The lyceum is a category of
educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities. They provide a large variety of learning environments an ...
defined within the
education system
The educational system generally refers to the structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country. It includes all pre-school institutions, starting from family education, and/or early childhood education ...
of many countries, mainly in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of
secondary school
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...
.
Generally in that type of school the things that are taught are basic science and also in some part of that type of schools, some introduction to specific kind of jobs also may be done.
History
''Lyceum'' is a
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
rendering of the
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...
(), the name of a ''
gymnasium'' in
Classical Athens
The city of Athens ( grc, Ἀθῆναι, ''Athênai'' .tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯ Modern Greek: Αθήναι, ''Athine'' or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα, ''Athina'' .'θi.na during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC) wa ...
dedicated to
Apollo Lyceus
The Apollo Lyceus ( el, Ἀπόλλων Λύκειος, ''Apollōn Lukeios'') type, also known as Lycean Apollo, originating with Praxiteles and known from many full-size statue and figurine copies as well as from 1st century BCE Athenian coinage ...
.
This original lyceum is remembered as the location of the
peripatetic school
The Peripatetic school was a school of philosophy in Ancient Greece. Its teachings derived from its founder, Aristotle (384–322 BC), and ''peripatetic'' is an adjective ascribed to his followers.
The school dates from around 335 BC when Aristo ...
of
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
. Some countries derive the name for their modern schools from the Latin but use the Greek name for the ancient school: for example, Dutch has (ancient) and (modern), both rendered ''lyceum'' in English (note that in classical Latin the ''C'' in was always pronounced as a ''K'', not a soft ''C'', as in modern English).
The name ''
lycée
In France, secondary education is in two stages:
* ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15.
* ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between ...
'' was retrieved and utilized by
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
in 1802 to name the main secondary education establishments. From France the name spread in many countries influenced by French culture.
By country
Asia
India
The Goa Lyceum () in
Panaji
Panaji (; also known as Panjim) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa and the headquarters of North Goa district. Previously, it was the territorial capital of the former Portuguese India. It lies on the banks of the Mandovi river estuary ...
,
Goa
Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the ...
– established in 1854, following the Portuguese model – was the first public secondary school in the state, then a Portuguese territory. Later, the Goa Lyceum received the official title of (
Afonso de Albuquerque
Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa (; – 16 December 1515) was a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman. He served as viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515, during which he expanded Portuguese influence across the Indian Ocean ...
National Lyceum).
Philippines
The Philippines follows its version of the
K-12
K-1 is a professional kickboxing promotion established in 1993, well known worldwide mainly for its heavyweight division fights and Grand Prix tournaments. In January 2012, K-1 Global Holdings Limited, a company registered in Hong Kong, acquired ...
system, where the term ''junior high school'' might be used instead of ''lyceum''. However, there are schools that appropriate the word ''lyceum'' in their name. The
Lyceum of the Philippines University
Lyceum of the Philippines University ( fil, Pamantasang Liseo ng Pilipinas) also referred to by its acronym LPU is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational higher education institution located at intramuros in the City of Manila, Philippines. ...
(LPU) is a university in
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
established by former wartime president
José P. Laurel
José Paciano Laurel y García (; March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the president of the Japanese-occupied Second Philippine Republic, a puppet state during World War II, from 1943 ...
. Among its notable alumni are current president
Rodrigo Duterte
Rodrigo Roa Duterte (, ; born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson ...
, popular author
Rene Villanueva Rene O. Villanueva (September 22, 1954 – December 5, 2007) was a Filipino playwright and author. He is famed for his deep involvement in theater and television and in children's literature, whether it be on television, in books or on stage.
...
, and actor
Cesar Montano
Cesar Manhilot (born August 1, 1962), known professionally as Cesar Montano (), is a Filipino actor, film producer and film director.
Montano started in show business as a commercial model. . LPU has campuses in Makati, Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, and Davao.
The
Filipino
Filipino may refer to:
* Something from or related to the Philippines
** Filipino language, standardized variety of 'Tagalog', the national language and one of the official languages of the Philippines.
** Filipinos, people who are citizens of th ...
word for lyceum is from Spanish which can be found in some names of various universities and educational institutions which are unaffiliated with LPU.
Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
Lyceums also emerged in the former Soviet Union countries after they became independent. One typical example is Uzbekistan, where all high schools were replaced with lyceums ( is the Russian term, derived from French ), offering a three-year educational program with a certain major in a certain direction. Unlike Turkey, Uzbek lyceums do not hold university entrance examinations, which gives students the right to enter a university, but they hold a kind of mock examination which is designed to test their eligibility for a certain university.
Europe
Albania
The
Albanian National Lyceum
The Albanian National Lyceum ( sq, Liceu Kombëtar i Korçës or Liceu Francez) was a high school in the city of Korçë, Albania, fully financed by the Albanian government, but that emphasized the French culture and the European values. The schoo ...
was a high school in the city of
Korçë
Korçë (; sq-definite, Korça) is the eighth most populous city of the Republic of Albania and the seat of Korçë County and Korçë Municipality. The total population is 75,994 (2011 census), in a total area of . It stands on a plateau some ...
,
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
, that emphasized French culture and European values. The school fully functioned with a French cultural emphasis from 1917 to 1939. The school was continued post World War II as the
Raqi Qirinxhi High School
Raqi Qirinxhi High School (in Albanian Shkolla e mesme Raqi Qirinxhi) is a three-year public high school in the town of '' Korça'', Albania. It is one of the few schools in Albania where in some of the classes students learn French as first langu ...
.
Belarus
The
Belarusian Humanities Lyceum The Belarusian Humanities Lyceum named after Yakub Kolas is a private secondary school, formerly located at 21 Kirau Street in Minsk, Belarus.
History
It was founded in January 1990 in Minsk as a Sunday school. In September 1991, it became a perman ...
is a private secondary school founded shortly after Belarus' independence from the
USSR
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
by intellectuals, such as
Vincuk Viacorka and Uladzimir Kolas, with the stated aims of preserving and promoting native Belarusian culture, and raising a new Belarusian elite. It was shut down in 2003 by the Ministry of Education of Belarus allegedly for promoting enmity within Belarusian society and using the classroom as a political soapbox, indoctrinating students with biased views on history, ideology, politics, morality and values. The lyceum eventually switched to homeschooling with a limited number of underground homeschoolers.
Czech Republic
The term ''lyceum'' refers to a type of secondary education consisting of anywhere from four years ended by graduation. It is a type of schooling between grammar school and a technical high school. For example, the famous scientist
Gerty Cori
Gerty Theresa Cori (; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an Austro-Hungarian and American biochemist who in 1947 was the third woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Me ...
went to a lyceum school.
Finland
![Kotkan Lyseon lukio 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Kotkan_Lyseon_lukio_1.jpg)
The concept and name (in Swedish, in Finnish) entered Finland through Sweden. Traditionally, were schools to prepare students to enter universities, as opposed to the typical, more general education. Some old schools continue to use the name ''lyceum'', though their operations today vary. For example, Helsinki Normal Lyceum educates students in grades 7–12, while Oulu Lyceum enrolls students only in grades 10–12. The more commonly used term for upper secondary school in Finland is in Finnish and in Swedish.
France
The
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
word for an upper secondary school, , derives from Lyceum. (see
Secondary education in France
In France, secondary education is in two stages:
* ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15.
* ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between ...
.)
Germany
![Unterrichts Anstalt für die weibliche Jugend 01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Unterrichts_Anstalt_f%C3%BCr_die_weibliche_Jugend_01.jpg)
The lyceum in Germany was known as an old term for a
Gymnasium for girls. In Bavaria it was also a
Hochschule
' (, plural: ') is the generic term in German for institutions of higher education, corresponding to ''universities'' and ''colleges'' in English. The term ''Universität'' (plural: ''Universitäten'') is reserved for institutions with the right to ...
to study
theology
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
and
philosophy
Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...
.
Greece
In Greece,
Λύκειο refers to a type of upper secondary education school for students aged 15 to 18 or 20. The lyceum school first grade admitted students can have a maximum age up to 20 years old.
[ "Regulations for Research and other provisions"][ "Restructuring of Secondary Education and other provisions". Provisions for the transformation of Upper Secondary Schools of General (GEL) and Vocational (EPAL), Vocational Training Institutes (IEK) and Special Education structures.] Evening lyceum () is both for adult and underage working students, and lasts three years as of the 2020–2021 academic year, per Law 4547/2018.
