Luis Antonio Eguiguren Escudero (July 21, 1887 in

Piura Piura is a city in northwestern Peru located in the Sechura Desert on the Piura River. It is the capital of the Piura Region and the Piura Province. Its population was 484,475 as of 2017. It was here that Spanish Conqueror Francisco Pizarro fou ...

– August 15, 1967 in

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of t ...

) was a Peruvian educator, magistrate, historian and politician. He was the director of the General Archive (File) of the Nation (1914), Alderman of Lima (1914–1920),

Mayor of Lima The following is a list of Lima's mayors through the 20th and 21st centuries. '' Alcaldes ordinarios'' of the first and the second vote Mayors of Lima See also * Timeline of Lima {{Peru lists Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded ...

(1930), President of the Constituent Congress (1930–1932), founder and leader of the

Peruvian Peruvians ( es, peruanos) are the citizens of Peru. There were Andean and coastal ancient civilizations like Caral, which inhabited what is now Peruvian territory for several millennia before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century; Peruvian p ...

Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ...

. He won the Peruvian presidential election of 1936, but his victory was ignored by the Congress and the then-President

Oscar R. Benavides Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People * Oscar (given name), an Irish- and English-language name also used in other languages; the article includes the names Oskar, Oskari, Oszkár, Óscar, and other forms. * Oscar (Irish mythology), ...

, who claimed that he had won with votes of the

APRA APRA or Apra may refer to: Places *Apra, Punjab, a census town city in Jalandhar District of Punjab, India * Apra Harbor, the main port of Guam Acronyms * American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana), a Peruvi ...

. He presided over the

Supreme Court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

and the

Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...

in 1953 and 1954.

Biography

Luis A. Eguiguren was born in the historical San Francisco Street (now Lima Street), in the city of

. He was the son of Francisco Jose Eguiguren Escudero, honest judge, congressman, Secretary of Justice and President of the Supreme Court in 1913 and 1914, and the distinguished lady Josefina Escudero Menacho. Between 1893 and 1902, he studied at Colegio San Miguel de Piura School and then at Colegio La Inmaculada(The

Jesuit Fathers The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

School) in Lima (1902–1904). He got into the

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos The National University of San Marcos ( es, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, link=no, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educ ...

, where he chose the academic degrees of Doctor of Letters (1913), in Jurisprudence with the thesis "The Peruvian

ayllu The ''ayllu'', a family clan, is the traditional form of a community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras. They are an indigenous local government model across the Andes region of South America, particularly in Bolivia and Peru. ...

legal status" (1914), and Political and Administrative Science (1914). His thesis of Bachelor of Political and Administrative Sciences was titled: "The Role of students in Political life”, and his doctoral thesis: "The need for a diplomatic tradition in Peru". His remains were transferred to his native Piura in December 2005, in order to rest in the tomb that he ordered to be built in San Teodoro Cemetery. Law No. 24899, promulgated on October 19, 1988, establishes that each July 21 is the Peruvian Humanist Day. It was established in honor of the magistrate, historian, journalist and Peruvian politician, Don Luis Antonio Eguiguren, on the centenary of his birth.

Career

He was appointed Director of the National Archive, but he resigned because he did not receive enough support to carry out the institution that was under his charge.UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS (Lima-Perú) Personajes distinguidos http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/sanmarcos/biografia/eguigurenl.htm In the field of politics, he deployed an intense task. He was the

in a short period of time, during the years of 1930 and 1931. He was elected deputy and later he presided over the Constituent Assembly. He was also president of the Supreme Court of the Republic. In 1936 he ran for president in the Peruvian General Election as leader of the Social Democrat Party, after being convinced by the

to form his own party, to the detriment of Manuel Prado's

Conservative Coalition The conservative coalition, founded in 1937, was an unofficial alliance of members of the United States Congress which brought together the conservative wings of the Republican and Democratic parties to oppose President Franklin Delano Rooseve ...

. As the votes were being counted, Eguiguren appeared to be leading with a majority; the vote being finally suspended on October 21 (on the basis that members of the previously banned

party had voted for him) which left Eguiguren with 37.13% of the votes in comparison to Prado's 25.00%. However, due to the environment of political intolerance in Perú, the elections were nullified on the same arguments that the count was suspended: according to the government, American Popular Revolutionary Alliance support of his candidacy rendered his victory null (as he was supported by a party considered illegal for being an "international party"). After his frustrated presidency, he further developed a liking for historical research with dynamism and conviction, which perhaps explains the abundant and interesting bibliographical production of his authorship. Besides, we must highlight their work and research for the construction of the history of his alma mater,

San Marcos San Marcos is the Spanish name of Saint Mark. It may also refer to: Towns and cities Argentina * San Marcos, Salta Colombia * San Marcos, Antioquia * San Marcos, Sucre Costa Rica * San Marcos, Costa Rica (aka San Marcos de Tarrazú) ...

