Lujo Adamović ( sr-Cyrl, Лујо Адамовић; 31 July 1864 – 19 July 1935) was a Serbian botanist and plant collector who was a leading authority regarding the genus
Hieracium
''Hieracium'' (),
known by the common name hawkweed and classically as (from ancient Greek ιεράξ, 'hawk'),
is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and closely related to dandelion (''Taraxacum''), chicory ('' Cichorium'') ...
, recognized by the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...
.
Life
Adamović was born in
Rovinj
Rovinj (; it, Rovigno; Istriot: or ; grc, Ρυγίνιον, Rygínion; la, Ruginium) is a city in Croatia situated on the north Adriatic Sea with a population of 14,294 (2011). Located on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula, it is a po ...
(Rovigno),
Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
,
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...
, where his father
Vicko Adamović
Vice or Vicko Adamović ( sr-Cyrl, Вицко Адамовић; 1838 – 9 January 1919) was a pedagogue and historian from Dubrovnik.
A native of Dubrovnik, Adamović studied natural science in Vienna. He researched the archives of Dubrovnik and ...
was on a short term of service, and grew up in
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
. He received his education in
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
(1888),
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
and in
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
(1898), where he wrote his Ph.D. dissertation entitled ''Die Vegetationsverhaltnisse Ostserbiens''. His professors were
Anton Kerner von Marilaun
Anton Kerner Ritter von Marilaun, or Anton Joseph Kerner, (12 November 1831 – 21 June 1898) was an Austrian botanist and professor at the University of Vienna.
Career
Kerner was born in Mautern, Lower Austria, and studied medicine in Vienna fo ...
and
Adolf Engler
Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on alpha taxonomy, plant taxonomy and phytogeography, such as ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (''The Natural Plant Families'' ...
.
After graduation, Adamović worked as a Royal Serbian School Board high school teacher in the various towns in southern Serbia, such as
Zaječar
Zaječar ( sr-Cyrl, Зајечар, ; ro, Zaicear or ) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 59,461 inhabitants.
Zaječar ...
,
Pirot
Pirot ( sr-cyr, Пирот) is a city and the administrative center of the Pirot District in southeastern Serbia. According to 2011 census, the urban area of the city has a population of 38,785, while the population of the city administrative area ...
,
Gornji Milanovac
Gornji Milanovac ( sr-Cyrl, Гoрњи Милановац, ) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of central Serbia. The population of the town is 24,216, while the population of the municipality is 44,406.
The town was foun ...
and
Vranje
Vranje ( sr-Cyrl, Врање, ) is a city in Southern Serbia and the administrative center of the Pčinja District. The municipality of Vranje has a population of 83,524 and its urban area has 60,485 inhabitants.
Vranje is the economical, polit ...
. From 1901 to 1905 Adamović was director of the
Jevremovac
The Jevremovac Botanical Garden ( sr-cyr, Ботаничка башта Јевремовац, Botanička bašta Jevremovac) is the botanical garden of the University of Belgrade and also a surrounding urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. The ...
Botanical Garden of the
University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade ( sr, / ) is a public university in Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia.
Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-b ...
. He lived temporarily in
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
and
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
. Adamović was a private lecturer in
phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, ''phytón'' = "plant" and γεωγραφία, ''geographía'' = "geography" meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution o ...
at the
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich histor ...
. In 1907, as an associate member of the Yugoslav Academy of Science and Arts and Sciences in Zagreb, he published papers on the flora of
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
,
Herzegovina
Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It has never had strictly defined geogra ...
,
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
and
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
.
Scientific work
Adamović mainly dealt with the vegetation of the
Balkan Peninsula
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
. In his time he was one of the best experts in the vegetation and flora of Southeast Europe and has written fundamental works on the subject. In the mentor
Richard Wettstein __NOTOC__
Richard Wettstein (30 June 1863 in Vienna – 10 August 1931 in Trins) was an Austrian botanist. His taxonomic system, the Wettstein system, was one of the earliest based on phyletic principles.
Wettstein studied in Vienna, where he was ...
, he had an important advocate for his research stays in the regions of the Danube lowlands,
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
,
Macedonia,
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
,
Thrace
Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to t ...
,
Thessaly
Thessaly ( el, Θεσσαλία, translit=Thessalía, ; ancient Thessalian: , ) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thes ...
, as well as the
Apennine Peninsula, through which he got a comprehensive knowledge of the plant formations of Southeast Europe and the Mediterranean region. In particular, his knowledge of the flora and vegetation of Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania were fundamental. Adamović coined the terms ''Šibljak'' and ''pseudomacchie'' for shrubbery formations of these
karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant ro ...
countries of the
Dinarides
The Dinaric Alps (), also Dinarides, are a mountain range in Southern and Southcentral Europe, separating the continental Balkan Peninsula from the Adriatic Sea. They stretch from Italy in the northwest through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Her ...
, which have found their way into the terminology of vegetation geography.
From 1896 to 1910, he was the editor of the desiccate work "Plantae balcanicae exsiccatae". Adamović made valuable contributions to Volume 11, "The Vegetation Conditions of the Balkans" (1909), and also contributions involving ''
Hieracium
''Hieracium'' (),
known by the common name hawkweed and classically as (from ancient Greek ιεράξ, 'hawk'),
is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and closely related to dandelion (''Taraxacum''), chicory ('' Cichorium'') ...