[ ] The lyceum awards the
Απολυτήριο, or , which is the upper
secondary education
Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final pha ...
leaving certificate.
= Upper secondary school (lyceum)
=
* (; special lyceum)
* (; model lyceum; 2015–present)
* (; musical lyceum; 3 years, 1998–present)
* (; art lyceum; 3 years, 2003–present)
* (; experimental lyceum; 3 years, 2015–present)
* (; ; general lyceum; 3 years, 1976–1996, 2006–present)
* ( ; i.e. comprehensive lyceum;
, general lyceum of cross-cultural education; 3 years, 2018–present)
* (; ; vocational lyceum; EPAL; 3 years, 2006–present)
* (; evening general lyceum; 3 years, 1976–present)
* (; evening vocational lyceum; 3 years)
* (integrated special vocational gymnasium-lyceum; )
* (ΓΕΕΛ; ; ecclesiastical general lyceum; 3 years, 2006–present)
= Defunct upper secondary school (lyceum)
=
* (; athletic lyceum; 3 years)
* (; integrated lyceum; 3 years, 1997–2006)
* (; technical lyceum; 3 years, 1977–1985)
* (; vocational lyceum; 3 years; Law 576/1977; 1977–1985)
* (gymnasium; integrated 3-year lower and 3-year upper secondary school)
* (; ; integrated multifarious lyceum; 3 years, 1985–1997)
* (; ; technical vocational lyceum; 3 years, 1985–1998)
* (; ; technical vocational training centre; 3 years, 1998–2006)
Hungary
Before
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, secondary education institutes with a primary goal of preparing for higher studies were often referred to by the word .
In contemporary Hungarian, the most ubiquitous word for these institutions is , but lives on as an archaizing word referring to schools of high prestige and revered traditions, most notably
Calvinist
Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...
boarding school
A boarding school is a school where pupils live within premises while being given formal instruction. The word "boarding" is used in the sense of "room and board", i.e. lodging and meals. As they have existed for many centuries, and now exten ...
s.
Italy
The lyceum is considered by most the hardest and most prestigious kind of secondary school in Italy.
The term ''
liceo
The Gran Teatre del Liceu (, English: Great Theatre of the Lyceum), known as ''El Liceu'', is an opera house in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Located in La Rambla, it is the oldest running theatre in Barcelona.
Founded in 1837 at another loca ...
'' refers to a number of
upper secondary school
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
, which last five years (from 14 to 19 years of age) and are specialized in teaching
philosophy
Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...
, ancient Greek (in the sole ) and
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
, but also
maths
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
,
physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...
,
trigonometry
Trigonometry () is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. T ...
,
biology
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary i ...
and
chemistry
Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions ...
. It gives preparation for
university
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
.
It is divided into five different branches, each one specialized in certain subjects:
*
''Liceo classico'' (classical lyceum) is the most various between them but is known for focusing on history, ancient Greek and Latin.
*
''Liceo scientifico'' (scientific lyceum) focuses on maths, physics, biology and chemistry.
* (linguistic lyceum) focuses almost entirely on a certain number of languages. Each school can decide which language to teach, but Italian and English are always present.
* (arts lyceum) focuses on arts history and practical arts (varying from drawing to painting to sculpturing)
* (lyceum of human sciences) focuses on human sciences such as psychology, anthropology, sociology and pedagogy.
Maths and natural sciences are also present.
* (music lyceum) focuses on musical performance.
Latvia
The first Lyceum in
Riga
Riga (; lv, Rīga , liv, Rīgõ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia and is home to 605,802 inhabitants which is a third of Latvia's population. The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Ba ...
was founded in 1675 by the king
Charles XI of Sweden
Charles XI or Carl ( sv, Karl XI; ) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721).
He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein- ...
(in Latin, ), and was renamed to the Imperial Lyceum of Riga (in German, ) in 1733. In September 1921, the
Riga French Lycée
The Riga French Lycée ( lv, Rīgas Franču licejs, french: Lycée Français de Riga) is a French international school that was founded in September 1921 in Riga, Latvia. It is a school, where studies take place from grade 1 to 12 and the only ...