. ''Orígenes de la Universidad de San Marcos'' is the title of a valuable text that all "sanmarquinos" should read in order to learn more about the oldest American college. Other of the books he also published were ''Catálogo histórico del claustro de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 1576–1800'',
La Universidad de San Marcos: IV centenario de la fundación de la Universidad Real y Pontificia y de su vigorosa continuidad histórica
', y ''Diccionario cronológico de la Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Marcos y sus Colegios''
vol Ivol.II
an
vol.III
He is the most prolific San Marcos historian, because he has written six thousand pages of documents and texts about his university. He chaired the Committee appointed to draft the official history of San Marcos, on the occasion of its four hundred year anniversary in 1951. Luis A. Eguiguren was interested also on events and characters of Peru's Independence. Therefore, he published studies about ''La rebelión de León de

Huánuco Huánuco (; qu, Wanuku) is a city in central Peru. It had a population of 196,627 as of 2017 and in 2015 it had a population of 175,068. It is the capital of the Huánuco Region and the Huánuco District. It is the seat of the diocese of Huán ...

'', ''Lima y

Huamanga Ayacucho (, qu, Ayak'uchu) is the capital city of Ayacucho Region and of Huamanga Province, Ayacucho Region, Peru. During the Inca Empire and Viceroyalty of Peru periods the city was known by the name of Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanga), and it c ...

−1812'', ''La revolución de 1814'', ''El mártir pescador José Silverio Olaya'', ''La sublevación de

Túpac Amaru Túpac Amaru (1545 – 24 September 1572) (first name also spelled Tupac, Topa, Tupaq, Thupaq, Thupa, last name also spelled Amaro instead of Amaru) was the last Sapa Inca of the Neo-Inca State, the final remaining independent part of the Inca ...

'', among others. He made an important contribution to the text ''Apuntes sobre la cuestión internacional entre Perú y

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

'', in which he demonstrated that some Peru's northern territories, like Jaen and Maynas, undoubtedly belong to his country. Luis A. Eguiguren is the only Peruvian to lead the three branches of government, the

Constituent Congress A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected b ...

(1930–1932), the Supreme Court (1953–1954) and the failed Presidency (1936). Foto dedicada a LAEE por Dwight Eisenhower

Political offices

*Secretario del Ministerio de Hacienda (1910–1911) during the first government (1908–1912) of

Augusto B. Leguía Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo (February 19, 1863 – February 6, 1932) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru from 1908 to 1912 and from 1919 to 1930, the latter term known as ''El Oncenio de Leguía'' (Leguía's E ...

. *Concejal de la Municipalidad de Lima 1914–1920.

City Councilman A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural council ...

. *Director del Archivo Nacional (1914). Director of the Peruvian National Archives *Embajador Ad honorem ante el Vaticano (1924).

Ad honorem ''Ad honorem'' is a Latin phrase that literally can be translated as "to the honor". When used today, it generally means "for the honor of"; that is, not seeking any material reward. It is commonly used in universities for certain unpaid teaching ...

Ambassador of Peru to the

Vatican Vatican may refer to: Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum The Holy See * The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...

. *Alcalde de Lima (1930–1931)

*Presidente del Congreso Constituyente (1931). President of the Constituent Congress *Presidente electo del Perú (1936). Elected

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

*Vocal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia (1946). Member of the Supreme Court *Presidente de la Corte Suprema de Justicia (1952–1953). President of the Supreme Court *Fundador del Diario y editorial "Ahora" (1934). Founder of the newspaper and editorial "Now (Ahora)”

Honours

*Gran Cruz de la Orden del Sol del Perú. * Orden de San Gregorio Magno. Holy See. * Orden del Libertador. Venezuela He was named

Doctor Honoris Causa An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hon ...

of the following universities: LAEE Dr HonCausa Columbia Univ 1954

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...

. New York (1953) *

Georgetown University Georgetown University is a private university, private research university in the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789 as Georg ...

. Washington (1953) *Pontificia

Universidad Católica de Chile The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (''PUC or UC Chile'') ( es, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) is one of the six Catholic Universities existing in the Chilean university system and one of the two pontifical universities i ...

Santiago Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose ...

(1932)

Publications

*1908 Los símbolos de la patria: trabajo histórico presentado en la actuación patriótica de la "Escuela Técnica de Comercio" *1909 Recordando a

Manuel Candamo Manuel González de Candamo e Iriarte (July 14, 1841 – May 7, 1904) served as the 33rd President of Peru from 1903 until his death in 1904. He also served as Interim President of Peru, officially as the President of the Government Junta ...

