Lunar Module ''Eagle'' (LM-5) is the spacecraft that served as the crewed
lunar lander of
Apollo 11
Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, an ...
, which was the first mission to
land humans on the
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of ...
. It was named after the
bald eagle, which was featured prominently on
the mission insignia. It flew from Earth to lunar orbit on the
command module ''Columbia'', and then was flown to the Moon on July 20, 1969, by astronaut
Neil Armstrong with navigational assistance from
Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin (; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American former astronaut, engineer and fighter pilot. He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission. As the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' pilot on the 1969 A ...
. ''Eagle''s landing created
Tranquility Base
Tranquility Base ( la, Statio Tranquillitatis) is the site on the Moon where, in July 1969, humans landed and walked on a celestial body other than Earth for the first time. On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 crewmembers Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin l ...
, named by Armstrong and Aldrin and first announced upon the module's touchdown.
The name of the craft gave rise to the phrase "The Eagle has Landed", the words Armstrong said upon ''Eagle''s touchdown.
The phrase was used as the title of a best-selling
1975 book, set during the Second World War, and the
1976 film adaptation.
Flight
''Eagle'' was launched with
command module ''Columbia'' on July 16, 1969, atop a
Saturn V
Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. The rocket was human-rated, with three stages, and powered with liquid fuel. It was flown from 196 ...
launch vehicle from
Launch Complex 39A
Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) is the first of Launch Complex 39's three launch pads, located at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida. The pad, along with Launch Complex 39B, were first designed for the Saturn V launch vehicle. T ...
, and entered Earth orbit 12 minutes later.
''Eagle'' entered
lunar orbit on July 19, 1969. On July 20,
Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin (; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American former astronaut, engineer and fighter pilot. He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission. As the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' pilot on the 1969 A ...
entered into the LM and separated it from
Command module ''Columbia''.
''Eagle'' was landed at 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969, with of usable fuel remaining.
After the lunar surface operations, Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on July 21, 1969.
At 17:54:00 UTC, they lifted off in ''Eagle'' ascent stage to rejoin
Michael Collins Michael Collins or Mike Collins most commonly refers to:
* Michael Collins (Irish leader) (1890–1922), Irish revolutionary leader, soldier, and politician
* Michael Collins (astronaut) (1930–2021), American astronaut, member of Apollo 11 and Ge ...
aboard ''Columbia'' in lunar orbit.
After the crew re-boarded ''Columbia'', the ''Eagle'' was abandoned in lunar orbit. Although its ultimate fate remains unknown, some calculations by the physicist James Meador published in 2021 showed that ''Eagle'' could theoretically still be in lunar orbit.
Gallery
File:Apollo 11 Lunar Module prior to extraction (48322617787).jpg, Lunar Module ''Eagle'' prior to extraction from S-IVB
The S-IVB (pronounced "S-four-B") was the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB launch vehicles. Built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, it had one J-2 rocket engine. For lunar missions it was fired twice: first for Earth ...
stage on July 16, 1969.
File:AP11 FINAL APPROACH.ogv, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin (; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American former astronaut, engineer and fighter pilot. He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission. As the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' pilot on the 1969 A ...
land the Lunar Module ''Eagle'' on the Moon on July 20, 1969.
File:Apollo 11 plaque closeup on Moon.jpg, The plaque
Plaque may refer to:
Commemorations or awards
* Commemorative plaque, a plate or tablet fixed to a wall to mark an event, person, etc.
* Memorial Plaque (medallion), issued to next-of-kin of dead British military personnel after World War I
* Pl ...
left on the ladder of ''Eagle''.
File:Apollo 11 Mission Image - View of Moon limb and Lunar Module during ascent, Mare Smythii, Earth on horizon (5052125203).jpg, Ascent stage of ''Eagle'' returns to ''Columbia'' on July 21, 1969.
See also
*
List of artificial objects on the Moon
This is a partial list of artificial materials left on the Moon, many during the missions of the Apollo program. The table below does not include lesser Apollo mission artificial objects, such as a hammer and other tools, List of retroreflectors o ...
*
List of crewed lunar landers
This is a list of designs for crewed lunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a soft landing, and for an ascent stage to successfully escape the Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. ...
Notes
References
Further reading
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{{Apollo program hardware
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Spacecraft launched in 1969
Buzz Aldrin
Neil Armstrong
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Apollo 11
Soft landings on the Moon
1969 on the Moon
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