''Lucina'' is a genus of saltwater
clam
Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. Clams have two shel ...
s,
marine bivalve molluscs
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...
.
These bivalves are remarkable for their
endosymbiosis
An ''endosymbiont'' or ''endobiont'' is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism most often, though not always, in a mutualistic relationship.
(The term endosymbiosis is from the Greek: ἔνδον ''endon'' "within ...
with
sulphide-oxidizing
bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...
.
Fossil record
Fossils of ''Lucina'' are found in marine strata from the
Devonian until the
Quaternary (age range: from 388.1 to 0.012 million years ago).
Selected species
* ''
Lucina adansoni''
d'Orbigny, 1840
* ''
Lucina aurantia''
Deshayes, 1832
* ''
Lucina carnosa''
Dunker, 1865
* † ''
Lucina columbella''
Lamarck, 1818
* † ''
Lucina orbicularis''
Deshayes, 1835
* ''
Lucina pensylvanica''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758) – Pennsylvania lucine
* † ''
Lucina podagrina''
(Dall, 1903)
* ''
Lucina roquesana''
J. Gibson-Smith & W. Gibson-Smith, 1982
* ''
Lucina roscoeorum''
(Kilburn, 1974)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Lucina amiantus''
( Dall, 1901) – decorated lucine : synonym of ''
Radiolucina amianta''
(Dall, 1901) (incorrect gender ending)
* ''Lucina bermudensis''
Dall, 1901: synonym of † ''
Lucinoma bermudensis''
(Dall, 1901)
* ''Lucina excavata''
Carpenter, 1857: synonym of ''
Here excavata''
(Carpenter, 1857)
* ''Lucina fenestrata''
Hinds, 1845: synonym of ''
Lucinisca fenestrata''
(Hinds, 1845)
* ''Lucina floridana''
Conrad, 1833, now '' Stewartia floridana'': synonym of ''
Stewartia floridana''
(Conrad, 1833)
* ''Lucina keenae''
Chavan, 1971: synonym of ''
Callucina keenae''
(Chavan, 1971)
* ''Lucina leucocyma''
Dall, 1886: synonym of ''
Pleurolucina leucocyma''
(Dall, 1886)
* ''Lucina nuttalli''
( Conrad, 1791): synonym of ''
Lucinisca nuttalli''
(Conrad, 1837)
* ''Lucina sombrerensis''
Dall, 1886: synonym of ''
Pleurolucina sombrerensis''
(Dall, 1886)
* † ''Lucina trisulcata''
Conrad, 1841: synonym of † ''
Cavilinga trisulcata''
(Conrad, 1841)
Characteristics
The members of the genus ''Lucina'', as other members of the family
Lucinidae
Lucinidae, common name hatchet shells, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.
These bivalves are remarkable for their endosymbiosis with sulphide-oxidizing bacteria.
Characteristics
The members of this family have a worldwi ...
, are found in muddy sand or gravel at or below low tide mark. They have characteristically rounded shells with forward-facing projections. The valves are flattened and etched with concentric rings. Each valve bears two cardinal and two plate-like lateral teeth. These molluscs do not have siphons but the extremely long foot makes a channel which is then lined with slime and serves for the intake and expulsion of water.
[Barrett, J. H. and C. M. Yonge, 1958. Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. P. 161. Collins, London]
* ''
Lucina leucocyma''
Dall, 1886 – four-ribbed lucine: synonym of ''
Pleurolucina leucocyma''
(Dall, 1886)
* ''
Lucina muricata''
(Spengler Spengler is a German-language occupational surname, literally meaning " metal worker" or " tin knocker". It may refer to:
* Alexander Spengler (1827–1901), the first Davos doctor specializing in tuberculosis
* Bruno Spengler (born 1983), a Cana ...
, 1798): synonym of ''
Lucinisca centrifuga''
(Dall, 1901)
* ''
Lucina nassula''
( Conrad, 1846): synonym of ''
Lucinisca nassula''
(Conrad, 1846)
* ''
Lucina pectinata''
(Gmelin Gmelin may refer to:
* Gmelin's test, a chemical test
* Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin
People
* Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...
, 1791): synonym of ''
Phacoides pectinatus''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''
Lucina radians''
( Conrad, 1841): synonym of ''
Callucina keenae''
(Chavan, 1971)
References
{{Commonscat
Bivalve genera
Taxa named by Jean Guillaume Bruguière