, an upper secondary school supported by the
Government of France
The Government of France ( French: ''Gouvernement français''), officially the Government of the French Republic (''Gouvernement de la République française'' ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who ...
was founded in Riga.
In 1989, during the
Latvian National Awakening
The Latvian National Awakening ( lv, latviešu r latvju
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ar'' (pronounced ), plural ''ars'', or in Irelan ...
tautas atmoda) refers to three distinct but ideologically related Romantic nationalism, National revival movements:
* the ''The First Latvian National Awakening, First Awakening'' refers ...
, the Pushkin Lyceum of Riga () with education programs in
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
was established.
In 2002, another Russian lyceum was established in
Daugavpils
Daugavpils (; russian: Двинск; ltg, Daugpiļs ; german: Dünaburg, ; pl, Dyneburg; see other names) is a state city in south-eastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city gets its name. The parts of the c ...
(), renamed to Daugavpils High School of Technologies () in 2020.
Lithuania
Some gymnasiums are called , e.g.
Vilnius Lyceum.
Malta
Junior lyceums refer to secondary education state owned schools.
Republic of Moldova
Until recently, in the Republic of Moldova the lyceum – called – was an educational institution where students studied from the first to the twelfth grade and would obtain the baccalaureate degree upon completion. In most cases, the lyceums were specialized in a particular domain (fine art, theatre, language) that was relevant to the personality whose name the institution bore. In other respects, it was little different from any regular school, with the exception of slightly higher education standards and supposedly being more prestigious.
After 2010, regular schools were all formally reformed into lyceums, although their quality remained of the same level as before and most did not get any particular specialization, thereby being dubbed 'theory lyceums' (). One reason for the 2010 reform was to reduce the influence of the Soviet/Russian educational system and/or mentality in Moldova.
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, a lyceum is a
selective secondary school for children aged 12–18 that offers "''
voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs
''Voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs'' (VWO, meaning "preparatory scientific education" in Dutch) is the highest variant in the secondary educational system of the Netherlands, attended by approximately a fifth of all Dutch high school stude ...
''" (vwo) and "''
hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs
''Hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs'' (havo, meaning "higher general continued education" in Dutch) is a stream in the secondary educational system of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Suriname. It has five grades and is generally attended at ...
''" (havo), the top and high levels of secondary education available in that country. Successful completion allows vwo students admission to university and havo students to
hogeschool
A university of applied sciences (UAS), nowadays much less commonly called a polytechnic university or vocational university, is an institution of higher education and sometimes research that provides vocational education and grants academic de ...
, comparable to
vocational university
A university of applied sciences (UAS), nowadays much less commonly called a polytechnic university or vocational university, is an institution of higher education and sometimes research that provides vocational education and grants academic de ...
. The term ''lyceum'' is also sometimes used for other
vocational school
A vocational school is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary or post-secondary education designed to provide vocational education or technical skills required to complete the tasks ...
s such as the
Grafisch Lyceum, or ''Muzieklyceum Amsterdam'', which grew into the
Conservatorium van Amsterdam
The Conservatorium van Amsterdam (CvA) is a Dutch conservatoire of music located in Amsterdam. This school is the music division of the Amsterdam University of the Arts, the city's vocational university of arts. The Conservatorium van Amsterdam ...
.
Poland
The is the
Polish secondary-education school. Polish liceums are attended by students aged 15 to 19–20 (see list below). Before graduating, pupils are subject to a final examination, the ''
matura
or its translated terms (''Mature'', ''Matur'', , , , , , ) is a Latin name for the secondary school exit exam or "maturity diploma" in various European countries, including Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech ...
''.
Polish liceums are of several types:
*
general lyceum (15–19)
*
specialised lyceum A general education liceum (Polish: ''Liceum ogólnokształcące'' ) is an academic high school in the Education in Poland, Polish educational system. They are attended by those who plan to further their academic education upon graduation from Educa ...
(15–19)
* complementary lyceum (17-20)
Portugal
From 1836 until 1978, in the
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
educational system
The educational system generally refers to the structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country. It includes all pre-school institutions, starting from family education, and/or early childhood education ...
