Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero y de Guzmán, (8 January 1635,
Palma del Río
Palma del Río is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, the city has a population of 20,640.
Agriculture
The region was intensively developed agriculturally d ...
– 14 September 1709,
Toledo, Spain
Toledo ( , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, capital of the province of Toledo and the ''de jure'' seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Toledo was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESC ...
) was a Spanish prelate, who was
cardinal archbishop of Toledo
This is a list of Bishops and Archbishops of Toledo ( la, Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana). . Uncle of
Luis Antonio Tomás de Portocarrero y Moscoso, 5th Count, who became a
Grandee of Spain
Grandee (; es, Grande de España, ) is an official aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the , though in neither country did they ha ...
, 2nd class, since 1707 by King
Felipe V of Spain.
Biography
A younger son of the 1st marquis of
Almenara, title of 11 July 1623, and 3rd Count of
Palma del Rio, title of 22 November 1507, Luis Andres. He became dean of Toledo early, and was made cardinal on 5 August 1669.
Till 1677 he lived at
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
as cardinal protector of the Spanish nation. In 1677 he was appointed interim viceroy of
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
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, counsellor of state and archbishop of Toledo. He ceased to be viceroy of Sicily in 1678, being replaced by
Vicente de Gonzaga y Doria
Vicente de Gonzaga y Doria, (1602 – 23 November 1694) was Viceroy of Valencia, 1663, Viceroy of Catalonia, 1664–1667 and Viceroy of Sicily, 1678, second of the 11 sons/daughters of Ferrante II Gonzaga, 1st Duke of Guastalla, (1563 – 5 August ...
, (1602–1694) former
Viceroy of Catalonia
This is a list of Spanish viceroys (also called lieutenants) of the Principality of Catalonia from 1479 to 1713.
*1479–1493: Enrique de Aragón
*1493–1495: Juan de Lanuza y Garabito
*1495–1496: Juan Fernández de Heredia
*149 ...
, 1664–1667, not to be confounded with his nephew
Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla
Vincenzo Gonzaga (1634 – 28 April 1714) was the reigning Duke of Guastalla and a member of the House of Gonzaga.
Early life
Vincenzo was born as the second son of Andrea Gonzaga, Count of San Paolo (d. 1686) and his wife, Laura Crispano dei m ...
, (1634–1714). On 16 January 1678, he was
consecrated bishop by
Jaime de Palafox y Cardona,
Archbishop of Palermo
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palermo ( la, Archidioecesis Panormitana) was founded as the Diocese of Palermo in the first century and raised to the status of archdiocese in the 11th century.[Giovanni Roano e Corrionero Giovanni may refer to:
* Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname
* Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data
* '' Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend ...]
,
Archbishop of Monreale, and
Francesco Arata,
Bishop of Lipari
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Lipari was a Latin diocese of the Roman Catholic Church located in the town of Lipari in the Aeolian Islands of Sicily, Italy. The diocese consists of the entire island of Lipari as well as seven smaller adjacent isla ...
, serving as
co-consecrators.
As archbishop of Toledo he exerted himself to protect the clergy from the obligation to pay the excises or octroi duties known as "the millions" and thereby helped to perpetuate the financial embarrassments of the government.
His position rather than any personal qualities enabled him to play an important part in a great crisis of European politics. The decrepit
King Charles II was childless, and the disposal of his inheritance became a question of great interest to the European powers. Fernández de Portocarrero was induced to become a supporter of the French party, which desired that the crown should be left to one of the family of
Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of Ver ...
, and not to a member of the king's own family, the Habsburgs. The great authority of Fernández de Portocarrero as
cardinal and
primate of Spain
The Primacy of the Spains ( pt, Primaz das Espanhas; es, Primado de las Españas, ca, Primat de les Espanyes) is the primacy of the Iberian Peninsula, historically known as Hispania or in the plural as the Spains. The Archbishop of Braga, in ...
was used to persuade, or rather to terrify the unhappy king into making a will in favor of the
duke of Anjou, Philip V.
He acted as regent until the new king reached Spain and hoped to be powerful under his rule. But the king's French advisers were aware that Spain required a thorough financial and administrative reform. Fernández de Portocarrero could not see, and indeed had not either the intelligence or the honesty to see, the necessity. He was incapable, obstinate and perfectly selfish. The new rulers soon found that he must be removed and he was ordered to return to his diocese. When in 1706 the Austrian party appeared likely to gain the upper hand, Fernández de Portocarrero was led by spite and vexation to go over to them.
When fortune changed he returned to his allegiance to Philip V, and as the government was unwilling to offend the Church he escaped banishment. In 1709 when Louis XIV made a pretence of withdrawing from the support of his grandson, the cardinal made a great display of loyalty. He died in September of the same year and by his orders the words ''Hic jacet pulvis, cinis, et nihil'' were put on his tomb (here lies dust, ashes and nothing).
Episcopal succession
References
*
External links
de Portocarreromatica/portocarrero.html Short biography
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez de Portocarrero, Luis Manuel
1635 births
1709 deaths
Regents of Spain
18th-century Spanish cardinals
17th-century Spanish cardinals
Archbishops of Toledo
17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
Viceroys of Sicily
Grandees of Spain