Lucius Caesius Martialis

The gens Caesia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome during the late Republic, and through to imperial times. The first member of this gens to achieve prominence was Marcus Caesius, praetor in 75 BC. Under the Empire, the Caesii were distinguished for their literary achievements.

Origin

The nomen of the Caesii may be derived from the Latin adjective ''caesius'', meaning a light blue or blue-grey colour, typically used to refer to the colour of a person's eyes. The same root may have given rise to the praenomen '' Caeso'', and perhaps also to the cognomen ''Caesar''.

Praenomina

The earlier Caesii appearing in history used the praenomina '' Lucius'' and ''Marcus'', two of the most common names throughout Roman history, to which the later Caesii added '' Publius'', '' Titus'', and '' Sextus''.

Branches and cognomina

The Caesii under the Republic are not known to have used any regular cognomina. In imperial times, the surnames ''Cordus'', ''Bassus'', ''Nasica'', and ''Taurinus'' appear. The first three are typical Latin cognomina. ''Cordus'' originally signified that a person was born late in the year, while ''Bassus'' indicated someone given to stoutness, and ''Nasica'' referred to someone with a prominent nose. ''Taurinus'' belongs to a common type of cognomen derived from place-names, suggesting its bearer was a native of Taurinum, in northern Italy.

Members

* Lucius Caesius, '' triumvir monetalis'' in 112 or 111 BC. His coins feature the Lares Praestites, the guardian spirits of Rome.
* Marcus Caesius, praetor in 75 BC.
* Marcus Caesius, a rapacious farmer of the tithes in Sicilia during the administration of Verres, in and after 73 BC.
* Lucius Caesius, a friend of Cicero, who accompanied him during his administration as proconsul in Cilicia in 50 BC.
* Marcus Caesius, an intimate friend of Cicero, who held the office of aedile at Arpinum, the only municipium which had such a magistracy, in 47 BC.
* Publius Caesius, an eques of Ravenna, enrolled as a Roman citizen by Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo.
* Sextus Caesius, an eques, mentioned by Cicero as a man of great honesty and integrity.
* Titus Caesius, a jurist, and pupil of Servius Sulpicius Rufus.
* Caesius Cordus, governor of Crete during the reign of Tiberius, accused of extortion and condemned.
* Caesius Nasica, commander of a legion in Britain under Aulus Didius Gallus.
* Lucius Caesius Martialis, consul ''suffectus'' from July to December in AD 57.
* Caesius Bassus, a lyric poet of the first century, who perished in the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79.
* Caesius Bassus, a grammarian of uncertain date, author of the tract ''Ars Caesii Bassi de Metris''.
* Titus Caesius Taurinus, a poet, who probably lived in the fourth century, was the author of the poem, ''Votum Fortunae''.Latin Anthology, Ep. 80, ed. Burmann; Ep. 622, ed. Meyer.

See also

* List of Roman gentes

References

Bibliography

* Marcus Tullius Cicero, '' Epistulae ad Atticum'', '' Epistulae ad Familiares'', '' Epistulae ad Quintum Fratem'', '' In Verrem'', ''Pro Balbo'', ''Pro Flacco''.
* Publius Cornelius Tacitus, '' Annales''.
* Publius Ovidius Naso ( Ovid), '' Fasti''.
* Elias Putschius, ''Grammaticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui'', Hanover (1605).
* Pieter Burmann, '' Anthologia Latina'' (Latin Anthology), ed. Wernsdorf, (1759–1778).
* Johann Christian Wernsdorf, ''Poëtae Latini Minores'' (Minor Latin Poets), Altenburg, Helmstedt (1780–1799).
* '' Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
* George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
* D.P. Simpson, ''Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary'', Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (1963).
* Michael Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', Cambridge University Press (1974, 2001).

{{SmithDGRBM, author=LS, title=Caesius, volume=1, page=557

Roman gentes