Ludwig Graff de Pancsova (2 January 1851 – 6 February 1924), known as Ludwig von Graff, was an Austrian

zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

born in Pancsova. In 1871, he received his medical degree in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, afterwards studying zoology at the

University of Graz The University of Graz (german: link=no, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, ), located in Graz, Austria, is the largest and oldest university in Styria, as well as the second-largest and second-oldest university in Austria. History The unive ...

. In 1872, he was an assistant at the zoological institute in

Strasbourg Strasbourg (, , ; german: Straßburg ; gsw, label=Bas Rhin Alsatian, Strossburi , gsw, label=Haut Rhin Alsatian, Strossburig ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est region of eastern France and the official seat of the Eu ...

, where he worked closely with

Eduard Oscar Schmidt Eduard Oscar Schmidt (21 February 1823, in Torgau – 17 January 1886, in Kappelrodeck) was a German zoologist and phycologist. Biography He initially studied mathematics and science at Halle, then continued his education in Berlin, where he ...

(1823–1886). In 1873, he relocated to

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...

as an assistant to

Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold Prof Karl (Carl) Theodor Ernst von Siebold FRS(For) HFRSE (16 February 1804 – 7 April 1885) was a German physiologist and zoologist. He was responsible for the introduction of the taxa Arthropoda and Rhizopoda, and for defining the taxon Proto ...

(1804–1885), gaining his habilitation during the following year. In 1876, he became a professor at the Academy of Forestry in

Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg (; South Franconian: ''Aschebersch'') is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is its administrative seat. Aschaffenburg belonged to the Archbishopric ...

, and from 1884 was a professor of zoology at the University of Graz. Here, he expanded the institute of zoology and its library. In 1896-97, he was

rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...

of the university. Graff was a leading expert on

Turbellaria The Turbellaria are one of the traditional sub-divisions of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms), and include all the sub-groups that are not exclusively parasitic. There are about 4,500 species, which range from to large freshwater forms more ...

(flatworms), especially remembered for research of its

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines * Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts * Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies ...

and biological

systematics Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic tre ...

. He gathered material for his studies on numerous expeditions, which included journeys to

Ceylon Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

and

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

(1893–94), the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...

(1902), and North America (1907). With

Victor von Ebner Anton Gilbert Victor von Ebner, Ritter von Rofenstein (February 4, 1842 – March 20, 1925) was an Austrian anatomist and histologist. Early life and education Victor von Ebner was a native of Bregenz. He was a student at the Universities o ...

(1842–1925) and others, he founded the ''Gesellschaft für Morphologie und Physiologie'' (1907). He was also a co-founder of the ''Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft''. The 1910 International Congress of Zoologists at

Graz Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popul ...

elected him an honorary president

Selected writings

* ''Monographie der Turbellarien'' (Wien 1882, 1889); (Monograph of Turbellaria) * ''Die Turbellarien als Parasiten und Wirte'' (Graz 1903); (Turbellaria as parasites and hosts) * ''Das Schmarotzertum im Tierreich und seine Bedeutung für die Artbildung'' (Graz 1907); (

Parasitism Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted structurally to this way of lif ...

in animals and its importance for speciation).

References

Deutsche Biographie
(translated biography)

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Graff, Ludwig von Academic staff of the University of Graz 1851 births 1924 deaths Austrian zoologists