'' towards Adolf Engler and
Carl Georg Oscar Drude
Carl Georg Oscar Drude (5 June 1852 in Braunschweig – 1 February 1933 in Dresden) was a German botanist.
From 1870 he studied science and chemistry at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig, relocating to the University of Göttingen the fol ...
's ''Die Vegetation der Erde'' or "The Vegetation of the Earth."
Adamović's most important floristic work was the processing of the flora of Montenegro (''Građa za floru kraljevine Crne Gore''), which was not mentioned in Czech botanist Joseph Rohlena's ''Conspectus Florae montenegrinae'' or in
August von Hayek
August von Hayek (14 December 1871 – 11 June 1928) was an Austrian physician and botanist born in Vienna. He was the son of naturalist Gustav von Hayek and the father of economist Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992).
In 1895 he obtained his ...
's ''Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Balcanicae''. Between 1905 and 1911 Adamović made various trips for this flora of
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
, collecting several times on the
Orjen
Orjen (Serbian Cyrillic: Орјен, ) is a transboundary Dinaric Mediterranean limestone mountain range, located between southernmost Bosnia and Herzegovina and southwestern Montenegro.
Its highest peak is Veliki kabao, which stands at . ...
,
Komovi
Komovi ( sr-cyr, Комови) is a mountain and mountain range in eastern Montenegro. It is a part of the Dinaric Alps. Its highest peak, Kom Kučki, reaches a height of .
The Komovi are located between the Montenegrin-Albanian Prokletije mounta ...
and
Durmitor
Durmitor ( Montenegrin: Дурмитор, or ) is a massif located in northwestern Montenegro. It is part of the Dinaric Alps. Its highest peak, Bobotov Kuk, reaches a height of .
The massif is limited by the Tara River Canyon on the north, the ...
around 1000 documents of the flora of the southeastern Dinaric region. Adamović was the only botanist in Montenegro after
Josif Pančić
Josif Pančić ( sr-cyr, Јосиф Панчић; April 17, 1814 – February 25, 1888) was a Serbian botanist, a doctor of medicine, a lecturer at the Great School (the future University of Belgrade), and the first president of the Serbian Royal ...
to collect plants again on the
Velika Jastrebica Velika Jastrebica (trans. "great she-hawk") is the highest summit of the Bijela Gora plateaux in the north of the Orjen
Orjen (Serbian Cyrillic: Орјен, ) is a transboundary Dinaric Mediterranean limestone mountain range, located betwee ...
in the
Bijela gora
Bijela Gora (Montenegrin Cyrillic , Бијела Гора, , lit. "White Mountain") is a karstic high plateau between 1200–1500 m on the northern side of Mount Orjen in Montenegro. At 1862 m, Velika Jastrebica is the highest summit. It be ...
. He published more than 60 scientific papers and books and described some new plant species and
taxa
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
.>
After retirement, he returned to Dubrovnik, where he died in 1935, at the time of the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 unt ...
.
Today Lujo Adamović is considered one of stellar botanist of Serbia of the 19th and 20th century, including
Josif Pančić
Josif Pančić ( sr-cyr, Јосиф Панчић; April 17, 1814 – February 25, 1888) was a Serbian botanist, a doctor of medicine, a lecturer at the Great School (the future University of Belgrade), and the first president of the Serbian Royal ...
,
Sava Petrović, Sava Hilandarac,
Nedeljko Košanin Nedeljko Koshanin (Čečina, Ivanjica, Čečina / Vionica, near Ivanjica, Principality of Serbia, 13 October 1874 - Graz, Austria, 22 March 1934) was a scientist biologist, university professor and academic at the Serbian Royal Academy, now the Serb ...
, Teodor Soška, and others.
Major works
The most significant work in his opus is—The Vegetation Conditions of the Balkans (''Die Vegetationsverhältnisse der Balkanländer'', 1909 & 1916)—now considered one of the classic works of the science of vegetation formations. Also important are:
* ''Die pflanzengeographische Stellung und Gliederung Italiens''/The geographical position and structure of Italy, 1933
* ''Revisio glumacearum Serbicarum,'' 1930
* ''Vegetationsbilder aus Dalmatien''/Pictures of vegetation from Dalmatia, 1904
* ''Die Verbreitung der Holzgewächse in den dinarischen Ländern''/The spread of woody plants in the Dinaric countries, 1910 & 1913
* ''Vegetationsbilder aus Mazedonien''/Vegetation pictures from Macedonia, 1913
* ''De la végétation du sud de la Serbie''/The Vegetation of southern Serbia, 1909
See also
*
Nedeljko Košanin Nedeljko Koshanin (Čečina, Ivanjica, Čečina / Vionica, near Ivanjica, Principality of Serbia, 13 October 1874 - Graz, Austria, 22 March 1934) was a scientist biologist, university professor and academic at the Serbian Royal Academy, now the Serb ...
*
Sava Petrović
*
Josif Pančić
Josif Pančić ( sr-cyr, Јосиф Панчић; April 17, 1814 – February 25, 1888) was a Serbian botanist, a doctor of medicine, a lecturer at the Great School (the future University of Belgrade), and the first president of the Serbian Royal ...
*
August Kanitz
August Kanitz (25 April 1843, in Lugos – 12 July 1896, in Kolozsvár) was a Hungarian botanist.
While a student at the University of Vienna he wrote ''Geschichte der Botanik in Ungarn'' (Hanover and Budapest, 1863), and soon after, ''Versuch e ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adamovic, Lujo
Serbian botanists
1864 births
1935 deaths