''Lurline'' is a grand romantic opera in three acts composed by

William Vincent Wallace William Vincent Wallace (11 March 1812 – 12 October 1865) was an Irish composer and pianist. In his day, he was famous on three continents as a double virtuoso on violin and piano. Nowadays, he is mainly remembered as an opera composer of n ...

to an English libretto by

Edward Fitzball Edward Fitzball (20 March 179327 October 1873) was a popular English playwright, who specialised in melodrama. His real surname was Ball, and he was born at Burwell, Cambridgeshire. Fitzball was educated in Newmarket, was apprenticed to a Nor ...

. It was first performed on 23 February 1860 at the

Theatre Royal, Covent Garden The Royal Opera House (ROH) is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden, central London. The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden, after a previous use of the site. It is the home of The Royal O ...

by the Pyne and Harrison English Opera Company with

Louisa Pyne Louisa Bodda-Pyne (30 April 1828 – 20 March 1904) was an England, English soprano and opera company manager. Biography Life and career Born into a theatrical family as Louisa Fanny Pyne, she was the youngest daughter of the alto George Griggs ...

in the title role. The libretto is based on the legend of the

Lorelei The Lorelei ( ; ), spelled Loreley in German, is a , steep slate rock on the right bank of the River Rhine in the Rhine Gorge (or Middle Rhine) at Sankt Goarshausen in Germany, part of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Th ...

Background and performance history

Wallace may have conceived the idea for ''Lurline'' during a trip on the

Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...

river and began writing the opera while he was in Vienna in 1847 to supervise the production of ''Maritana''. It was to have premiered in the 1847/48 season at Covent Garden, but the project was shelved, and the opera left incomplete at this time. Wallace did not return to the opera until 1854 in the USA, when the opportunity of a premiere at Berlin arose, but that too did not materialise, and the work was shelved again until 1859 when he further elaborated the score for its upcoming premiere by Pyne and Harrison's Royal English Opera at Covent Garden. Lurline premiered in its full version on 23 February 1860 at the

, conducted by

Alfred Mellon Alfred Mellon (7 April 1820 – 24 March 1867) was a British violinist, conductor and composer. Mellon was born in Birmingham, to a French father. At the age of 12 he joined the band at the Theatre Royal in that town, becoming leader at 1 ...

. It was an outstanding success with both the public and the critics. ''

The Illustrated London News ''The Illustrated London News'' appeared first on Saturday 14 May 1842, as the world's first illustrated weekly news magazine. Founded by Herbert Ingram, it appeared weekly until 1971, then less frequently thereafter, and ceased publication i ...

'' of 3 March 1860 wrote "this piece is not only the chef d'oeuvre of the composer but may challenge a comparison with the best German, Italian or French dramatic music of the present day", although it also noted that "the simplicity and wild horror of the tale are entirely lost amid the melodramatic absurdities of the cockney school." The Pyne and Harrison English Opera Company who had staged the work for its premiere revived it again at the end of the season and in the following season as well. The opera then premiered in

Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 c ...

on 30 April 1861 and in Sydney in 1862. ''Lurline'' was presented in a concert performance in

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston ...

on 1 June 1863, and received its first fully staged American performance in New York on 13 May 1869 at the Academy of Music, followed by a production in Chicago on 14 October 1870. The opera was revived in New York in 1898 when it had a brief run at the American Theatre. ''Lurline'' was toured in Britain in the 1880s and early 1890s by the

Carl Rosa Opera Company The Carl Rosa Opera Company was founded in 1873 by Carl Rosa, a German-born musical impresario, and his wife, British operatic soprano Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa to present opera in English in London and the British provinces. The company premiered ...

and the Moody-Manners company. There was also a revival at London's Drury Lane on 12 April 1890. However, by the 20th century, the opera had fallen into obscurity. Neither Wallace, who died in 1865, nor his widow ever profited from the initial success of ''Lurline''. In 1858, two years before its premiere, Wallace sold the English performing rights for the opera to the Pyne and Harrison company for 10 shillings which he then handed over to the widow of a carpenter in the Covent Garden Theatre. It was estimated that Pyne and Harrison's company made at least £50,000 from its various productions. Following its premiere, twelve of the main arias and duets from ''Lurline'' were published as parlour songs in ''The Vocal Gems of William Vincent Wallace's Grand Romantic Opera Lurline''. Several composers produced fantasias on the score, including René Favarger and

Wilhelm Kuhe Wilhelm may refer to: People and fictional characters * William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm" * Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname Other uses * Moun ...

. ''Lurlines music also found its way into two popular dance arrangements by Charles d'Albert – ''

Quadrille The quadrille is a dance that was fashionable in late 18th- and 19th-century Europe and its colonies. The quadrille consists of a chain of four to six '' contredanses''. Latterly the quadrille was frequently danced to a medley of opera melodie ...

: Sail! Sail! on the midnight gale'', and ''The Lurline Polka''.