, the lyceum ( pt, liceu), or national lyceum ( pt, liceu nacional, label=none), was a
high school
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
that prepared students to enter
universities
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
or more general education. On the other hand, the technical school ( pt, escola técnica, label=none) was a technical-oriented school.
After several
education reform
Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education. The meaning and education methods have changed through debates over what content or experiences result in an educated individual or an educated society. Historically, t ...
s, all these schools merged into a single system of "3rd cycle basic" and
secondary schools
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
(), offering
grades 7 to 12.
Romania
The Romanian word for lyceum is . It represents a post-secondary form of education. In order for a student to graduate the lyceum and obtain a baccalaureate diploma, they must pass the
''bac''. The lyceum consists of four school years (ages 15–19). Although the lyceum is a pre-university educational institution, it can be enough for the graduates to find a job, mainly in office work.
Russia
In Imperial Russia, a lyceum was one of the following higher educational facilities: Demidov Lyceum of Law in
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl ( rus, Ярослáвль, p=jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence ...
(1803), Alexander Lyceum in
Tsarskoye Selo
Tsarskoye Selo ( rus, Ца́рское Село́, p=ˈtsarskəɪ sʲɪˈlo, a=Ru_Tsarskoye_Selo.ogg, "Tsar's Village") was the town containing a former residence of the Russian imperial family and visiting nobility, located south from the cen ...
(1810), Richelieu Lyceum in
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
(1817), and Imperial
Katkov Lyceum in Moscow (1867).
The
Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
The Imperial Lyceum (Императорский Царскосельский лицей, ''Imperatorskiy Tsarskosel'skiy litsey'') in Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg, also known historically as the Imperial Alexander Lyceum after its founde ...
was opened on October 19, 1811, in the
neoclassical building designed by
Vasily Stasov
Vasily Petrovich Stasov (Russian: Васи́лий Петро́вич Ста́сов; 4 August 1769 – 5 September 1848) was a famous Russian architect, born into a wealthy noble family: his father, Pyotr Fyodorovich Stasov, came from one ...
and situated next to the
Catherine Palace
The Catherine Palace (russian: Екатерининский дворец, ) is a Rococo palace in Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin), 30 km south of St. Petersburg, Russia. It was the summer residence of the Russian tsars. The Palace is part of the ...
. The first graduates included
Aleksandr Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; rus, links=no, Александр Сергеевич ПушкинIn pre-Revolutionary script, his name was written ., r=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn, ...
and
Alexander Gorchakov
Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в; 15 July 179811 March 1883) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family. He has an enduring reputation as ...
. The opening date was celebrated each year with carousals and revels, and Pushkin composed new verses for each of those occasions. In January 1844 the Lyceum was moved to
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
.
During 33 years of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum's existence, there were 286 graduates. The most famous of these were
Anton Delwig
Baron Anton Antonovich Delvig (russian: Анто́н Анто́нович Де́львигIn Delvig's day, his name was written Антонъ Антоновичъ Дельвигъ., Antón Antónovich Délʹvig, ɐnˈton ɐnˈtonəvʲɪtɕ ˈdelʲv ...
,
Wilhelm Küchelbecher,
Nicholas de Giers
Nikolay de Girs or Giers (russian: Никола́й Ка́рлович Гирс ''Nikolay Karlovich Girs'')
( – ) was the Russian Foreign Minister, 1882-1895, during the reign of Alexander III of Russia, Alexander III. He was one of the arch ...
,
Dmitry Tolstoy
Count Dmitry Andreyevich Tolstoy (russian: Дми́трий Андре́евич Толсто́й; , Moscow – , Saint Petersburg) was a Russian Politician, statesman, a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia (1866). He belonged to t ...
,
Yakov Karlovich Grot
Yakov Karlovich Grot (russian: link=no, Я́ков Ка́рлович Грот) ( – ) was a nineteenth-century Russian philologist of German extraction who worked at the University of Helsinki.
Grot was a graduate of the Tsarskoye Selo Ly ...
,
Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky
Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky (russian: Никола́й Я́ковлевич Даниле́вский; 28 November 1822 – 7 November 1885) was a Russian Empire naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher, historian and ideologue of Pan- ...
