Luis Manuel Valentín Rodríguez-Varela y Sancena (13 February 1768–1826), also known as El Conde Filipino (literally, "The Philippine Count" in Spanish),Claudio, L. E. (2017, June 12). ''On using the term ‘Filipino’''. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/basagan-trip-leloy-claudio was a

Philippine The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

protonationalist who flourished during the Spanish colonial era. An insular Spaniard and an '' ilustrado'' who went to school in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, Rodríguez-Varela published a series of books advocating

social change Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Definition Social change may not refer to the notion of social progress or sociocult ...

in the

Spanish Philippines Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...

, inspired by the

Enlightenment Enlightenment or enlighten may refer to: Age of Enlightenment * Age of Enlightenment, period in Western intellectual history from the late 17th to late 18th century, centered in France but also encompassing (alphabetically by country or culture): ...

and the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

. His most important work is ''El parnaso filipino'', published in Sampaloc,

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...

in 1814. He advocated the opening of local colleges to teach subjects such as mathematics, medicine, and navigation, as well as free primary schools for the poor. Rodríguez-Varela also believed that foreign powers held too much influence over the local economy, and he accordingly worked to limit

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

intrusion in the region by bolstering the local business associations. Along with José Ortega, Rodríguez-Varela was one of several people expelled from the island by Governor

Juan Antonio Martínez Juan Antonio Martínez was interim President of Guatemala from 16 August 1848 to 28 November 1848. Martinez was elected due to the resignation of President José Rafael Carrera Turcios on August 15, 1848. The Liberal Party, expected at any tim ...

on February 18, 1823, when they were accused of conspiring against the local

Spanish government gl, Goberno de España eu, Espainiako Gobernua , image = , caption = Logo of the Government of Spain , headerstyle = background-color: #efefef , label1 = Role , data1 = Executive power , label2 = Established , da ...

.Bourne, Edward Gaylord (1903).
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803
'. A.H. Clark company, p. 47.

References

1768 births 1826 deaths Filipino people of Spanish descent People from the Spanish colonial Philippines {{Philippines-bio-stub

See also

References