Roles

Synopsis

Act 1 In his underwater grotto, King Rhineberg laments the absence of his daughter, Lurline, and berates the gnomes for allowing the beautiful

nymph A nymph ( grc, νύμφη, nýmphē, el, script=Latn, nímfi, label= Modern Greek; , ) in ancient Greek folklore is a minor female nature deity. Different from Greek goddesses, nymphs are generally regarded as personifications of nature, are ...

to wander in the upper world. Lurline returns playing her harp and sings of having fallen in love with Count Rudolph whom she had seen sailing on the river. Meanwhile, Count Rudolph, an extravagant young man, is hoping to improve his fortunes by marrying Ghiva, the daughter of Baron Truenfels. Unbeknownst to the young Count, Ghiva and her father are not at all wealthy and are hoping to improve their fortunes by her marriage to the Count. When Ghiva discovers their mutual poverty, she calls off the engagement. The count returns to his life of revelry to drown his sorrows. During one of these revelries in his half-ruined castle, Lurline appears and places a ring on his finger. Rudolph immediately falls in love with her. When she leaves, he follows her to the river and sets out in his boat to find her. A large storm arises, King Rhineberg and the water spirits cause the boat to disappear into a whirlpool. Act 2 The magic ring Lurline had given Rudolph allows him to survive underwater, and he is now living in Lurline's palace beneath the Rhine. Lurline and Rudolph sing of their love and happiness and the joys of wine. Meanwhile, back in the Baron's castle Ghiva regrets having broken off the engagement and sings a lament for her lost Rudolph. Back in Lurline's palace, Rudolph expresses nostalgia for his old friends and his castle. Lurline allows him to return for three days and take with him some of the Rhine treasure. Nevertheless, she is overcome with grief and a sense of foreboding at his departure. Act 3 On Rudolph's return, Ghiva is attracted by Rudolph's new wealth and determines to marry him. She steals the magic ring and throws it into the Rhine. Without the ring, Rudolph goes back to his life of revelry, forgetting Lurline and his promise to return to her. While Lurline laments Rudolph's broken promise, his friends, envious of his new wealth, plot to murder him and plunder his castle. When Lurline's attendants find the ring and bring it to her, she goes to a feast that Rudolph is holding on the river bank. There, she berates him for his desertion, and he is once again enchanted by her. Ghiva, desperate to win back Rudolph, tells him of his friends' plot and urges him to flee with her and the Baron instead, but he refuses. Lurline then calls on the spirits of the Rhine to save her lover. The river suddenly rises and drowns the conspirators. Rudolph, wearing the magic ring again, is spared and when the waters subside, he is carried back down to Lurline's palace where they are to live happily ever after.Synopsis based on Wisgast (3 March 1860) pp. 76–77 and Davidson (1911/2008) pp. 430–432

Recordings

Complete recording: *Performed by Sally Silver (soprano), Fiona James (mezzo), Bernadette Cullen (mezzo), Keith Lewis (tenor), Paul Ferris (tenor), David Soar (baritone), Donald Maxwell (baritone), Roderick Earle (bass), Victorian Opera Northwest Chorus and Orchestra, Richard Bonynge (conductor), on: Naxos 8.660293-4, CD (2010). Excerpts include: *the orchestral overture, on the album ''British Opera Overtures'', performed by Victorian Opera Northwest Orchestra, Richard Bonynge (conductor), on: Somm Célèste SOMMCD 0123, CD (2013). *the arias ''The Night Winds'' and ''The Naiad's Spell'', performed by Deborah Riedel (soprano), Australian Opera and Ballet Orchestra, Richard Bonynge (conductor), on the album ''The Power of Love: British Opera Arias'', on: Melba 301082, CD (2000). See also Wallace's own piano work ''The Night Winds – Nocturne for piano from Wallace's Lurline'', recorded by Rosemary Tuck (piano) on the album ''William Vincent Wallace: Opera Fantasies and Paraphrases'', Naxos 8.572774, CD (2011).

References

Sources

* Bonynge, Richard
"What happened to Lurline?"
liner notes to ''Lurline'', Naxos Records, 2010 * '' Brisbane Courier''
"Summary of the News"
6 June 1890, p. 4. * Davidson, Gladys
''Two Hundred Opera Plots''
originally published in 1911 and republished in facsimile by Bibliobazaar, 2008, pp. 430–432. * Flood, W. H. Grattan
''William Vincent Wallace: A Memoir''
Published at the offices of ''The Waterford News'', 1912. pp. 24–27 * Graves, Perceval
"William Vincent Wallace"
''

Gramophone Magazine ''Gramophone'' is a magazine published monthly in London, devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings. It was founded in 1923 by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie who continued to edit the magazine until 1961. It was ac ...

'', July 1928, p. 4. * Rosenthal, H. and Warrack, J. (eds.), "Wallace, William Vincent" in ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera'', 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1972, p. 539 * Wisgast, Wilfrid (ed.)
"The Habitue: Royal English Opera"
''The Players'', Vol. I, No. 10, 3 March 1860, pp. 76–77.

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lurline (Opera) Operas English-language operas 1860 operas Operas by William Vincent Wallace Operas based on myths and legends