylon, acunae Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Sapotaceae-stub ...

'' - Cuba * '' Sideroxylon alachuense'' - Florida * '' Sideroxylon altamiranoi'' - Hidalgo,

Querétaro Querétaro (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Querétaro, links=no; Otomi language, Otomi: ''Hyodi Ndämxei''), is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. I ...

* '' Sideroxylon americanum'' - Yucatan, West Indies * ''

Sideroxylon anomalum ''Sideroxylon anomalum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater A ...

'' - Barahona * '' Sideroxylon beguei'' - Madagascar * '' Sideroxylon bequaertii'' - Zaïre * ''

Sideroxylon betsimisarakum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Madagascar * ''

Sideroxylon borbonicum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' -

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

* ''

Sideroxylon boutonianum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Mauritius * '' Sideroxylon bullatum'' - Jamaica * ''

Sideroxylon canariense ''Sideroxylon canariense'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae. It It is endemic to the Canary Islands. Description ''S. canariense'' is an evergreen tree that grows up to 10 meters in height. Distribution and habitat ''S. ...

'' - Canary Is * '' Sideroxylon cantoniense'' - SE China * ''

Sideroxylon capiri ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Mesoamerica, West Indies * '' Sideroxylon capuronii'' - Madagascar * ''

Sideroxylon cartilagineum ''Sideroxylon cartilagineum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered t ...

'' -

Sinaloa Sinaloa (), officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Sinaloa ( en, Free and Sovereign State of Sinaloa), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is d ...

Jalisco Jalisco (, , ; Nahuatl: Xalixco), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco ; Nahuatl: Tlahtohcayotl Xalixco), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal En ...

, Guerrero * '' Sideroxylon celastrinum'' - Texas, Mesoamerica,

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

, Venezuela, Cuba, Bahamas * '' Sideroxylon cinereum'' - Mauritius * ''

Sideroxylon contrerasii ''Sideroxylon contrerasii'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is found in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, and Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), ...

'' - Mesoamerica * ''

Sideroxylon cubense ''Sideroxylon cubense'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is native to Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, the Leeward Islands, and Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the C ...

'' - West Indies * ''

Sideroxylon discolor ''Spiniluma discolor'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Socotra. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest ...

'' - Socotra * ''

Sideroxylon dominicanum ''Sideroxylon dominicanum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of th ...

'' - Dominican Rep * '' Sideroxylon durifolium'' -

Chiapas Chiapas (; Tzotzil language, Tzotzil and Tzeltal language, Tzeltal: ''Chyapas'' ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, ...

, Belize * '' Sideroxylon ekmanianum'' - Cuba * ''

Sideroxylon eriocarpum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Oaxaca * '' Sideroxylon eucoriaceum'' - Veracruz,

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

* ''

Sideroxylon eucuneifolium ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", ...

'' -

* ''

Sideroxylon excavatum ''Sideroxylon excavatum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Guerrero and Oaxaca states in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of Nort ...

'' - Guerrero, Oaxaca * '' Sideroxylon fimbriatum'' - Socotra * ''

Sideroxylon floribundum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica * ''

Sideroxylon foetidissimum ''Sideroxylon foetidissimum'', commonly known as false mastic or yellow mastic, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is native to Florida in the United States, the Caribbean, and northern Central America Central Am ...

'' - West Indies, S Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Florida * '' Sideroxylon galeatum'' -

Rodrigues Rodrigues (french: Île Rodrigues, link=yes ; Creole: ) is a autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which include Mauritius and Réunion. Rodr ...

* ''

Sideroxylon gerrardianum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Madagascar * '' Sideroxylon grandiflorum'' - Mauritius * '' Sideroxylon hirtiantherum'' -

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

* '' Sideroxylon horridum'' - Cuba, Cayman Is * '' Sideroxylon ibarrae'' - Baja Verapaz * '' Sideroxylon inerme'' - Africa (from Somalia to Cape Province),

Aldabra Aldabra is the world's second-largest coral atoll, lying south-east of the continent of Africa. It is part of the Aldabra Group of islands in the Indian Ocean that are part of the Outer Islands of the Seychelles, with a distance of 1,120 k ...