,
Alexei Lobanov-Rostovsky
Prince Aleksey Borisovich Lobanov-Rostovsky (russian: Князь Алексе́й Бори́сович Лоба́нов-Росто́вский) ( in Voronezh Governorate – ) was a Russian statesman, probably best remembered for having conclude ...
and
Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin ( rus, Михаи́л Евгра́фович Салтыко́в-Щедри́н, p=mʲɪxɐˈil jɪvˈɡrafəvʲɪtɕ səltɨˈkof ɕːɪˈdrʲin; – ), born Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov and known during ...
.
Since the 1990s there are lyceums (special secondary schools) with in-depth study of humanitarian or natural science disciplines. As a rule, university professors teach in lyceums, and the educational system resembles that of a university. Later, the lyceums were renamed special general secondary schools.
Serbia
The
Lyceum of the Principality of Serbia
The Lyceum of the Principality of Serbia was the first higher education school in Serbia in which education was taught in Serbian.
History
The Lyceum of the Principality of Serbia ( sr, Лицеј Кнежевине Србије) was founded i ...
was the first
higher education
Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...
school in
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
in which education was taught in
Serbian
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
. It was founded in 1838 on the initiative of Prince
Miloš Obrenović
Miloš, Milos, Miłosz or spelling variations thereof is a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to:
Given name
Sportsmen
* Miłosz Bernatajtys, Polish rower
* Miloš Bogunović, Serbian footballer
* Miloš Budaković, Serbian f ...
in 1838 in
Kragujevac
Kragujevac ( sr-Cyrl, Крагујевац, ) is the fourth largest city in Serbia and the administrative centre of the Šumadija District. It is the historical centre of the geographical region of Šumadija in central Serbia, and is situated on ...
, then the capital of Serbia. When
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
became the Serbian capital in 1841, the Serbian Lyceum opened there. In 1863 it became known as the
Grandes écoles Grandes may refer to:
* Agustín Muñoz Grandes, Spanish general and politician
*Banksia ser. Grandes, a series of plant species native to Australia
* Grandes y San Martín, a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain ...
until 1905 when it officially changed its name to the
University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade ( sr, / ) is a public university in Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia.
Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-b ...
.
Turkey
The
Turkish
Turkish may refer to:
*a Turkic language spoken by the Turks
* of or about Turkey
** Turkish language
*** Turkish alphabet
** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation
*** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey
*** Turkish communities and mi ...
word for the latest part of pre-university education is which is derived from the French word and corresponds to ''high school'' in English. It lasts four to five years with respect to the type of the high school. At the end of their education, students take the TYT/AYT test, i.e. university entrance examination, to get the right to enroll in a public university or a private university.
Ukraine
According to the Law of Ukraine "On Education", the lyceum is a level III secondary institution of education (or a structural unit of another institution of education) that provides field-specific secondary education. As it is planned, since 2017 a three-year senior school will be a lyceum of academic or vocational training. In vocational school, a student will master his/her first profession, whereas in an academic lyceum he/she will deepen personal knowledge of specific subjects that will be studied further at a higher education establishment. Graduates of academic lyceums will be able to obtain a bachelor's degree in three years (in most specialties) instead of four.
Other types of lyceums in Ukraine include military lyceums and lyceums with intensive military and physical training.
North America
United States
See
lyceum movement
The lyceum movement in the United States refers to a loose collection of adult education programs named for the classical Lyceum which flourished in the mid-19th century, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. Some of these organizations ...
and
comparison of US and UK secondary school years (except Scotland).
South America
Chile
It is not uncommon in Chile to use the word when referring to a high school. Another term is (secondary education); however, ' is the most common term due to Chile's extensive European influence.
Uruguay
' is commonly used to refer to secondary education. It was adopted from the French immigrants of the 19th century.
See also
*
Comparison of US and UK Education
*
Lyceum (classical)
The Lyceum ( grc, Λύκειον, Lykeion) was a temple dedicated to Apollo Lyceus ("Apollo the wolf-god").
It was best known for the Peripatetic school of philosophy founded there by Aristotle in 334 BC. Aristotle fled Athens in 323 BC, and ...
*
Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) re ...
Notes
References
*
*
External links
Polish System of Education* Lyceum college of medicine international students www.lyceumnorthwesternuniversity.com
{{Authority control
School types
*
Education in Europe by country
Education by continent
es:Liceo