*1909 El Pensamiento de

San Martín San Martín or San Martin may refer to: People Saints * Saint Martin (disambiguation)#People, name of various saints in Spanish Political leaders *Vicente San Martin (1839 -1901), Military, National hero of Mexico. *Basilio San Martin (1849 ...

*1910 El fundador de la Universidad de San Marcos fray

Tomás de San Martín Tomás may refer to: * Tomás (given name) * Tomás (surname) Tomás is a Spanish and Portuguese surname, equivalent of ''Thomas''. It may refer to: * Antonio Tomás (born 1985), professional Spanish footballer * Belarmino Tomás (1892–1950), ...

*1911 Origen de la Universidad de San Marcos *1912 Actuación de los hijos de

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

en la Universidad de San Marcos (siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII) *1912 La Cátedra de Prima de Leyes *1912 Catálogo histórico del claustro de la Universidad de San Marcos *1912 Con la juventud de América *1912 La Rebelión de León de

*1913 Ensayo sobre el sistema penal incaico *1913 Historia del Batallón Numancia *1913 Tentativa de segunda rebelión de

, octubre de 1812-enero de 1813 *1913 Reflexiones en torno del edicto de Milán *1914 El

peruano y su condición legal (Doctoral Thesis in Jurisprudence UNMSM. Lima Peru) *1914 La tradición diplomática en el Perú *1914 La rebelión del

Cuzco Cusco, often spelled Cuzco (; qu, Qusqu ()), is a city in Southeastern Peru near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peru; ...

de 1814 * 1915 La anexión del distrito de Castilla a la ciudad de Piura *1915 Intervención de los estudiantes de la Universidades en la vida política *1915 La Holgazanería en el Perú *1921 Historia de la Universidad de San Marcos hasta el 15 de julio de 1647 por el Padre Maestro Fray

Antonio de la Calancha Antonio de la Calancha (1584–1654) was a pioneering anthropologist studying the South American natives and a senior Augustinian friar. Biography Calancha was the son of an Andalusian holder of an encomienda, Captain Francisco de la Calancha, ...

*1931 Origen y legislación sobre los impuestos para desocupados *1933 En la Selva política *1935 La sedición de Huamanga en 1812:

Ayacucho Ayacucho (, qu, Ayak'uchu) is the capital city of Ayacucho Region and of Huamanga Province, Ayacucho Region, Peru. During the Inca Empire and Viceroyalty of Peru periods the city was known by the name of Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanga), and it c ...

y la Independencia
Actualidad política
Eguiguren,

Haya de la Torre Haya may refer to: Biology * ''Haya'' (dinosaur), a genus of basal ornithopod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous from Mongolia * ''Haya'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae * Haya de Herguijuela (Spanish: beec ...

Prado The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art, usually from the museum's own collection. It migh ...

Flores Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. Including the Komodo Islands off its west coast (but excluding the Solor Archipelago to the east of Flores), the land area is 15,530.58 km2, and th ...

, Villarán, Pierola *1936 La vitalidad de la Democracia en el Perú *1939 El Usurpador *193
Alma Mater
Orígenes de la Universidad de San Marcos 1551 – 1579 *1940;1941; 1951 Diccionario histórico cronológico de la Real Universidad de San Marcos y sus colegios en tres tomo
Tomo ITomo II

Tomo III
*1941 Apuntes sobre la cuestión internacional entre el Perú y

: MaynasThis is a book about the

History of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

*1942 El estudiante de medicina Daniel Carrión: proceso judicial sobre su gloriosa muerte *1942 Guerra separatista del Perú (1777–1780) *1943 Invencible Jaén (English) *1944

Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * Sa ...

de Lima *1944 La Creación de la Democracia de Post Guerra *194
La restauración del derecho
*1945 El mártir pescador José Silverio Olaya y los pupilos del

Real Felipe The Real Felipe Fortress was built to defend the main Peruvian port and the city of Lima from pirates and corsairs during colonial times. The fortress was pivotal in the 1866 naval battle between a Spanish fleet sent to South America to "reclaim" ...

*1945 La inconstitucionalidad de las leyes: Artículo XXII del título preliminar del Código Civil *1945 Carta de las Naciones Unidas y Estatutos de la Corte Internacional de la Haya *194
La Democracia y la mutilación de la Constitución
*194
Leyendas y curiosidades de la historia nacional
*194
Fondo Monetario Internacional y Banco Internacional para la Reconstrucción
*1945 Documentos de

Dumbarton Oaks Dumbarton Oaks, formally the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was the residence and garden of wealthy U.S. diplomat Robert Woods Bliss and his wife, M ...

sobre Organización Internacional *1945 Organización Propósitos y Progreso de la

UNRRA United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was an international relief agency, largely dominated by the United States but representing 44 nations. Founded in November 1943, it was dissolved in September 1948. it became part o ...