, Juan de Nova I * '' Sideroxylon jubilla'' - Cuba * ''

Sideroxylon lanuginosum ''Sideroxylon lanuginosum'' is a shrub or small tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is native to the Sun Belt and Midwest of the United States as well as Northeastern Mexico. Common names include gum bully, black haw, chittamwood, chittimwood, s ...

'' – - United States ( AZ to SC + KY), NE Mexico * '' Sideroxylon leucophyllum'' - Baja California,

Sonora Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora ( en, Free and Sovereign State of Sonora), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is d ...

* ''

Sideroxylon lycioides ''Sideroxylon lycioides'', the buckthorn bully, is a small tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is widely distributed in the southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast or simply the ...

'' – buckthorn bully - United States ( TX to DE) * ''

Sideroxylon macrocarpum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Georgia * ''

Sideroxylon majus ''Sideroxylon majus'' is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae, endemic to Réunion. See also * ''Sideroxylon grandiflorum'', the dodo tree, a species native to Mauritius, that has been confounded with ''Sideroxylon majus'' (particularly it ...

* ''

Sideroxylon marginatum ''Sideroxylon marginatum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands, where it is a mesophytic species whose habitat is now limited to steep escarpments and inaccessible places. It is threat ...

'' -

Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

* '' Sideroxylon mascatense'' - from Ethiopia to Pakistan * ''

Sideroxylon mirmulans ''Sideroxylon mirmulans'', commonly known as marmulano, is a species of flowering plants in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to the Madeira Islands (Portugal). It is threatened by habitat loss. Description It is an evergreen high tree. Its ...

'' -

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

* ''

Sideroxylon moaense ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Cuba * ''

Sideroxylon montanum ''Sideroxylon montanum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural hab ...

'' - Jamaica * '' Sideroxylon nadeaudii'' - Tahiti * '' Sideroxylon nervosum'' -

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

* '' Sideroxylon obovatum'' - West Indies, Venezuela * '' Sideroxylon obtusifolium'' - from Veracruz to Paraguay * ''

Sideroxylon occidentale ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Baja California,

* ''

Sideroxylon octosepalum ''Sideroxylon octosepalum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antil ...

'' - Clarendon * '' Sideroxylon oxyacanthum'' - Ethiopia,

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

, Saudi Arabia * '' Sideroxylon palmeri'' - Mexico * ''

Sideroxylon peninsulare ''Sideroxylon peninsulare'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to two spots on the southern end of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur Baja California Sur (; 'South Lower California'), officially the Free and S ...

'' - Baja California * '' Sideroxylon persimile'' - Mesoamerica,

, Venezuela, Trinidad * ''

Sideroxylon picardae ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' -

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...

* ''

Sideroxylon polynesicum ''Sideroxylon polynesicum'', the ''keahi'' or island nesoluma, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is found in the Cook (New Zealand), Tubuai ( French Polynesia), and Hawaiian Islands (United States). It is threatened ...

'' - Hawaii,

Rapa-Iti Rapa, also called Rapa Iti, or "Little Rapa", to distinguish it from Easter Island, whose Polynesian name is Rapa Nui, is the largest and only inhabited island of the Bass Islands (French Polynesia), Bass Islands in French Polynesia. An older n ...

* ''

Sideroxylon portoricense ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Mesoamerica, Greater Antilles * '' Sideroxylon puberulum'' - Mauritius * ''

Sideroxylon reclinatum ''Sideroxylon reclinatum'', the Florida bully, is a small tree in the family Sapotaceae. It occurs locally in the southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast or simply the Southeas ...

'' - United States ( LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC) * '' Sideroxylon repens'' -

* ''

Sideroxylon retinerve ''Sideroxylon retinerve'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Gua ...

'' -

* '' Sideroxylon rotundifolium'' - Jamaica * '' Sideroxylon rubiginosum'' - Dominican Rep * ''

Sideroxylon salicifolium ''Sideroxylon salicifolium'', commonly called white bully or willow bustic, is a species of flowering plant native to Florida, the West Indies and Central America. It has also been considered a member of the genus ''Dipholis'', with the binomial ...

