Lushan Temple (), is a

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

temple at Yuelu Mountain,

Changsha Changsha (; ; ; Changshanese pronunciation: (), Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the capital and the largest city of Hunan Province of China. Changsha is the 17th most populous city in China with a population of over 10 million, an ...

Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. It includes the Entrance, Hall of Great Heroes,

Zazen ''Zazen'' (literally " seated meditation"; ja, 座禅; , pronounced ) is a meditative discipline that is typically the primary practice of the Zen Buddhist tradition. However, the term is a general one not unique to Zen, and thus technicall ...

room, and dining room, etc.

History

Jin dynasty

In 268, in the fourth year of the Taishi era of Emperor Wu of Jin, Zhu Fachong () built the Hui Guangming Temple (). It was the first temple in Hunan. After Zhu Fachong, the eminent monks Fadao () and Famin () served as Abbot.

Sui dynasty

In 589, in the ninth year of the Kaihuang era of

Emperor Wen of Sui The Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (), alias Narayana () deriving from Buddhist terms, was the founder and the first emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty. The ''Book of ...

Zhiyi Zhiyi (; 538–597 CE) also Chen De'an (陳德安), is the fourth patriarch of the Tiantai tradition of Buddhism in China. His standard title was Śramaṇa Zhiyi (沙門智顗), linking him to the broad tradition of Indian asceticism. Zhiyi i ...

() came to Hui Guangming Temple, explained the ''

Lotus Sutra The ''Lotus Sūtra'' ( zh, 妙法蓮華經; sa, सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्रम्, translit=Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtram, lit=Sūtra on the White Lotus of the True Dharma, italic=) is one of the most influ ...

'' and taught Buddhism. In 602, he built a pagoda to preserve

śarīra Śarīra is a generic term referring to Buddhist relics, although in common usage it usually refers to pearl or crystal-like bead-shaped objects that are purportedly found among the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters. Relics of the Bu ...

(relics) of the Buddha.

Tang dynasty

In the early

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...

, the monk renamed it ''Lushan Temple'' ().

Shenhui Heze Shenhui (Chinese:菏泽神會/神会; Wade–Giles: Shen-hui; Japanese: Kataku Jinne, 684–758) was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the so-called "Southern School" of Zen, who "claimed to have studied under Huineng." Shenhui is notable for his s ...

's disciple Mohe Yanna () came to Lushan Temple to advertise Folk Buddhism. In 845, after the

Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution The Huichang Persecution of Buddhism () was initiated by Emperor Wuzong (Li Chan) of the Tang dynasty during the Huichang era (841–845). Among its purposes were to appropriate war funds and to cleanse Tang China of foreign influences. As such ...

, Lushan Temple was broken down. In 847, in the first year of the age of Dazhong of Emperor Xuanzong, Jingcen () rebuilt temple and named it ''Luyuan'' ().Men of letters and poets came to here to chant poems and paint pictures.

Yuan dynasty

Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...

, Lushan Temple was broken down by Mongolian Army, it abandoned in one handred and fifty years.

Ming dynasty

In the period of the

Chenghua Emperor The Chenghua Emperor (; 9 December 1447 – 9 September 1487), personal name Zhu Jianshen, was the ninth Emperor of the Ming dynasty, who reigned from 1464 to 1487. His era name " Chenghua" means "accomplished change". Childhood Zhu Jianshen wa ...

, the monks and the government rebuilt Lushan Temple. In the period of the Wanli Emperor, Miaoguang () rebuilt a main hall, a Buddhism goddess Guanyin hall and the depositary of Buddhist texts. The Wanli Emperor renamed it ''Wanshou Temple'' (). In the late

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...

, Hanshan Deqing came to Wanshou Temple to advertise Folk Buddhism. In 1643, in the sixteenth year of the age of the

Chongzhen Emperor The Chongzhen Emperor (; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (), courtesy name Deyue (),Wang Yuan (王源)，''Ju ye tang wen ji'' (《居業堂文集》), vol. 19. "聞之張景蔚親見烈皇帝神主題御諱字德� ...

, Wanshou Temple was broken down by the Qing army.

Qing dynasty

In 1658, in the fifteenth year of the age of the

Shunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A Deliberative Council of Prince ...

, the abbots Zhitan (), Wenxing () and the government rebuilt Wanshou Temple. Monk poets Zhitan, Wenxing, Misong (), Tianfang () and Liyun () lived in here.

Republic of China

In the early

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

, the monks renamed the temple ''Old Lushan Temple'' ().During the

Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...

, Gu Lushan Temple was bombed by a Japanese plane.

People's Republic of China

In 1966, in the

Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal ...

, only seven monks lived in Lushan temple. In 1983, the People's Government of Changsha rebuilt it. It was listed as a China's most important temple in the buddhism of Han areas. In 2013, Lushan Temple was free and open to the public from May 10.湖南29家寺院取消门票免费开放抵制商业化
''Ifeng'', 2013-05-13.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lushan Temple Buddhist temples in Changsha

Temple A temple (from the Latin ) is a building reserved for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. Religions which erect temples include Christianity (whose temples are typically called churches), Hinduism (whose temples ...

3rd-century establishments in China 3rd-century Buddhist temples