*194
Sociología Sexual
*1945–4
Las calles de Lima
*194
El abuso del Derecho
*1949 El Archivo Nacional del Perú
Breve inventario de expedientes
*194
El paseo triunfal y el vejamen del graduando
https://fondoeditorial.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/fondoeditorial/catalog/book/64 (1)] *194
Semblanza de la Universidad de San Marcos por Diego de León Pinelo (1648)
(translator Latin-Spanish) *1950 Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza *1950 Toward the country of democracy: Hacia el país de la democracia (English-Spanish) *195
Universidad de San Marcos: IV centenario de la fundación de la Universidad Real y Pontificia y de su vigorosa continuidad histórica
https://fondoeditorial.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/fondoeditorial/catalog/book/93 (1)] *1950 La National University of San Marcos, Universidadbr>en el s. XVI
https://fondoeditorial.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/fondoeditorial/catalog/book/71 Narración (Volumen I
Las Constituciones de la Universidad y otros documentos (Volumen II)
*1950 Historia de la medicina peruan
La medicina incaica (Volumen I)La medicina en el Virreinato (Volumen II)
https://fondoeditorial.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/fondoeditorial/catalog/book/67 La medicina en la República (Volumen III)] (Editor) *195
Lugares Teológicos
por Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Rodríguez de Mendoza (translator Latin-Spanish) *1952 Guerra separatista rebeliones de indios en Sur América la sublevación de

, crónica de Melchor de Paz. Tomo I; Tomo II
Con apostillas a la obra de Melchor de Paz, por Luis Antonio Eguiguren.
*1953 El proceso de Juan de Berindoaga y Palomares: un capítulo de Historia del Libertador Bolívar en el Perú *1954 Sánchez Carrión: Ministro General de los negocios del Perú. Tomo I
Tomo II
*1954 Las instituciones civiles en el PerúSpeech given upon receiving the title of Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa at Columbia University *1955 Unanue,

Arequipa Arequipa (; Aymara and qu, Ariqipa) is a city and capital of province and the eponymous department of Peru. It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed the "legal capital of Peru". It is the second most populated city ...

br>y la Historia creadora
*1956 Huellas de la

Compañía de Jesús , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...

br>en el Perú
*1956 Dr. Fernando Máximo López Aldana, prócer de la independencia del Perú, vocal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República *1957 Guerra separatista: la tentativa de rebelión que concibió el Doctor José Mateo Silva en

*1959 Apellidos y fisonomía moral de Pumacahua *1958 Carta de las Naciones Unidas y Estatutos de la Corte Internacional de Justicia *1959 Hojas para la Historia de la Emancipación del Per�
Tomo I
*1961 Hojas para la Historia de la Emancipación del Per�
Tomo II
*196
El Derecho del Perú Virreinal: Crisis del derecho y justicia
*1966 Lima inexpugnable: Un libro desconocido del polígrafo don

Pedro Peralta y Barnuevo Pedro Peralta y Barnuevo (Lima, 26 November 1663 – 30 April 1743) was an Enlightenment-era Peruvian mathematician, cosmographer, historian, scholar, poet, and astronomer, and was considered a polymath. He was rector of University of San Marcos in ...

*1967 Hojas para la Historia de la Emancipación del Perú Tomo III *1967 El recurso de

Habeas Corpus ''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, t ...

*196
Trozos de vida

References

Sources

* CORREA, Y. – EGUIGUREN, L. ''D. Luis Antonio Eguiguren Escudero'' https://web.archive.org/web/20100914003142/http://www.udep.edu.pe/publicaciones/desdelcampus/art1763.html * ESTRADA MORALES, J. ''Luis A. Eguiguren: humanista y polígrafo piurano'', Lima : Imprenta Huiman,

000 Triple zero, Triple Zero, Zero Zero Zero, Triple 0, Triple-0, 000, or 0-0-0 may refer to: * 000 (emergency telephone number), the Australian emergency telephone number * "Triple Zero", a song by AFI (band), AFI from ''Shut Your Mouth and Open Your ...

* MUSEO DEL CONGRESO (República del Perú) http://www.congreso.gob.pe/museo/presidentes/226.LA-Eguiguren-1931.pdf * UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS (Lima-Perú) ''Personajes distinguidos'' http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/sanmarcos/biografia/eguigurenl.htm * TAURO DEL PINO, Alberto, ''Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú''. Lima, PEISA, 2001. {{DEFAULTSORT:Eguiguren Escudero, Luis Antonio Peruvian people of Basque descent 1887 births 1967 deaths Presidents of the Congress of the Republic of Peru People from Piura 20th-century Peruvian judges Peruvian politicians Peruvian journalists Male journalists Peruvian male writers Mayors of Lima Candidates for President of Peru Knights of St. Gregory the Great 20th-century journalists