'' - West Indies, Mesoamerica, Florida * '' Sideroxylon saxorum'' - Madagascar * '' Sideroxylon sessiliflorum'' - Mauritius * ''

Sideroxylon socorrense ''Sideroxylon socorrense'' is a plant species in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Mexico, occurring only on Socorro in the Revillagigedo Islands. On its island home, this small tree grows in habitat that is at least seasonally humid. Thi ...

'' - Socorro I * ''

Sideroxylon st-johnianum ''Sideroxylon st-johnianum'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Henderson Island, Pitcairn. Having been described first as ''Nesoluma st-johnianum'' (1938), this species was transferred to the genus ''Sideroxylon ...

'' - Henderson I * '' Sideroxylon stenospermum'' - Mesoamerica * ''

Sideroxylon stevensonii ''Sideroxylon stevensonii'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is found in Belize and Guatemala. The faisán or pheasant zapote is a large tree of the Mopan river region of Belize. It is used primarily for lumber. Latex from th ...

'' -

, Belize,

* '' Sideroxylon tambolokoko'' - Madagascar * '' Sideroxylon tenax'' - United States ( FL, GA, SC, NC) * ''

Sideroxylon tepicense ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' - Mesoamerica * '' Sideroxylon thornei'' (Cronquist) T.D.Penn. - USA ( FL, GA, AL)Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, ''Sideroxylon thornei''
/ref> * '' Sideroxylon verruculosum'' - Mexico * ''

Sideroxylon wightianum ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", ...

'' - Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Vietnam

Formerly placed here

* ''

Argania spinosa ''Argania'' (Tashelhit: ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ ''Argan'') is a genus of flowering plants containing the sole species ''Argania spinosa'', known as argan, a tree endemic to the calcareous semidesert Sous valley of southwestern Morocco and to the regi ...

'' (as ''S. spinosum'' ) * ''

Micropholis acutangula ''Micropholis'' is group of trees in the family (biology), family Sapotaceae, described as a genus in 1891. (2001): World Checklist of Sapotaceae &ndash''Micropholis'' The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2008-DEC-2 ...

'' (as ''S. acutangulum'' ) * ''

Micropholis crassipedicellata ''Micropholis crassipedicellata'' is a species of tree in the family Sapotaceae. The plant is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in southeastern Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss a ...

'' (as ''S. crassipedicellatum'' ) * ''

Micropholis guyanensis ''Micropholis'' is group of trees in the family Sapotaceae, described as a genus in 1891. (2001): World Checklist of Sapotaceae &ndash''Micropholis'' The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2008-DEC-24. These trees a ...

'' (as ''S. guyanense'' ) * '' Micropholis rugosa'' (as ''S. rugosum'' ) * ''

Olinia ventosa ''Olinia ventosa'', commonly known as the hard-pear. is a large, evergreen forest tree indigenous to South Africa. Appearance The hard-pear is a large tree that usually grows to 15–20 meters in height. When exposed to harsh conditions, it f ...

'' (as ''S. cymosum'' ) * '' Planchonella australis'' (as ''S. australe'' ) * '' Planchonella costata'' (as ''S. costatum'' ) * ''

Planchonella eerwah ''Pouteria eerwah'' is a rare species of Australian rainforest tree in the family Sapotaceae. Common names include shiny-leaved condoo, black plum and wild apple. It is endemic to south eastern Queensland, with a restricted distribution and re ...

'' (as ''S. eerwah'' ) * ''

Pouteria elegans ''Pouteria'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees in the gutta-percha family (biology), family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical regions of the world. It includes the canistel (''Pouteria campechiana, P. campe ...

'' (as ''S. elegans'' ) * ''

Pouteria macrantha ''Pouteria'' is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical regions of the world. It includes the canistel ('' P. campechiana''), the mamey sapote ('' P. sapota''), and the lu ...

'' (as ''S. macranthum'' ) * '' Pouteria sapota'' (as ''S. sapota ) * ''

Pouteria reticulata ''Pouteria'' is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical regions of the world. It includes the canistel ('' P. campechiana''), the mamey sapote ('' P. sapota''), and the ...

'' (as ''S. uniloculare'' ) * '' Synsepalum dulcificum'' (as ''S. dulcificum'' )

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1067086 Sapotaceae genera