Luis Jiménez de Asúa (June 19, 1889 in

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

– November 16, 1970 in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

) was a

jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...

and

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...

. He was vice president of the Spanish parliament and representative of that country before the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

. During the

Francoist dictatorship Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Sp ...

he exiled himself to

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. In 1962 he was named president of the Spanish Republican government in Exile.

Biography

A professor of

penal law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law ...

at the

Central University of Madrid The Complutense University of Madrid ( es, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; UCM, links=no, ''Universidad de Madrid'', ''Universidad Central de Madrid''; la, Universitas Complutensis Matritensis, links=no) is a public research university loca ...

). He was confined to the

Islas Chafarinas The Chafarinas Islands ( es, Islas Chafarinas , ber, Igumamen Iceffaren, script=Latn or , ar, جزر الشفارين or ), also spelled Zafarin, Djaferin or Zafarani, are a group of three small Spanish islets located in the Alboran Sea off the ...

in 1926, for his protest against the exile of

Miguel de Unamuno Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca. His major philosophical essay w ...

by the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In 1931 he entered in the

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Socialista Obrero Español ; PSOE ) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources: * * * * political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in gov ...

(PSOE) and was made a

deputy Deputy or depute may refer to: * Steward (office) * Khalifa, an Arabic title that can signify "deputy" * Deputy (legislator), a legislator in many countries and regions, including: ** A member of a Chamber of Deputies, for example in Italy, Spai ...

in the

Cortes Generales The Cortes Generales (; en, Spanish Parliament, lit=General Courts) are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house), and the Senate (the upper house). The Congress of Deputies meets ...

, presiding over the parliamentary commission that had been drafting the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

. Director of the Institute of Penal Studies, created by

Victoria Kent Victoria Kent Siano (March 6, 1891 – September 25, 1987) was a Spanish lawyer and republican politician. Biography Born in Málaga, Spain, Kent was affiliated to the Radical Socialist Republican Party and came to fame in 1930 for defending � ...

, he participated in the writing of the Criminal Code of 1932. Belonging to the moderate wing of the PSOE, he was elected vice president of the Cortes Generales in the 1936 Spanish general election. During the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...

he occupied diplomatic charges of the Republic in Poland and Czechoslovakia and represented Spain in the League of Nations. Once the

Nationalists Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

won the civil war, he was exiled to

in 1939, where he continued his educational career at the

National University of La Plata The La Plata National University ( es, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, UNLP) is one of the most important Argentine national universities and the biggest one situated in the city of La Plata, capital of Buenos Aires Province. It has over 90 ...

and the

National University of the Littoral The National University of Litoral ( es, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, UNL) is a public university in Argentina. It is based in Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe Province. It has colleges and other academic facilities in Esperanza, Reconqu ...

and the High School of Penal Law and Criminology at the

University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public university, public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one o ...

until the

Revolución Argentina Argentine Revolution ( es, Revolución Argentina, links=no) was the name given by its leaders to a military coup d'état which overthrew the government of Argentina in June 1966 and began a period of military dictatorship by a junta from the ...

of 1966. He directed the ''Magazine of Criminal Law and Criminology'' until his death. His ''Tratado de Derecho Penal'' in seven volumes, has been respected as a masterpieces of the matter. The Brazilian criminal lawyer Nelson Hungria has said that: He maintained a close relation with the student organization

reformists Reformism is a political doctrine advocating the reform of an existing system or institution instead of its abolition and replacement. Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can e ...

of Argentina. Among his disciples was

Guillermo Estévez Boero Guillermo Estévez Boero (28 December 1930 – 3 February 2000) was an Argentine student activist, lawyer and Socialist politician. Estévez Boero was born in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, and studied law at the National University of the Littoral, ...

, who would be a president of the

Argentine University Federation The Argentine University Federation ( es, Federación Universitaria Argentina; FUA) is the most important student organization in Argentina. The FUA was created on April 11, 1918 within the University Reform student movement originated in Córdob ...

and then national representative of the

Socialist Party of Argentina The Socialist Party ( es, Partido Socialista, PS) is a centre-left political party in Argentina. Founded in 1896, it is one of the oldest still-active parties in Argentina, alongside the Radical Civic Union. The party has been an opponent of ...

. In 1962, he was appointed as

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

of the Republic in exile, a post he held until his death in 1970 when he was succeeded by

José Maldonado González José Maldonado González (12 November 1900, in Tineo, Asturias – 11 February 1985, in Oviedo) was the last president of the Spanish Republican government in Exile. Elected in the 1936 Spanish general election as a deputy for Oviedo province, ...

Works

* ''El Derecho penal del porvenir'' (1916) * ''El estado de necesidad'' (1922) * ''Al servicio del Derecho penal'' * ''La teoría jurídica del delito'' (1931) * ''Psicoanálisis criminal'' (1940) Buenos Aires, Losada. * ''El criminalista'' (1941-1949, 8 vols) * ''La Constitución política de la democracia española'' (1942) * ''La ley y el delito'' (1945) * ''La Constitución de la democracia española y el problema regional'' (1946) * ''Tratado de Derecho penal'' (1949-1963, 7 vols.).

References

Offices and titles

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jimenez de Asua, Luis 1889 births 1970 deaths Politicians from Madrid Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians Presidents of Spain Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Argentina Exiled Spanish politicians